模拟集成电路的分析与设计：Chapter 1-Introduction.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Introduction of this course,Course Name,:,Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits,Introduction of this course,Text book(,英文版教材）,:,1,、,Behzad Razavi,模拟,CMOS,集成电路设计（影印版），清华大学出版社，,2005,。,中文翻译教材,:,1,、模拟,CMOS,集成电路设计,作者：毕查德,拉扎维，译：陈贵灿、程军、张瑞智,出版社：西安交通大学出版社，,2003,。,Main reference book,（参考书）,:,1,、,CMOS,模拟集成电路设计（第二版）,作者：,phillip E.Allen,Douglas R.Holberg,译：冯军、李智群,出版社：电子工业出版社，,2005,。,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(1),1.Processing of Natural Signals,Natural signals are analog,while many signals we used are digital,So we need ADC to convert an analog signal to digital signal and then use DSP to process the digital signal.,Fig.1.1a Digitization of a natural signals,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(2),1.Processing of Natural Signals,Well some times,the natural signals are very small,or there exist many interferers(,干扰）,.In this case,the small signal cannot be converted directly into digital correctly.Therefore,an amplifier(,放大器）,and a filter(,滤波器）,are needed before converting.,Fig.1.1b Addition of amplification and filtering for higher sensitivity(,灵敏度）,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(3),2.Digital communications,A digital signal through a long cable will be attentuated and distorted.,Multi-level signal processing maybe needed to reduce the required transmission bandwidth(,传输带宽）,Need a DAC in the transmitter to produce multiple levels from the grouped binary data and an ADC in the receiver to determine which level has been transmitted.,Fig.1.2 Attentuation,（衰减）,and Distortion,（失真）,of data through a lossy cable,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(4),Fig.1.3 Multi-level signaling to reduce the bandwidth,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(5),3.Disk Drive Electronics,The signal received from the magnetic head is really weak and the noise is quite high.,Just like Fig.1.1b,there needs amplification,filtering and ADC for further processing.,Fig.1.4 Data stored in and received from a hard disk,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(6),3.Wireless Receivers,A radio-frequency(RF,射频,)signal received by a cell phone,（手机）,is usually only a few microvolts and its center frequency is usually 1Ghz or higher,while the value of the interferers are higher.,Therefore,a high frequency of amplifier and filter are needed.,Fig.1.5 Signal and interferers received by the antenna of a wireless receiver.,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(7),4.Optical Receivers,High frequency signals are not suitable for transmitting over long distance in the traditional cable due to the severe interference and considerable attenuation because of the limited bandwidth of the cable.,In this case,the electrical high frequency signals are converted into the optical signals first by the laser diode,then these optic signals are transmitted by an optical fiber,which has extremely wide band and very low loss.,In the other end,the optical signals are converted into electrical signals again by the photodiode.,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(8),Since the electrical current converted by a photodiode is very small,the receiver after the photodiode must process a low-level signal at a very high speed,which requires a low noise,broadband circuit design.,Fig.1.6 Optical fiber system,Introduction to Analog Design,Why analog?(9),5.Smart sensors,When the car hits an obstacle,the drop in the speed is measured as acceleration.If this acceleration exceeds a certain threshold,the air bag will be released.,Since the change of the capacitance is quite small,the electrical signal received is very weak and the there exist large interference,hence the amplification,filtering and ADC are needed to handle these small signals properly.,Fig.1.7 Differential accelerometer used in the ABS(,安全气囊）,system of a car.,Introduction to Analog Design,Why CMOS(1)?,CMOS is widely used in digital circuit design due to its,low power,and,low fabrication cost,.,In the old age,bipolar is often used in the analog circuit design because the speed of the CMOS is not high enough.,After scaling down again and again,the speed of CMOS is greatly increased.Nowadays,it is comparable with BIP.,Introduction to Analog Design,Why CMOS(2)?,Combining with other advantages,it is time for CMOS to replace bipolar in the analog IC design.,The most important force to apply CMOS technology to analog design is the possibility of placing both analog and digital circuits on the same chip so as to improve the overall performance and reduce the cost of packaging.,This is often called as,mixed IC design,which is very hot in IC design nowadays.,Introduction to Analog Design,Level of abstraction,Fig.1.8 Abstraction levels in circuit design,数模混合,IC,设计实例（,1,）,采用硅微机械加工技术的植入式记录电极及其在大鼠体内的记录结果,植入生物体的微电子电路在临床上已广泛应用于心率调节、人工耳蜗、人工视网膜修复、泌尿控制与功能性神经肌肉电刺激、以及癫痫和脊柱损伤等康复医疗中。,无线植入式神经信号采集系统,神经信号记录电极,2.,体内至体外无线数据传送通路,1.,体外至体内的无线能量及控制数据传送通路,数模混合,IC,设计实例（,2,）,数模混合,IC,设计实例（,3,）,新型,8,通道低噪声神经信号前端放大芯片,8,通道前端芯片关键指标,工艺,0.35,m CMOS process,带内等效输入噪声,2.602 Vrms,总面积,1700,m,2479,m,通道增益,46.38dB 5kHz,电源,5V,低频截止点,8.2 Hz,功耗,/CH,39.79uA/CH,高频截止点,10.71K Hz,THD(1%),8.1mV,共模抑制比,70 dB,8,通道前端芯片版图,数模混合,IC,设计实例（,4,）,低功耗,12,位差分,SAR A/D,ADC,电路框图,ADC,芯片照片,ADC,芯片关键指标,工艺,0.35,m CMOS process,信噪失真比,58.3dB 1.253kHz,分辨率,12bit,无杂散动态范围,72.6dB 1.253kHz,采样速度,20KS/s,有效位,9.4bits,电源,3.3V,微分非线性,2.2LSB,输入幅度,2Vpp differential,积分非线性,2.5LSB,数模混合,IC,设计实例（,5,）,433,M,Class E,功率放大器,433M Class E,功率放大器版图,主要参数,结果,工艺最小尺寸,/VDD,0.18um/1.8V,芯片面积,(mm,2,),1.4*1.4,功耗,(mW),12,S11,（,dB,）,-11,S22,（,dB,）,-15,功率增益（,dB,）,11.8,附加功率效率（,PAE,）,38%,Materials provided in this Lecture(1),Introduction,Basic MOS Device Physics,（基本,MOS,器件物理）,Single-Stage Amplifiers (,单级放大器）,Differential Amplifiers,（差分放大器）,Current Mirrors,（电流镜）,Frequency Response of Amplifiers,（放大器频率响应）,Noise,（放大器噪声）,Feedback,（放大器反馈）,Operational Amplifier,（运算放大器）,Stability and Frequency Compensation,（稳定性与频率补偿）,Bandgap References,（带隙基准源）,Oscillators,VCO,（振荡器，压控振荡器）,Phase-Locked Loops,（锁相环）,Introduction to Analog Design,Questions for chapter 1,:,Why analog design needed in Processing Natural Signals?,Why analog design needed in Digital Communications?,Why analog design needed in Disk Drive Electronics?,Why analog design needed in Wireless Receivers?,Why analog design needed in Optical Receivers?,Why analog design needed in Smart Sensors?,Why CMOS?,