英国文学史第一讲学习教案.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,A Brief Outline of British Literature,I.The early and Medieval literature,1.The Old English Period(449-1066)2.The Middle English Period(1066-1485),II.The English Renaissance(1485-1660),III.The 17,th,century(1603-1688),IV.The 18th Century(1688-1798),V.The Age of Romanticism(1798-1832),第1页/共18页,第一页，共19页。,VI.The Victorian Age(1832-1901),VII.The 20,th,century(1901-),第2页/共18页,第二页，共19页。,definition of literature,Literature refers to All written or spoken compositions(discourses)designed,to tell stories,dramatize situations and reveal thoughts and emotions,and also more importantly,to interest,entertain,stimulate,broaden and ennoble readers,.,第3页/共18页,第三页，共19页。,What to learn in this course,?,1.,historical and cultural background,2.,life story of the masters,3.,masterpieces introduction and features,4.,some important literary terms and their meanings.,第4页/共18页,第四页，共19页。,The Middle Ages lasted from the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon invasion(449),to,the end of the Wars of Roses(1485).It can be further divided into two periods:the Old English Period(449-1066)and the Middle English Period(1066-1485)We can say English literature actually began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain in the middle of the 5th century.,玫瑰战争:1455年至1485年其间(qjin)，兰开斯特家族(House of Lancaster)和约克家族(House of York)的支持者为了英格兰王位而发生断续的内战，史称玫瑰战争(Wars of the Roses)，或蔷薇战争。两个家族都是金雀花王朝皇族的分支，为英王爱德华三世的后裔。“玫瑰战争”一名源于两个皇族所选的家徽，兰开斯特的红玫瑰和约克的白玫瑰。,第5页/共18页,第五页，共19页。,Lecture one:The Old English Period,The History Background,The Making of the Nation,1.The early inhabitants in the island we now call England were Britons,a tribe of Celts,which was primitive people,living in tribal society.From the Britons the island got its name of Britain,the land of Britons.,2.The Roman ConquestIn 55 B.C.,Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar(凯撒大帝(ki s d d)the Roman conqueror.In 410 A.D.,all the Roman troops went back,to,the continent and never returned.Thus ended the Roman occupation in Britain,which lasted for about 400 years.,famous words:“I came,I saw,I conquered.”,第6页/共18页,第六页，共19页。,3.,The English Conquest,The three Germanic tribes-Angles,Saxons and Jutes conquered Britain and settled down there in the 5,th,century.,By,the 7,th,century,seven kingdoms,heptarchy a united kingdom:,“England”,“the land of Angles”.,Angles,Saxons and Jutes usually known as,Anglo-Saxons,are,the first Englishmen,.Language spoken by them is called,the old English,which is the foundation of English language and literature.,4.,The Danish Invasion,About 787,the English began to be troubled by bands of,Danish vikings,.At first they just invaded parts of the country from time to time.Gradually they came to make permanent settlement.,The great hero of the time was,King Alfred the Great,(849-901),who succeeded in driving off the Danes.After his death,the Danes occupied England in,1013,and held it for about,30,years.,第7页/共18页,第七页，共19页。,Three tribes:,Angles in the east;,Jutes in the southeast;,Saxons in the south,第8页/共18页,第八页，共19页。,5.,The Norman Conquest,Frech-speaking,Normans,under the leadership of,William,Duke of Normandy,came in,1066,.After defeating the English at,Hastings,William was crowned as the King of England.The Norman Conquest marks the,establishment,of,feudalism,in England.,第9页/共18页,第九页，共19页。,The Old English Literature,The general view:,English literature actually began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Anglo-Saxons were,heathen,people.They believed in,old mythology,of Northern Europe.That is why the Northern mythology has left its mark upon the English language.In the,7,th,century,Anglo-Saxons were,Christianized,.,The literature of this period falls naturally into two divisions:,pagan,and,religious,.And the main literary forms are,poetry,and,prose,.,第10页/共18页,第十页，共19页。,poetry:,pagan,and,religious,1.pagan poetry,Beowulf:the national epic of the English people(英国(yn u)的民族史诗),3182 lines,unknown composer,Definition of epic:an extened narrative poem in elevated or dignified language,celebrating the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes.Eg.Homers Iliad&Odyssey,第11页/共18页,第十一页，共19页。,Prototype:folk legends of primitive Northern tribes living in impenetrable forests,they had to fight against beasts.They were brave but superstitious.,Story,:,fighting with the,monster,Grendel and his mother,fighting with the fire dragon and his death,第12页/共18页,第十二页，共19页。,Writing Features,:,It is not a Christian but,a pagan poem,despite the Christian flavor given to it by the monastery scribe.It is the product of all advanced pagan civilization.The whole poem presents us an all-round picture of the tribal society.The social conditions and customs can be seen in it.So the poem has a great social significance.,The use of the strong stress and the predominance of consonants,are very notable in this poem.Each line is divided into two halves,and each half has two heavy stresses.,The use of the,alliteration,is another notable feature.Three stresses of the whole line are made even more emphatic by the use of alliteration.,A lot of,metaphors,and,understatements,are used in the poem.For example,the sea is called the whale-road or the swan road;the soldiers are called shield-man;the chieftains are called the treasure keepers;human-body is referred to as the bone-house;God is called wonder-wielder;monster is referred to as soul-destroyer.,第13页/共18页,第十三页，共19页。,Alliteration,Also known as,initial rhyme,or,head rhyme,is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables.,Eg,.,Of men he was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest,keenest to praise,.,(In alliterative verse,certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound.There are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.),第14页/共18页,第十四页，共19页。,metaphors&understatements:,eg.,king=“Ring-giver”,“Not troublesome”=very welcome,attendant=“hearth-companions”,“Need not praise”=right,to,condemn,sea=“swans bath”&“whales road”,ship=“sea-wood”All these bring an impression of reserve and a tinge of ironical humor which has become permanent characteristics of the English.谨慎(jnshn)客气 讽刺幽默,第15页/共18页,第十五页，共19页。,2.Religious Poetry,Caedmon,:the first known religious poet of England and the father of English song.,Cynewulf,Prose,1.Venerable Bede,2.Alfred the Great,第16页/共18页,第十六页，共19页。,Literary Traits,Anglo-Saxon literature,that is,the Old English literature is at most exclusively,a verse literature in oral form,.It could be passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation.Its,creator,for the most part is,unknown,.It was only given a written form long after its composition.,There were two groups of English poetry in Anglo-Saxon period.The first group was the,pagan,poetry represented by,Beowulf,the second was the,religious,poetry represented by the works of,Caedmon,and,Cynewulf,.,In,the 8th century,Anglo-Saxon prose appeared.The famous,prose,writers of that period were,Venerable Bede,and,Alfred the Great,.,第17页/共18页,第十七页，共19页。,感谢您的观看(gunkn)！,第18页/共18页,第十八页，共19页。,内容(nirng)总结,A Brief Outline of British Literature。两个家族都是金雀花王朝(wngcho)皇族的分支，为英王爱德华三世的后裔。感谢您的观看,第十九页，共19页。,