专四语法专题教学内容.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,TEM-4,语法复习专题,TEM-4,考试大纲,英语语法点概述,常考语法点分析,读题,-,审题,-,解题,III、语言知识（Part III：Language Knowledge）,1、测试要求,（a）掌握并能正确运用基本语法和句法。,（b）掌握认知词汇（5500-6000），并且能正确，熟练地运用其中的3000-4000个单词及其最基本的搭配。,（c）考试时间10分钟,2、测试形式：,本部分采用多项选择题。共20道题，每题有四个选择项。题目中约50%为词汇，词组和短语用法题，其余为语法和句法题。,3、测试目的：,测试学生掌握词汇，短语，及基本语法，句法概念的熟练程度。,英语专业四级（,TEM-4,）,考试大纲,常考语法点分析,-,词法,名词（复合名词复数与双重属格）,代词（数、性、人称）,限定词（排位、与三类名词搭配）,副词（语法功能、评注性状语）,动词（动静态、情态动词）,非谓语动词（独立主格、逻辑主语、主动表被动）,一、名 词,复合名词的复数,1.There has been an increasing number of _ in primary schools in the past few years.(2016-16),A.man teacherB.men teacherC.man teachersD.men teachers,复合名词的复数形式：,1,）中间没有连字符的复合名词变复数，通常最后一个词变复数：,handbooks,，,bookstores,；,由,man,和,woman,构成的复合名词变复数，两个词均要变为复数,：,men servants,，,women writers,等,2,）连字符连接的复合名词，一般把中心或主要名词变复数，,editors-in-chief,，,sons-in-law,，,movie-lovers,；没有主要名词时，最后一个词变复数：,film-goers,（爱看电影的人）,3,）部分词两者均可：,consuls generalconsul generals,（总领事）,复合名词的复数，双重属格,P57,2.I cant put up with _.,（,2016-15,）,A.that friend of youB.that friend of yours,C.the friend of youD.the friend of yours,名词双重属格,名词双重属格：（,P57,）,即带有独立属格的,of,词组：,a friend,of the doctors,.,独立属格即省略名词属格中心词的属格结构：,her memory is like,an elephants,，类似于名词性物主代词用法：,yours,hers,表部分：,a friend of my fathers=one of my fathers friends,；,a friend of,a,doctors,（,#,）（介词,of,宾语必须特指）,a cover of the,book,s,（,#,）（,介词,of,宾语一般指人,）,the,daughter of Mr Greens,（,#,）（双重属格修饰的名词可带,a,，,any,，,some,等非确定特指的限定词，通常不带定冠词,the,）,表感情色彩，与,this,和,that,等指示限定词连用：,this brilliant idea of his,；,that clever comment of your fathers,-Who told you that?,-A friend of your fathers.,-If he says such things,he is not a friend of my father.,二、代 词,代词及其先行项的,数、性、人称,的一致（,P86-93,P316,）,1.,Nobody heard him sing,_?（,2016-14,P316,）,A.did oneB.did heC.didnt they,D,.,did they,2.When one has good health,，,_ should feel fortunate.,(2010-16;2015-19),A.youB.theyC.heD.we,语法一致原则和意义一致原则,先行项为,everyone,everybody,no one,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,等复合词时，,通常,按照用语法一致，采用单数形式。,Everybody talked at the top of his voice,非正式语体,，也可根据意义一致原则采用复数代词；,尤其,为,everyone,，,everybody,时，采用复数代词比较自然。,Everyone was clapping their hands,三、限 定 词,限定词与三类名的词搭配，及限定词排位（,P60-65,）,1.Which of the following is INCORRECT?(2008-15),A.All his lectures were boring,B.half his money was gone,C.her few friends are all fond of dancing,D.he invited many his friends to the party,2.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?(2010-18),A.all his lectures are very interestingB.half their saving were gone,C.many his friends came to the partyD.both his sisters are nurses,考点一：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系,考点二：限定词排位（前中后位限定词）,3.The additional work will take _ weeks.(2011-19),A.the otherB.another two C.other two D.the more,4.Which of the following determiners can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?(2012-12),A.many a B.fewC.suchD.the next,5.The following determiners can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT_(2013-13),A.manyB.enoughC.moreD.such,6.She is a better speaker than _ in the class.(2016-13),A.any boyB.the other boys,C.other any girl D.all the girls,评注性状语、常见副词用法辨析、比较结构；,(P273-274;P286;P292;P422),四、副 词,1.Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete“_ everybody came”?(2009-19),A.nearlyB.quiteC.practicallyD.almost,2.Which of the following italicized parts modofies an adverb?(2014-18),A.Do itright,nowB.That was a,very,funny film,C.I,rather,like my teacherD.We walked,about,6 miles,3.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete“Weve seen the film_”?(2010-19),A.beforeB.recentlyC.latelyD.yet,4.What does“He wisely refused to spend his money.”?(2008-17),A.It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.,B.He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.,C.He was short of money and didnt want to buy anything.,D.He refused,in a wise manner,to spend his money.,5.It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.(2011-17;),A.asBnorC.butD.like,6.It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.(2015-13;),A.butB.norC.likeD.as,7.It is not _ much the language as the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.(2007-15;),A.thatB.asC.soD.very,8.There are as good fish in the sea_ ever came out of it.(2007-11),A.thanB.likeC.asD.so,9.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably _ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.(2007-18),A.no moreB.not moreC.even moreD.much more,10.The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left.,A.whenB.asC.untilD.than,基本比较结构的其他模式,：,as+much/many+n+as,分句,He took as much as butter as he needed.,as+,形容词原级,+,名词词组,+as,分句,I dont want as expensive a car as this,=I dont want a car(which is)as expensive as this,not so much.as.,与其说,.,不如说,.,It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality,not more/-er than.,与,no more/-er than,He is not better than Peter.,他不比皮特好（普通比较结构的否定）,He is no better than Peter.,他和皮特一样坏（可以理解为该形容词的反义词,=as bad as,）,not less than./no less than.,The audience was not less than 5 thousand.,观众不少于五千人,The audience was no less than 5 thousand.,观众有五千人之多,more/less/fewer+,名词,+than-,分句,She has written more essays than he.,她比他写了更多文章,She has written not more essays than he.,她写的文章不如他多。,She has written no more essays than he.,她和他写的文章一样少。,You are more careful than he is.,You are not more careful than he is.,You are no more careful than he is.,You are less careful than he is.,You are not less careful than he is.,You are no less careful than he is.,你比他仔细。,你不如他仔细。,你和他一样不仔细。,你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。,你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。,你和他一样仔细。,more/less+,形容词,+than-,分句,五、动 词,动静态动词，情态动词,P111;P191-203,；,P207,1.“You _ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,”I told my friend2007-12),A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can,2.Arent you tired?I _ you had done enough for today.(2009-18),A.should have thoughtB.must have thought,C.might have thoughtD.could have thought,3.Nancys gone to work but her cars still there.She _ by bus.(2010-12),A.must have goneB.should have gone,C.ought to have goneD.could have gone,4.Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?(2012-15),A.By now she will be eating dinner,B.I shall never do that again,C.My brother will help you with the luggage,D.You shall get a promotion,5.The following are all dynamic verbs EXCEPT_.(2013-20),A.remainB.turnCwriteD.knock,6.Which of following is a stative verb?(2015-16),A.drinkB.closeC.rainD.belong,7.Among the four sentences below,sentence _expresses the highest degree of possibility.(2016-12),A.it may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.,B.it might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.,C.it could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.,D.it should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.,1.,动静态动词区分详见,P111,2.,部分情态动词可能性比较如下（可能性从小至大，见,P207,）：,might,may,could,can,should,ought to,would,will,must,3.,部分情态动词,+,不定式完成体的意义比较,might/could have done,本来可能发生或本来可能完成却没有发生或没有完成的动作,should/ought to have done,本来应该做却没有做某事,must have done,表推测过去的事态,neednt have done,本来不必做却做了（,didnt need to,没做）,六、非谓语动词,1.It is not common for there _ problems of communication between the old and the young.(2007-19),A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be,2.Linda was _ the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the last minute.(2007-14),A.to startB.to have started,C.to be startingD.to have been starting,3.This is one of the issues that deserve_(2016-17),A.being mentionedB.mentioning,C.to mentionD.for mention,4.In phrases like freezing cold,burning hot,or soaking wet,the-ING participle is used _(2011-15),A.as a commandB.as a conditionC.for concessionD.for emphasis,否定形式，逻辑主语，主动形式表被动意义，独立结构；,P168,，,P251,，,P375,5.There_ nothing more for discussion,the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(2015-20),A.to beB.to have been C.beD.being,6.Facing the board of directors,he didnt deny_ breaking the agreement.(2013-11),A.himB.hisC.itD.its,7._should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.,(2010-20),A.To be not tallB.Not being tall,C.Being not tallD.Not to be tall,I.There to be的用法及意义:,A.There to be 可以用作一个动词的宾语,我们通常称之为复合宾语,其意义常表示对将来的一种意愿或希望,但目前还没存在。,例:,She doesnt hope there to be any quarrel between me and her.,她不希望我们之间有什么争吵。(对将来的一种希望),B.There to be也可以用在句型 It be+adj.for.中。,例:,It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children.,给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了。,There to be,VS,There being,II.There being的用法及意义:,A.There being可以用作一个介词的复合宾语,跟 There to be不同的是:There to be往往表示目前没有存在的事物;而There being则通常表示已经存在的事情。请看:,The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China.,中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪。,注意：there being 作主语：,There being a shop here is a great advantage.,这儿有个商店，真是方便极了。,B.There being还可以用作副词,在语法上叫,独立结构,。如:,There being no teacher in the classroom,the pupils began to talk freely.,由于教室里没有教师,学生们开始自由交谈。,C.作介词的宾语一般用There being句式，但当是for时一般用there to be句式。,This depended on there being a sudden change.,这需要有一个突然的改变。,The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.,老师在等着大家都安静下来。,1,）在,need,，,want,，,require,，,deserve,和,bear,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：,The house needs repairing,（,to be repaired,）这房子需要修理。,My clothes need washing,（,to be washed,）我的衣服需要洗了。,2,）形容词,worth,后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而,worthy,后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如：,The picture-book is well worth reading,（,The picture-book is very worthy to be read,）这本画册很值得一读。,Such a man as Mr,Smith is not worth helping,（,Such a man as Mr,Smith is not worthy to be helped,）,像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。,This plan is not worth considering,（,This plan is not worthy to be considered,）这个计划不值得考虑。,某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义,a,当,nice,，,easy,，,fit,，,hard,，,difficult,，,important,，,impossible,，,pleasant,，,interesting,等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如：,Japanese is not difficult to learn,日语并不难学。（指日语被学）,The water is unfit to drink,这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）,The piece of music is pleasant to hear,这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）,This book is easy to read,这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读）,b,当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：,I have a lot of work to do today,我今天有很多工作要做。（,work to do,指被做的工作）,He has three children to look after,他有三个孩子要照看。,（,children to look after,指孩子被照看）,注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如：,I have some clothes to be washed,我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）,c,在,there be,句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如：,There is a lot of homework to do,（,to be done,）有很多家庭作业要做。,There are some clothes to wash,（,to be washed,）有些衣服要洗。,某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义,语气（虚拟与祈使）,语态（短语动词的被动语态）,时态（完成时，完成进行时）,语法成分（同位语,/,宾语,/,补语,/,表语；关系判断）,主谓一致（主语形式为复数表示单数意义）,反义疑问句,从句（主语从句，同位语从句，状语从句，定语从句）,倍数表达法,感叹句（,how,和,what,引导）,句意理解（,表目的，命令，请求，强调，原因等等,）,常考语法点分析,-,句法,七、语 气,判断，,if,条件句（省略,if,倒装），,be,型虚拟,，错综条件句，祈使语气,P181-188,；,P395-397,1.It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(2007-20),A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues,2.My boss ordered that the legal documents _ to him before lunch.(2012-14),A.be sentB.were sentC.were to be sentD.must be sent,3.4.It is essential that he _ all the facts first.(2014-11),A.is examingB.will examineC.examinesD.examine,5.It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay.(2010-17),A.hand inB.hands inC.must hand inD.has to hand in,6.If you explained the situation to your lawyer,he _ able to advise you much better than I can.,（,2015-15,）,A.will beB.wasC.would be D.were,7.If only the patient _ a different treatmentinstead of using the antibiotics,he might still be alive now.(2007-13),A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving,8._ your advice,I would have made the wrong decision.(2016-19),A.Hadnt it been forB.Had it not been for,C.Had it been forD.Had not it been for,9.The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speakers _.(2016-20),A.hopeB.joyC.regretD.relief,10.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam,she_ much better results now.(2008-11),A.would be gettingB.could have got,C.must getD.would get,11.If there were no subjunctive mood,English _ much easier to learn.(2009-11),A.could have beenB.would be,C.will beD.would have been,12.which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?(2013-12),A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 oclock,B.She used to drive to work,but now she takes the city metro,C.Walk straight ahead,and dont turn till the second traffic lights.,D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.,八、反意疑问句,1.When you have finished with that book,dont forget to put it back on the shelf,_?(2015-11),A.dont youB.do youC.will youD.wont you,2.She seldom goes to the theatre,_?(2010-15),A.doesnt sheB.does sheC.would sheD.wouldnt she,附加疑问句的肯定与否定，及附加疑问句部分的主语，,P316-319,两个一致：,1,）附加疑问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词保持一致；,2,）附加疑问句部分的主语与陈述部分的主语保持一致,三种类型：,1,）肯定陈述,+,否定附加；,2,）否定陈述,+,肯定附加；3,）祈使句,+,附加疑问,3.Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECT?(2014-16),A.Carry his parcel for me,will you?,B.Nobody wants to go there,does he?,C.Few people know him,dont they?,D.Everything is ready,isnt it?,4.When you have finished with that book,dont forget to put it on my desk,_?(2008-16),A.do youB.do,nt,youC.will youD.wont you,5.When you have finished with the book,dont forget to return it to Tim,_?(2011-14),A.do youB.will youC.dont youD.wont you,6.,Nobody heard him sing,_?（,2016-14,P316,）,A.did oneB.did heC.didnt they,D,.,did they,九、主谓一致,主语形式为复数表示单数意义,P22-37,1.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?(2012-11),A.Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him,B.No one except his supporters agree with him,C.Neither Julia nor I were going to the party,D.Few students in my class are really lazy,2.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?(2015-11),A.Only one out of six were present at the meeting.,B.Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register,C.Either my sister or my brother is coming,D.Five miles seem like a long walk to me,3.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?(2013-16),A.Politics are the art or science of government,B.Ten miles seems like a long walk to me,C.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease,D.All the furniture has arrived undamaged,4.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?(2014-13),A.Phisics is an important school subject,B.The United States borders Canada,C.The Niagara Falls is in the North America.,D.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease,注意以下几点：,语法一致、意义一致、就近原则、就远原则,复数形式表示单数意义（部分疾病,/,游戏,/,国家名称）,集体名词的单复数意义,并列结构,特别注意用,and,但表示单数意义的词,many a/each/every-,单数,or/nor/either.or/neither.nor/not only.but also-,就近原则,主语,+as much as/rather than/more than/no less than,等从属结构,-,就远原则,主语,+as well as/in addition to/with/along with/together with/except,等引导的词组,-,就远原则,十、语法成分,词或句子的语法成分；关系判断；,P13-19,；,P418(,同位语,),1.In“how much do you think he earns?”,how much,is _ of the sentence.(2009-20),A.the subjectB.the adverbialC.the objectD.the complement,2.Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?,(2014-12),A.The front door remained,locked,B.The boy looked,disappointed,C.Nancy appeared,worried,D.He seemed to have no money,left,3.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship?(2014-15),A.He was reading,Marys letter,in the room,B.You can buy,mens shoes,in this shop,C.,Mrs.Blak