考研英语翻译.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,考研英语翻译课件,评分标准：,5个小题，每题2分，共10分。,如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。,如果就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。,中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。,命题原则,题材偏向专业领域的学术文献，以议论文和说明文为主，字数在400-450字之间。,所选题材偏向文科社会科学领域，而且考的都是热点内容。,只考长难句，平均长度是30字左右。,考研翻译的方法,直译：,对初学者而言，需要注意不能把直译和,“,字字对译,”,混淆。如果把一个英语词与一个汉语词对号入座，反而会扭曲原文的意思，而且不通畅，达不到考研英语翻译基本要求。,直译,Honeymoon,Hot line,Gene therapy,Easy come,easy go,Beggars must not be choosers,Dead men tell no tales,Chain reaction,意译：,由于英汉两种语言中的词汇、语法结构、表达方法及整个谋篇布局都不同，因此在翻译过程中，英语和汉语在形式和内容上都构不成等同，这时候需要把英语原文的意义进行解释性的翻译。,意译指的是从原文的意义出发，将英语所表达的意义用汉语做解释，翻译过程不需要过分遵守原文语言形式。,意译,Bull,s eyes,Milky way,As mute as a fish,As strong as a horse,As cool as cucumber,As close as an oyster,As intimate as thieves,意译,You are as wise as Solomon,He had one foot in the grave,He was eloquent,elegant,but soft,A doctor must have the heart of a lion and the hand of a lady,直译和意译的关系,直译着重原文和译文在表达形式和意义上的结合，而意译更注重意义的通顺。在考研翻译过程中，在不违背汉语语言规范的前提下，应该尽量采用直译的方法，即能直译就直译。,但是，因为英汉两种语言差异较大，如果直译出来的结果不通顺或者不符合汉语表达习惯，就需要采用意译的方法把英语原文意思表达清楚。,考研英语常见的翻译情况处理,定语从句的翻译,状语从句的翻译,主语从句的翻译,被动语态的翻译,代词的翻译,双重否定的翻译,词义选择和词义引申,定语从句的翻译技巧,前置法,适用于定语较短的情况,Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all the other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fantasies.,Even when homeless individuals manage to,find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day wondering the street.,定语从句翻译技巧,重复法,适用于定语较长的情况,Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of human brain by the year 2010,researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decade if not centuries.,重复法,because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from acheiving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.,定语从句翻译技巧,状译法,译成状语，前提是构成因果或其他关系,Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develops his or her capacity for approprite respnses will experience greater intellectual development,状译法,Creating a European identity(欧洲品牌)that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strtegic choice.,状译法,The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with theprocess of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.,状译法,For example,standardized tests do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underpreviledged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.,主语从句的翻译技巧,it 作形式主语+Ved 翻译成人们。,it is assumed,it is agreed,it 作形式主语+adj 翻译成。的是,it is obvious,it is significant,It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily,make distinctions,reason logically,and make use of verbal and mathmatical symbols in solving problems.,Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy if directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.,被动语态的翻译技巧,翻译成主动,The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of culture past and present,makes this study a unique abd distinctly important social science.,Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.,双重否定的翻译技巧,翻译成肯定,There exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.,Perhaps there is no one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning,代词的翻译,明确翻译出代词所指,Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.Two anthropologist-linguists,Franz Boas Edward Sapir,were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.We are obliged to,them,because some of,these,languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke,them,died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages,You have all heard it repeated that man of science work by means of induction and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from nature certain natural laws,and according to these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.,带than的句子翻译,More.than.,More A than B 翻译成是A而不是B,The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.,Less.than.,Less A than B 翻译成是B 而不是A，与其说是A，不如说是B,Science,in practice,depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.,Other than 和 rather than,Rather than 而不是,Children will play with dolls equipped with personality whips,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools.,other than 除了,Technically,any substance other than food that alters our body or mental functioning is a drug.,词义选择,be careful when you deal with him.He is a sophisticated man.,he is a sophisticated columnist,and is well-received by the reading public.,the American spacecraft carries highly sophisticated electronic devices.,词义引申,通过抽象化引申,they insist that international trade should not be a,one-way street.,they have their,tears and smiles.,通过具体化引申,the car in front of me stopped,and I missed,the green.,the,trouble,with copper is that it is not hard.,应对策略,1.要有意识地进行长句，复杂句式结构分析的,训练,2.积累词汇，特别要注意一词多义和一词多性,