英语语法词性和句子成分学习教案.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,会计学,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,会计学,1,英语语法词性(cxng)和句子成分,第一页，共34页。,一、词性(cxng)的分类,第1页/共33页,第二页，共34页。,一、词性(cxng)的分类,词类(cli)又叫词性（part of speech），英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。1 名词(mng c)noun n.,2 代词 pronoun pron.,3 形容词 adjective adj.,4 副词 adverb adv.,5 动词 verb v.,6 数词 numeral num.7 冠词 article art.,8 介词 preposition prep.,9 连词 conjunction conj.,10 感叹词 interjection interj.,第2页/共33页,第三页，共34页。,其他词性缩写(suxi),c=可数名词，countable noun的缩写(suxi),u=不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写(suxi),pl=复数，plural的缩写(suxi),vi=不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写(suxi),vt=及物动词，transitive verb的缩写(suxi),第3页/共33页,第四页，共34页。,you 你,happy 高兴的,three 三 quickly 迅速地 student 学生(xu sheng),cut 砍、割,a 一个,at 在.and 和,oh 哦,pron.,adj.,num.,adv.n.,v.,art.,prep.conj.,interj.(,感叹词,),Ex.Write down the part of speech of the following words:,第4页/共33页,第五页，共34页。,十大词类(cli),名词-表示人或事物的名称,形容词-表示人或事物的特征,副词-修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词,动词-表示动作或状态,代词-代替名词、数词,数词-表示数量或顺序,冠词-限制名词的意义,介词-表示名词、代词和其他词的关系,连词-连接词与词或句与句,第5页/共33页,第六页，共34页。,二、英语(yn y)句子成分,第6页/共33页,第七页，共34页。,（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示(biosh)句子所说的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”,1.We often speak English in class.,2.Smoking does harm to the health.,3.The rich should help the poor.,4.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,主语(zhy)的位置是？,1.一般位于句首或谓语(wiy)之前。,第7页/共33页,第八页，共34页。,Is your father a lawyer or a doctor?,Has she got a big flat?,Shall we have a swim with your friends?,2.疑问句的主语(zhy)在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,Sit down,please.,Come in,please.,3.祈使句中主语(zhy)常省略,第8页/共33页,第九页，共34页。,Gone,are the days when farmers live in the poor houses.,No sooner,had she given him a welcome,than,she went in to prepare him a meal.,Only,in this way can we solve the problem.,There is a clock on the wall.,Once there lived a king called Lear.,There goes the bell!,倒装句的主语在系动词(dngc)、助动词(dngc)、情态动词(dngc)之后,There be结构中主语在be动词(dngc)之后,第9页/共33页,第十页，共34页。,（名词(mng c)）,（代词(dic)）,（数词(shc)）,（动名词）,（从句）,1.One-third is produced,.,2.,Running,does good to the health.,3.,When we are going to have an English test,has not been decided.,4.During the 1990s,American,country music,has become more and more popular.,5.,To swim,in the river is a great pleasure.,6.,The rich,should help the poor.,7.,It,is necessary,to master a foreign language,.,8.,We,often speak English in class.,（不定式）,（名词化的形容词）,（,it,作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,第10页/共33页,第十一页，共34页。,1.Honest is a fine quality of human beings and therefore we should not tell lies.,2.Help others is to help ourselves.,3.Do a lot of housework day and night made Catherine become weaker and weaker.,4.Liuxiang got the first place in the 2004 Olympic Games shocked people all over the world.,5.In my opinion,visit universities is just a popular culture.,单句(dnj)改错（只有一处错误）。,第11页/共33页,第十二页，共34页。,（二）谓语：,1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。,He practices running every morning.,She takes good care of her sick mother.,2、复合(fh)谓语：,（1）情态动词+动词原形。,He can speak French very fluently.,She doesnt seem,to,like dancing.,（2）系动词+表语。,The film is interesting.,He looked a bit excited.,第12页/共33页,第十三页，共34页。,6.It is warm here all the year round because Guangzhou located in the middle of Guangdong province.,7.To get prepared for the Asian Games,Guangzhou built 82 sports courts so far.,8.It not only have a lot of high-rise building,but is also famous for the scenic spots.,9.Can it attracts the tourists from home and abroad?,单句(dnj)改错（只有一处错误）。,第13页/共33页,第十四页，共34页。,（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象(duxing)或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。,1.They went,to,see an exhibition yesterday.,2.Please take them,to,the waiting room.,3.I have three.,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,5.He pretended not,to,see me.,6.Mary enjoys playing the piano.,7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（名词(mng c)）,（代词(dic)）,（数词）,（名词化形容词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（从句）,第14页/共33页,第十五页，共34页。,（1）双宾语（间接(jin ji)宾语+直接宾语）,Lend me your dictionary,please.,（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）,They elected him their monitor.,We consider the answer wrong.,第15页/共33页,第十六页，共34页。,（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(dngc)之后。,1.Yang Liwei is an astronaut.,2.Thats all I want,to,tell you.,3.Three times four is twelve.,4.The weather has turned warm.,5.The speech is exciting and the students are excited.,6.His hobby is playing football.7.My job is,to,teach English.,8.Our teacher isnt in.He is out.,9.He is in good health.,10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.,第16页/共33页,第十七页，共34页。,系动词：,描述稳定状态：be,描述变化或结果：get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall,描述表象或感官(gngun)效果：look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持续状态：keep,stay,remain,第17页/共33页,第十八页，共34页。,（五）定语(dngy)：起修饰作用，翻译成“的”,1.He is a clever boy.,2.Your hair needs cutting.,3.Theres only one way,to,do it.,4.There is a baby girl.,5.We can not use sleeping pills at random.,6.The retired worker find life boring.,7.Thats the way,to,do it.,8.This is a map of China.,9.Can you help me,toclean the room above.,10.The car thats parked outside is mine.,第18页/共33页,第十九页，共34页。,状语(副词(fc)的位置：,1.She speaks French fluently.,2.I usually eat breakfast at home.,3.You neednt always help me.,4.He is always complaining.,5.The local people are very kind,to,the visitors.,6.The room is big enough,to,hold 80 people.,7.He never studies.Instead,he plays all day.,谓语(wiy)(+宾语)后,频度副词位于被修饰(xish)动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。,被修饰词前,(enough,特殊,),修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首,（六）状语：,修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,第19页/共33页,第二十页，共34页。,1.How about meeting again,at six,?,2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of the rain,.,3.I shall go there,if it doesnt rain,.,4.Mr.Smith lives,on the third floor,.,5.She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,（时间(shjin)状语）,（原因(yunyn)状语）,（条件(tiojin)状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,状语的种类：,第20页/共33页,第二十一页，共34页。,6.She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,7.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.,8.He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,9.She works very hard,though she is old,.,10.I am taller,than he is,.,（伴随(bn su)状语）,（目的(md)状语）,（结果(ji gu)状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,第21页/共33页,第二十二页，共34页。,（七）补足语：,宾语补足语:补充说明(shumng)宾语，使句意完整。,1.His father named him Dongming.,2.They painted their boat white.,3.Please let him in.,4.The teacher advised the students,to,have a rest.,5.I see her entering a supermarket.,6.He just had his hair cut.,第22页/共33页,第二十三页，共34页。,划分句子(j zi)成份,1.,The machine,runs,smoothly,.,2.,Why he did it,will remain,a puzzle,forever,.,3.,They,have set up,a network,of financial advice centre,.,4.,Mr.Chen,the director of Grade 3,is known,for his humor.,5.,The man,went to,the shop,with all the money,he had.,第23页/共33页,第二十四页，共34页。,6.,He,left,here,at six,in the morning,in order to catch the plane,.,7.,Our English teacher,Ms Wang,is,very,kind to us,.,8.,To our surprise,he,has changed,greatly,.,9.,It,is not,a good idea,to drive for four hours,without a break,.,10.,She,was,the second,to enter the reading room,.,第24页/共33页,第二十五页，共34页。,11.,His hair,has turned,gray,and,lines,have appeared,on his face,.,12.,She,is looking into,the box,.,13.,Mr.Wu,told,us,a funny story,yesterday,.,14.,He,bought,me,a pen,.,15.,We,made,him,our monitor,.,16.,He,asked,me,to help him out of the deb,t.,第25页/共33页,第二十六页，共34页。,三、句子(j zi)类型,按结构(jigu)分,1、简单句,2、并列句,3、复合句,第26页/共33页,第二十七页，共34页。,简单句:由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语(wiy)（或并列谓语(wiy)）构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。,All roads lead,to,Rome.,1、一个(y)主语和一个(y)谓语动词,The teacher and the children are playing.,2、并列主语和一个(y)谓语动词,He got up,dressed quickly,washed himself and went out.,3、一个(y)主语和并列谓语,Tom and Mary came and gave me a present.,4、并列主语和并列谓语,第27页/共33页,第二十八页，共34页。,I.简单句的五种基本句型,1、主语+不及物动词：,We work.,2、主语+系动词+表语：,He is a student.,3、主语+及物动词+宾语：,4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接(zhji)宾语),5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补),第28页/共33页,第二十九页，共34页。,判断下列(xili)简单句的类型,(1)The problem is hard,to,solve.,(2)The pen writes smoothly.,(3)I showed him my old pictures.,(4)Barking dogs seldom bite.,(5)We enjoy ourselves this New Years Day this year.,(6)Helens face turned red.,(7)He admits his mistakes.,(8)Mother cooked me a delicious meal.,(9)I saw a cat running across the road.,(10)New methods make the job easy.,第29页/共33页,第三十页，共34页。,Ex.判断下列(xili)句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：,1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.,2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.,3.There is a chair in this room.,4.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,简单句,复合句,简单句,并列句,6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.,7.What he said at the meeting is very important.,9.The farmer is showing the boy some flowers.,10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,复合句,复合句,简单句,简单句,第30页/共33页,第三十一页，共34页。,听歌学英文,第31页/共33页,第三十二页，共34页。,“,Im a big big girl in a big big world,Its not a big big thing if you leave me.,But I do feel that I do will miss you much.”,I can see the first leaf falling.,Its all yellow and nice.,Its so very cold outside like the way Im feeling inside.,Outside its now raining and tears are falling from my eyes.,why did it have to happen?,Why did it all have to end?,I have your arms around me wooh like fire.,But when I open my eyes,youre gone.,第32页/共33页,第三十三页，共34页。,内容(nirng)总结,会计学。prep.conj.。There be结构中主语在be动词之后。（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。1、一个(y)主语和一个(y)谓语动词。4、并列主语和并列谓语。听歌学英文,第三十四页，共34页。,