动词的时态语态和主谓一致课件市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/10/3,#,第六讲 动词时态、语态和主谓一致,01,02,动词时态,普通现在时,|,普经过去时,|,普通未来时,|,过去未来时,|,现在完成时,|,过去完成时,|,现在完成进行时,|,现在进行时,|,过去进行时,动词语态,被动语态组成,|,被动语态基本使用方法,|,主动形式表示被动意义,I.,单句语法填空,|,II.,单句改错,|,III.,翻译句子,|,IV.,语法填空,|,V.,短文改错,主谓一致,语法一致标准,|,意义一致标准,|,就近一致标准,06,针对训练,03,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件第1页,第1页,动词时态,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第2页,第2页,一、普通现在时,普通现在时组成,。,普通现在时主要由动词原形表示，当主语是,第三人称单数,时，谓语普通由动词原形后,加,s,或,es,组成。其改变规则以下：,1,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第3页,第3页,一、普通现在时,普通现在时组成,。,1,情况,改变规则,例词,普通情况,直接加,-s,comecomes,playplays,结尾为,s,，,x,，,sh,，,ch,或,o,在词尾加,es,pass-passes,wash-washes fix-fixes,go-goes,结尾为“辅音字母,y”,变,y,为,i,再加,es,carry-carries cry-cries,study-studies worry-worries,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第4页,第4页,一、普通现在时,普通现在时使用方法,。,表示经常性、习惯性动作，句中惯用,often,，,usually,，,sometimes,，,every day,等时间状语。,2,He,goes,to school by bicycle every day.,他天天骑自行车去上学。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第5页,第5页,一、普通现在时,普通现在时使用方法,。,表示现在状态、特征、事实或客观真理。,2,The story,sounds,very interesting.,这个故事听起来很有趣。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第6页,第6页,一、普通现在时,普通现在时使用方法,。,表示现在状态、特征、事实或客观真理。,2,The story,sounds,very interesting.,这个故事听起来很有趣。,As we all know,，,objects,fall,to the ground because of gravity.,众所周知，因为重力物体下落。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第7页,第7页,一、普通现在时,普通现在时使用方法,。,在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用普通现在时表示未来。,2,When I,graduateIll go to the countryside.,毕业后我要去乡下。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第8页,第8页,一、普通现在时,普通现在时使用方法,。,表示按计划、要求将要发生动作，但限于少数动词，如：,begin,，,come,，,leave,，,go,，,arrive,，,start,，,stop,，,return,，,open,，,close,，,take off,等。,2,The meeting,begins,at seven.,会议将于七点开始。,The plane,takes,off at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.,飞机将在明天早上,6,点钟起飞。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第9页,第9页,二、普经过去时,普经过去时组成,。,1,情况,改变规则,例词,普通情况,在动词后加,ed,staystayed,expectexpected,以e结尾动词,后加,d,hopehoped,以“辅音字母y”结尾动词,变,y,为,i,再加,-ed,studystudied,carrycarried,重读闭音节中，词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,planplanned,preferpreferred,普经过去时由动词过去式表示，,规则动词,过去式普通由动词原形加,ed,组成，其改变规则以下：,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第10页第10页,二、普经过去时,普经过去时使用方法,。,2,表示在确定过去时间里所发生动作或存在状态。时间状语有：,yesterday,，,last week,，,an hour ago,，,the other day,，,in 1982,等。,He,finished,writing his novel last month.,他上个月写完了一部小说。,I,felt,very tired when I,got,home,，,and I,went,straight to bed.,我到家时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第11页,第11页,二、普经过去时,普经过去时使用方法,。,2,表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性动作。,When I was a child,，,I often,played,football in the street.,我是个孩子时候，常在马路上踢足球。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第12页,第12页,二、普经过去时,普经过去时使用方法,。,2,有些动作发生时间没有详细表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚才”发生，应使用普经过去时。,Your phone number again,？,I,didnt quite,catch it.,你再说一遍您电话号码，我刚才没有听清。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第13页,第13页,二、普经过去时,普经过去时使用方法,。,2,有表示过去一段时间内完成动作。,Mr.White,lived,in Paris for seven years,，,and he lives in Beijing now.,怀特先生在巴黎住过七年，他现在住在北京。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第14页,第14页,三、普通未来时,will/shall,动词原形,。,1,表示客观未来，常与表示未来时间状语连用。,shall,普通用于第一人称，,will,可用于各种人称。,My birthday is coming.I,shall be,18 years old.,我生日就要到了。我将要,18,岁了。,普通未来时表示,从现在看来将要发生,动作或状态。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第15页,第15页,三、普通未来时,will/shall,动词原形,。,1,will,还可表示说话时暂时做出决定。,What time is it?,I have no idea.But just a minute,，,I,will check,it for you.,几点了？,我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。,普通未来时表示,从现在看来将要发生,动作或状态。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第16页,第16页,三、普通未来时,be going to,动词原形,。,2,“be going to,动词原形”表示,按计划、打算,要做某事或依据,某种迹象,预示着要发生某事。,I,am going to,buy some books with my sister this afternoon.,我打算下午和姐姐去买些书。,Look at the clouds.It,is going to,rain.,看那些乌云。天要下雨了。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第17页,第17页,三、普通未来时,be to,动词原形，表示按计划进行动作或征求对方意见。,3,The boy,is to go,to school tomorrow.,男孩明天要去上学。,Are we to go,on with this work?,我们要继续这项工作吗？,名师指津,be to do,和,be going to do,区分,be to do,表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，,be going to do,表示主观打算或计划。,I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.,明天下午我去踢球。,(,客观安排,),Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.,明天下午我想去踢球。,(,主观想法,),动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第18页,第18页,四、过去未来时,过去未来时惯用表示法：,would/should,动词原形,。,1,表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生动作或存在状态。,I hoped that we,would meet,again someday.,我希望未来有一天我们能再见面。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第19页,第19页,四、过去未来时,过去未来时惯用表示法：,would/should,动词原形,。,1,表示过去某种习惯行为。,I,would swim,in the small river after school when I was a child.,我小时候放学后总是在这条小河里游泳。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第20页,第20页,四、过去未来时,过去未来时其它表示法,2,was/were going to do,表示过去打算和意图。,He,was going to start,work the following week.,他打算接下来那个星期开始工作。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第21页,第21页,四、过去未来时,过去未来时其它表示法,2,was/were to,动词原形。,这种结构通常指,过去计划、安排或注定要发生,事情。假如计划动作没有实现，要用动词完成式。,He said he,was to meet,his friend at the station at 4 pm.,他说他下午四点去车站接他朋友。,(,计划安排,),动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第22页,第22页,四、过去未来时,过去未来时其它表示法,2,was/were about to,动词原形。,这种结构表示过去即将发生事，,常与,when,连用,。,I,was about to go,out,when,someone called me.,我正要出门，这时有些人给我打电话。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第23页,第23页,五、现在完成时,表示到现在为止已发生或完成动作，其结果影响现在依然存在。有时与,just,，,already,，,yet,，,recently,，,before,，,twice,，,three times,等时间状语连用，常与非延续性动词连用。,1,I dont want to go to the cinema with you,，,because I,have seen,the film already.,我不想和你一起去看电影，因为我已经看过那部电影了。,现在完成时谓语组成：,have(has),过去分词,。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第24页,第24页,五、现在完成时,表示从过去某一时刻开始一直连续到现在动作或状态，常与“,since,时间点”、“,for,时间段”及,so far,，,up to now,，,till now,，,in the last/past few years,等时间状语连用。,2,The film,Wolf,Warrior,has received,good reviews since it came out last month.,电影战狼,自上个月上映以来取得了许多好评。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第25页,第25页,五、现在完成时,惯用现在完成时句型,3,It is the most instructive lecture that I,have attended,since I came to this school.,这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过最有教育意义讲座。,在“,It(This)is the best(worst,，,most interesting,等,),名词从句,”中，从句中谓语用现在完成时。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第26页,第26页,五、现在完成时,惯用现在完成时句型,3,It is the third time that you,have been,late for work this week,，,isnt it?,这已经是本周你第三次上班迟到了，不是吗？,在“,It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third.time,that,从句”中，,that,从句中谓语动词用现在完成时。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第27页,第27页,六、过去完成时,过去完成时组成为,had,done,。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成动作，即“,过去过去,”，句中有显著表示过去参考动作或时间状语。,1,By the time Jack returned home from England,，,his son,had graduated,from college.,杰克从英国回到家时，他儿子已经大学毕业了。,Tom was disappointed that most of the guests,had left,when he arrived at the party.,汤姆失望了，因为他抵达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第28页,第28页,六、过去完成时,动词,hope,，,expect,，,think,，,intend,，,mean,，,want,，,suppose,，,plan,用过去完成时，表示,未实现愿望、打算和意图,。,2,We,had hoped,that you would come,，,but you didnt.,那时我们希望你能来，不过你没有来。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第29页,第29页,六、过去完成时,惯用过去完成时句型,3,Hardly,had the speaker finished,his speech,when,the audience kept asking him questions.,演讲者一结束他讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。,“hardly(scarcely).when.,，,no sooner.than.”,句型结构中主句用过去完成时，从句用普经过去时，意思为“刚,就,”,。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第30页,第30页,六、过去完成时,惯用过去完成时句型,3,That was the second time that she,had seen,her grandfather.,这是她第二次看见她祖父了。,表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。,名师指津,两个动作如按次序发生，又不强调先后，或用,then,，,and,，,but,等连接时，多用普经过去时。,When she,saw,the mouse,，,she,screamed,.,她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。,My aunt,gave,me a hat and I,lost,it.,姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第31页,第31页,七、现在完成进行时,现在完成进行时组成为,have/has,been,doing,。表示过去动作连续到现在刚才结束或有可能延续下去，常和,for,，,since,引导时间状语连用。,1,Tom looks tired because he,has been cleaning,the house since 9 am.,汤姆看上去很累，因为他从早晨九点到现在一直在清扫房间了。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第32页,第32页,七、现在完成进行时,表示重复发生动作。,2,You,have been saying,you can succeed for five years.,五年来你一直在说你能成功。,表示某种感情色彩。,3,Too much,has been happening,today.,今天真是一个多事日子。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第33页,第33页,八、现在进行时,现在进行时组成,。,1,情况,改变规则,例词,普通情况,在词尾直接加,-ing,workworking,studystudying,以不发音e结尾动词,去,e,再加,-ing,havehaving,taketaking,以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母再加,ing,cutcutting,beginbeginning,以ie结尾动词,变,ie,为,y,再加,-ing,lielying diedying,现在进行时组成形式为：,am/is/are,v.ing,。,v.ing,形式改变规则以下：,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第34页,第34页,八、现在进行时,现在进行时使用方法,2,We,are waiting for,you at the airport.,我们正在机场等你。,表示现在,(,指说话人说话时,),正在发生事情。,Mr.Green,is writing,another novel these days.,这些天格林先生在写另一部小说。,(,说话时可能并未在写,),表示当前一段时间正在进行动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第35页,第35页,八、现在进行时,现在进行时使用方法,2,It,s getting,warmer and warmer.,天越来越暖和了。,表示逐步改变动作，这么动词有：,get,，,grow,，,become,，,turn,，,run,，,go,，,begin,等。,You,are always changing,your mind.,你老是改变主意。,与,always,，,constantly,，,forever,等词连用，表示重复发生动作或连续存在状态，往往带有说话人主观感情色彩动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第36页,第36页,八、现在进行时,现在进行时使用方法,2,名师指津,不用进行时动词,(1),表示事实状态动词和心理状态动词，如,belong,，,possess,，,owe,，,exist,，,include,，,contain,，,continue,，,know,，,realize,，,believe,，,suppose,，,imagine,，,agree,，,recognize,，,prefer,，,understand,等。,This house,belongs to,my sister.,这房子是我姐。,(2),系动词，如,seem,，,remain,lie,，,see,，,hear,，,smell,，,feel,，,taste,，,get,，,become,，,turn,等。,You,seem,a little tired.,你看上去有点累。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第37页,第37页,九、过去进行时,过去进行时表示,过去某时正在进行动作或存在状态,。惯用时间状语有：,at six this morning,，,the whole morning,，,all day yesterday,，,from nine to ten last evening,等。,I,was making,a modal plane at nine yesterday evening.,我昨天晚上九点正在制作模型飞机。,1,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第38页,第38页,九、过去进行时,过去进行时另一个主要使用方法是描述一件事发生背景；一个长动作延续时候，另一个短动作发生，惯用于,when,和,while,引导时间状语从句。,My brother fell while he,was riding,his bicycle and hurt himself.,我哥哥骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。,2,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第39页,第39页,动词语态,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第40页,第40页,一、被动语态组成,被动语态由,“,助动词,be,及物动词过去分词,”,组成，,be,动词有些人称、数和时态改变。被动语态常见时态改变,(,以动词,build,为例,),列表以下：,状态,时间,普通,进行,完成,现在,am/is/are built,am/is/are being built,has/have been built,过去,was/were built,was/were being built,had been built,未来,shall/will be built,shall/will have been built,过去未来,should/would be built,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第41页,第41页,一、部分倒装,The window is dirty.It,hasnt been cleaned,for weeks.,窗户脏了。已经好几周没擦了。,All the employees,are encouraged,to work online at home.,全部雇员都被勉励在家网上办公。,The number of deaths from heart disease,will be reduced,greatly if people eat healthily.,假如人们能健康地饮食，那么死于心脏病人数将大大降低。,名师指津,含有情态动词被动语态组成：,情态动词,be,过去分词,The boxes,must be moved,into the house before it rains.,这些箱子必须在下雨前搬到房间里去。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第42页,第42页,二、被动语态基本使用方法,不知道谁是动作执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作执行者。,This jacket,is made,of cotton.,这件上衣是棉料。,1,为了强调或突出动作承受者或事件本身。,Visitors,are requested,not to touch the exhibits.,要求参观者不可触摸展品。,2,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第43页,第43页,二、被动语态基本使用方法,用在科技文件或新闻报道中。,Cars of this kind,were made,in the 1980s.,这种小汽车是二十世纪,80,年代制造。,3,名师指津,get,过去分词能够表示被动,，此结构比较口语化。,The patient,got treated,once a week.,那位病人一周得到一次治疗。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第44页,第44页,三、主动形式表示被动意义,系动词,(look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear,等,),形容词或名词。,The dish,tastes,good.,这菜味道不错。,1,表示开始、结束、运动动词,(begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,shut,，,move,run,等,),。,The store,closes,at 6,：,00 p,m.every day.,商店天天下午六点关门。,2,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第45页,第45页,三、主动形式表示被动意义,表示主语特点或特征动词,(read,write,sell,，,wash,wear,cut,lock,act,draw,drive,drink,eat,clean,等,),。,Books of this kind,sell,well.,这类书很畅销。,The pen,writes,smoothly.,这支钢笔写起来很流畅。,3,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第46页,第46页,主谓一致,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第47页,第47页,主谓一致,主谓一致是指,谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,，普通遵照三个标准，即,语法一致标准,、,意义一致标准,和,就近一致标准,。做题时还要注意时态及其它语法及词义正确性。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第48页,第48页,一、语法一致标准,动名词,、,动词不定式,、,不定代词,作主语时，谓语动词惯用,单数,。,1,Listening to music,makes,me relaxed after a busy day.,听音乐使我在一天忙碌之后得到了放松。,To love and to be loved,is,the greatest happiness in the world.,爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大幸福。,Everything,is,in a complete mess,which drives people crazy.,全部事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第49页,第49页,一、语法一致标准,主语后跟有,with,，,together with,，,as well as,，,like,，,but,，,except,，,along with,，,rather than,，,including,，,in addition to,等引发短语时，谓语动词数要与前面主语保持一致。,2,Mr.Smith,，,together with his wife and daughters,，,is,going to visit Beijing this summer.,史密斯先生和他妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。,I think Tom,，,rather than you,is,to blame for the accident.,我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第50页,第50页,一、语法一致标准,由“,kind,，,type,，,sort,，,a quantity ofquantities of”,等修饰主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词单复数。,3,This new type of buses,is,now on show.,这种新型公共汽车现在正在展出。,With more and more forests being destroyed,，,a large quantity of good earth,is,being washed away each year.,With more and more forests being destroyed,，,quantities of good earth,are,being washed away each year.,伴随越来越多森林被砍伐，每年有大量沃土被冲走。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第51页,第51页,一、语法一致标准,“,more than one/many a,单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；,each,，,every,，,no,所修饰名词作主语时，即使有,and,连接，谓语动词仍用单数。,4,More than one person,is,involved in this.,与此事有牵连不止一个人。,Every boy and every girl,wishes,to attend the party to be held on Sunday.,每个男生和女生都希望参加周日即将举行聚会。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第52页,第52页,二、意义一致标准,集体名词,作主语时，若被看作一个,整体,，谓语动词用,单数,形式；若被看作是组成集体一个个,组员,，谓语动词用,复数,形式。常见集体名词有：,family,，,class,，,team,，,group,，,public,，,committee,，,government,，,audience,等。,1,意义一致标准,指不论主语形式是单数还是复数，主语意义决定了谓语动词单复数,。,The class,consists,of 25 boys and 20 girls.,这个班由,25,个男生和,20,个女生组成。,The class,are,doing experiments.,全班学生都在做试验。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第53页,第53页,二、意义一致标准,the rest of.,，,the remaining/part.,主语,，谓语动词应依据句子所表示单复数意义而定。,2,The factory used three fifths of the raw materials,，,the rest of which,were,saved for other purposes.,工厂用了这种原材料五分之三，剩下部分节约出来作为他用。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第54页,第54页,二、意义一致标准,分数、百分数,指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词单复数取决于它们所表示意义。,3,About 50%of the land,is,suitable to grow plants.,大约,50%,土地适合种植物。,About 80%of the people in the city,object,to the price of running water going up.,这个城市中大约,80%,人反对自来水价格上调。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第55页,第55页,二、意义一致标准,单复数同形名词作主语情况。,单复数同形名词,，如,means,，,works,，,sheep,，,deercrossroads,，,series,等作主语时，谓语动词单复数依据详细情况而定。,4,There,are,various means of communicating with a stranger.,同陌生人交流有很多不一样方法。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第56页,第56页,二、意义一致标准,从句作主语情况。,从句作主语,时，谓语动词普通用,单数,形式，但,what,引导从句作主语时，谓语动词要依据从句意义决定。,5,That Jack has gone abroad,makes,us all surprised.,杰克出国了，这使我们都很诧异。,What he says and acts,do,not agree.,他言行不一致。,(,指他说话和他做事，是复数概念,),动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第57页,第57页,三、就近一致标准,由,or,，,either.or.,，,neither.nor.,，,not only.but also.,等连接并列主语，谓语动词常与最近主语在单复数上保持一致。,1,Either you or one of your students,is,to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.,要么是你或者你一名学生应该出席明天会议。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第58页,第58页,三、就近一致标准,由,there,，,here,引发主语不止一个时，谓语动词数通常和最邻近主语保持一致。,2,There,is,a dog and two cats at the door.,门口有一条狗和两只猫。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第59页,第59页,三、就近一致标准,分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词单复数取决于它们所表示意义。,3,The factory used three fifths of the raw materials,，,the rest of which,were,saved for other purposes.,工厂用了这种原材料五分之三，剩下部分节约出来作为他用。,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第60页,第60页,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第61页,第61页,.,单句语法填空,1,Later,engineers _(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(,隧道,),which became known as the Tube.(,全国卷,),2,When fat and salt _(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.(,全国卷,),3,Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.(,全国卷,),4,Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(,全国卷,),5,Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.(,全国卷,),managed,are removed,is,be made,were,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第62页,第62页,.,单句语法填空,6,Mr.Green as well as his children _(go)to the park every Sunday.,7,What her father left her _(be)only some books.,8,My hobby is widespread,，,which _(include)drawing,，,collecting stamps and so on.,9,Now Professor Smith,，,along with his assistants,，,_(be)working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.,10,Between the two rows of trees _(stand)the teaching building.,goes,are,includes,is,stands,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第63页,第63页,.,单句语法填空,11,I _(intend)to call on you,，,but I had an unexpected visitor.,12,The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _(reward)with success in the end.,13,This is because two thirds of the earths surface _(be)made up of vast oceans.,14,Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.,15,Not only I but also Jane and Mary _(be)tired of having one examination after another.,had intended,will be rewarded,is,wears,are,动词时态语态和主谓一致课件,第64页,第64页,.,单句语法填空,16,We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,，,but for the week after.,17,If it _(turn)cold again,，,theyll dive back down.But they come out again if it is warm.,18,It is th