Unit-5-competition大学英语泛读第4册第五单元.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Unit 5.Motivation or unhealthy experience(competition),.,Pre-reading questions:,Today,we live in an increasingly competitive world.Competition takes place in every arena of our life-,in our study,in our life,and even in our leisure activities,.,For some of us,we may even use whatever means we can think of to achieve our aims.,But have we ever thought of for,what purposes,we compete against each other,and,whether competition is good for us,?,.,Competition or cooperation,that is a question!,.,Economy and politics,.,Cooperation and Openness for Mutual Benefit and Win-Win Progress,At the,BRIC,Summit Brasilia,16 April 2010,.,.,Debate,1.Are you,for,or,against,competition?Why?,For:,Against:,2.What effects does competition have on,us,and,our society,?Can you think of any example?,Positive effects:,Negative effects:,.,3.What effects does competition have on,children,?,Positive effects,:,Competition can help children develop,healthy attitudes about winning and losing,;,Competition can,encourage growth and push a child to excel,;,Children benefit from competition as they learn about,their ablities and limitations,.,.,3.What effects does competition have on,children,?,Negative effects,:,Competition can harm a child if it causes,physical or emotional injury,or both;,Competition,lowers the need,to take care of others;,Competition causes,hostility,aggression,or makes a child unpopular,;,Competition is done,just for parents benefit or vainglory,Reading One:,Check your comprehension A:,Check each of the questions with the information from the text P,104,.,Check your comprehension B:,1.Competition plays such an important role in our culture that it is common to see even adults,shouting and swearing,on Sunday afternoons(when watching baseball games).This is,ridiculous,and I feel bad about it.,2.From my own experience,I dont think that we can develop deep and full relationships,by trying to compete and win,against a common enemy.,.,3.If my success means that I have to do better than others,I dont think Ill ever have real satisfaction because I have to keep thinking of how to,outdo,others,which is very,unpleasant and exhausting,.,4.Even when I reach the top position,I will not feel safe as all those below me will be,waiting to outdo me,and,try to grab the position from me.,.,5.I start to see that my,confidence in my personal value and worth,is,dependent on,how much better I am than so many others in so many activities.,6.Only when we begin to realize that there is no such a thing as healthy competition,can we begin to,live more normal and richer lives.,.,Check your vocabulary A:,outcome,:result,team spirit,:enthusiasm about working in a team,resolve,:solve a difficulty,in(the)light of,:taking into consideration what is known,or what has been just said or found out,in ones stead,:in the position or role of sb or sth else,self-esteem,:self-respect,.,Check your vocabulary B:,contradiction,exclusive,conditional:dependent on,outweigh:be more important/valuable than,incalculable:damage/consequences,induce:cause,treadmill:monotonous/tedious/plodding work,unjustifiable:unreasonable,hysteria:abnormal excitement,outweigh:,.,Summary,What is a summary?It is,a fairly brief restatement-,-,IN YOUR OWN WORDS,-,-of the contents of a passage.,Strictly speaking,you simply report back what the other writer has said.,It is not your job to make value judgments about the rightness or wrongness of what(s)he says.,That would be a different kind of paper-a summary-response,a critique,or a position paper.,While it is hard to give concrete guidelines for length,many good summaries are about,1/4 to 1/3,the length of the original.,.,What are the steps in writing a summary?,I.Read through the whole piece-carefully.,Annotate,(,underline,highlight,asterisk,star,flag things;comment in the margins,)as you read.,II.When you finish,look back for 1-2 sentences that state the authors main point.Write it/them down or place some special annotation in the margin of your book.This is the articles,thesis statement,.While it may appear early in the essay-the first paragraph or two(as you are taught to locate yours),it may not,in fact,be stated until the end of the piece(almost as if it were a conclusion).,.,III.,Reread the selection,dividing it into sections of thought.,Each section may be one paragraph,but,more likely,each section will incorporate several paragraphs.,IV.,Write a sentence or two summarizing each section of thought,If you have trouble doing this,you might try writing a summary sentence for each paragraph and then,revising,where you see yourself repeating ideas.,.,V.Write a first draft of your summary,including the following items:,A.In the first sentence or two-,1.the authors name.,2.the articles or chapters name(perhaps even the magazines or books name in which the article or chapter appeared).,3.the authors thesis statement.,Heres an example,:,In our excerpt,from,The Idea of a University,John Henry Newman,argues,that the real purpose of a university education is to help students become wise,enable each one to understand as much as possible of the world in which(s)he lives and to see clearly how each piece of knowledge relates to each other piece of knowledge.,.,B.Next,your summary sentences for each paragraph or section.,Put them in the same order,that the author presents the essay,because you are,after all,simply reporting back what(s)he says.,C.You should make every effort to,put the authors ideas into your own words-to avoid plagiarism.,However,you may occasionally want to quote a point directly from the author.Thats okay;just be sure to place,quotation marks,around what you have borrowed and cite your page number.,D.Occasional,supporting details,if and only if they are the most significant ones.,.,VI.Check your draft against the original piece,for accuracy,.,VII.Revise the summary to,smooth out its choppiness,.In other words,link your section summary sentences together with good,transitional words or phrases,(like in addition,moreover,on the other hand,however,finally).,VIII.,Proofread and spellcheck,.,.,Reading Two:,toxic,substance/fume/emission/waste/,reaction/shock syndrome,As social,networking,grows increasingly,pervasive,more employers are utilizing these sites to screen potential employees.,pervasive,social problems普遍的社会问题,Last week，China unveiled,stellar,growth figures for its economy.,中国上周公布了,强劲的,经济增长数据。,graceful,as a swan,像天鹅一样优雅；举止端庄；姿态优美,graceful bearing,风采,.,Check your comprehension B:,1.You knew that one had,healthy self-esteem,when he/she could enjoy competing in a hobby which he/she was,not very good at,.,2.A true competition is one in which you,dont know for sure,whether or not youll be able to achieve your aim.,.,3.For many of us,competition is an,additional ingredient,that keeps our life interesting,makes us alert and active,and,enables us to become more creative and productive,.,4.It can become,a good part of our life,and,exerts a great(negative)infuence on how we live,.,5.Parents must also,set an example of how to compete pleasantly,in their own lives.,.,Check your vocabulary:,pervasive computing,普遍计算技术,adaptable 适应性强的,self-contained,adj.设备齐全的；独立的；沉默寡言的,defective manipulate utensils,promote,sabotage,sbt:,sbt:,vt.妨害；对采取破坏行动 vi.从事破坏活动 n.破坏；怠工；破坏活动,nacissistic,graceful oval face,toxic,stellar performer.in the move to,在向.发展的过程中,在短短的几年内，他们公司发展成了华尔街最优秀的公司之一，（在这个发展过程中）为其它公司树立了榜样。,Substandard/outstanding performer 表现欠佳/优秀的员工,.,Three:Competition is Healthy,But it Can Get Out of Hand,Will Rogers World Airport,:,Is a big airport in,Oklahoma City,.,“I think we,gave a scare,”,she means,colloquially and humorously,that their yards are as bright as the airport,and could be seen as,competition for its business.,.,Wal-Mart,an enormous“inexpensive department store”chain that is,ubiquitous/pervasive/omnipresent,across America.,Its philosophy is to bring lots of inexpensive goods to consumers efficiently.,It has been criticized greatly since every time a Wal-Mart comes to a town,all of the smaller merchant shops cannot compete and go out of business.This is bad for the economy overall.,.,Mary Poppins,One of Walt Disneys musical films.,It is a combination of live action and animation.,It introduces to us a practically perfect magical nanny-Mary Poppins,who always dispenses,useful,but perhaps,too-sweet/simple,advice.,Three:,Check your comprehension B:,1.Competing can be fun,but we may be,overenthusiastic and unreasonable,about it.,2.Candidates who sit in a test performance in order to join certain bands can get,undeniably violent and aggressive,.,.,3.Feel free to,find a gift of yours,develop is,and,embarrass,those who dare to challenge you.,4.If competition isnt fun and people find themselves,feeling extremely worried,about an event they are competing in,then,why not stop,going through it?,.,Check your vocabulary:,disrespectful,outdo,audition,responsibility,scared,dread,gripes,vicious,depress,ironic,.,Reading Four:,Check your vocabulary A:,take on,subject sb to,at full speed,at all costs,pitagainst,in charge,step in,disservice,distorted,.,Check your vocabulary B:,downplay,realms,ostracism,paralysis,impose,ethic ethnic,temperament temper,steeraway from,.,.,.,