课件4-B7-U1-Grammar-动词不定式-(P7-9-in-Vic-En)培训资料.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,B7 U1 Living Well,Grammar-The Infinitive,Lead in,Look at the sentences and mark their usages according to the heading below.,1 As the subject(S),2 As the predicative(P),3 As the object(O),4 As the object complement(Oc),5 As the attributive(A),6 As the adverbial(Ad),动词不定式:,一、不定式的,句法功能,二、不定式的,否定式,三、不定式的,省略形式,四、不定式的,复合结构,五、不定式的,时态和语态,六、不定式的,一些补充,Grammar,动词不定式由“_”构成，可以在句中作_ _等,但,不能作_,。,一，不定式的句法功能,to,+动词原形,主语、宾语、表语、,定语、状语、宾语补足语,谓语,不定式作主语,To finish,this report,took him a week.,注意：,主谓一致,To master a foreign language _ not easy.,To know what is good and to do what is right _ two different things.,注意,：,形式主语,It is+adj./n.+to do.,It is not easy to master a foreign language.,is,are,注意,：,作介词 but/except 的宾语,She could do nothing but _ to her teacher that she was wrong.,A.admit B.admitted,C.to admit D.admitting,can do nothing but/except do,“只好”,=,have no choice but to do,=cannot choose/help but do,A,注意,：,help 后的宾语带不带 to 均可,She cant help _ the house because she is busy making a cake.,A.to clean B.cleaning,C.cleaned D.being cleaned,cant help(to)do,cant help doing,A,不能帮助做某事,情不自禁/忍不住做,注意：,v.短语+sb.+to do,call on/wait for/depend on/rely on/care for/long for/would like,老师号召我们向雷锋学习。,The teacher _ Lei Feng.,我可以依靠他来处理这个问题吗？,Can I _ the problem?,called on us to learn from,depend on him to deal with,不定式作定语,注意：,不定式作定语多表示将来,This is the bridge _(build)last year.,This is the bridge _ next year.,注意,：,first/last/next/only/,序数词/最高级,+to do,他总是第一个到学校的人。,He is always _school.,built,to be built,the first one to get to,注意,：,不定式的主动表被动,(作定语的不定式与被它所修饰的名词有着,主谓关系,或者与主语间存在,动宾关系,),Have you got anything _(say)for yourself?,(you 和 say 之间有主谓关系),Have you got anything _(type),manager?,(type 的动作不是 you/manager 发出,This question is hard,for you,)_.,to say,to be typed,(you 和 answer 之间有主谓关系,不定式与主语间存在,动宾关系,),to answer,See Vic.En P24,注意,：,不定式若为 vi.其后则须有相应的 prep.,The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.,A.sit B.sit on C.be sat D.be sat on,There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.,A.to be chosen B.to choose from,C.to choose D.for choosing,B,B,不定式作状语,用法：,作目的状语,to do/in order to do/,so as to do(不能放句首),Our teacher always does what she can _(help)us with our study.,_ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.,A.To sleep B.Sleeping,C.Sleep D.Having slept,to help,A,用法,：,作原因状语,be+adj.+to do,很高兴听到这个消息。,I,am very glad to hear,the news.,用法,：,作独立成份,To tell you the truth,To be honest,To begin with,To make things worse,由“,not/never+to do,”构成,He got up early so that he could catch the first train.,=_ _ _ _ _ the train.,Mrs.Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.,A.never to drive B.to never drive,C.never driving D.never drive,二，不定式的否定式,A,so as,not to miss,1、为了避免重复，省略to后的,动词,2、省略,不定式符号to,三、不定式的省略形式,1.to(do)：,(1),expect/wish/hope/mean/intend/like/love/try/want/plan/be supposed/promise,后,(2),be about to/be able to/be going to/have to/ought to/used to,后,(3),形容词 glad/happy/pleased/kind/lucky/eager/anxious/afraid/willing,后,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do,C.not do it D.do not to,-Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?,-Not at all._.,A.Ive no time B.Id rather not,C.Id like it D.Id be happy to,A,DAre you a doctor?,-No,but I _(过去曾经是).,(=I used to be a doctor.),-He hasnt finished his work yet?,-Well,he _(本应该完成的),.,(=He ought to have finished his work.),注意：,如果 to 后面为,be/have/have been,则不能省略。,used to be,ought to have,2.(to)do：,(1)在,使役动词,或,感官动词,后省略 to:,make/have/let,see/look at/watch/notice/observe/hear/listen to/feel/smell,They knew her very well.They had seen her _ from childhood.,A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow,He doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning,被动语态中 to 要还原,A,B,(2)两个或两个以上的并列不定式，可省略,第二个的to,:,Her job is,to look after,the children and,(to),wash,clothes.,但是若表,对比关系,时，两个to都不能省略:,Its better,to laugh,than,to cry,.,To try and fail,is better than,not to try,at all.,(3),有动词do,，则可以省略to:,What I want to do,is,(to),have,a good rest.,The only thing you can do now,is,(to),wait,here.,I could do nothing but _(wait)for her.,=I had no choice but _ for her.,(4),want/like/wish,用在 when,if,as 等从句中,省略其后的不定式 to:,Come and stay as long,as you like/wish,.,wait,to wait,(5)在一些类似于情态动词的短语后,+V.原,:,had better/had best/would rather do-than do,/(prefer to do)rather than/might as well,They would rather _(go)by air than _(spend)a week travelling by train.,You had better _(not smoke)here.,Now that youve got a chance,you _(不妨一试).,go,spend,not smoke,might as well have a try,(6)有些动词后常跟,to be+形容词/名词,可省略 to be:,consider/think/believe/suppose/find/prove/declare,我们认为他是我们的朋友。,We,consider him(to be),our friend.,这个理论证明是正确的。,This theory,proved(to be)right,.,1、,for sb.,+to do,2、,of sb.,+to do,四、不定式的复合结构,对于我们来说学习英语很必要。,It is necessary _ us to,learn English.,for,你把真相说出来了,真诚实。,It is honest _ you to tell me the truth.,of,To learn English,is necessary,for,us,.,You are honest,to tell me the truth.,(事物的特征),(人的品质),for:,说明不定式短语的特征,(adj.常表示客观形式，如:,important,possible,necessary,strange,easy,difficult,),of:,说明逻辑主语的品质,(adj.常,表示主观感情或态度，如:,kind,nice,clever,wise,bright,foolish,silly,stupid,brave,right,),五、不定式的时态与语态,主动,被动,一般式,完成式,进行式,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,(1)一般式：,表示动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作,同时,发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作,之后,。,He,seems to know,this.,Ihope to see,you again.,(=I hope that Ill see you again.),(同时),(之后),(2)完成时：,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作,之前,Im sorry,to have given,you so much trouble.,He seems,to have caught,a cold.,(3)进行时：,表示动作,正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作 同时发生。,He seems,to be eating,something.,meant/hoped/expected/planned/wanted/intended/would like/be supposed/was,+to have done,(=had to do),表示过去未完成或没有实现的愿望,I,meant to have told,you about it,but I forgot to do so.=,(=I,had meant to tell,you about it,),I,was to have gone,to the party,but I had a visitor yesterday.,1.,allow/permit/forbid/advise,+doing/sb.to do,2.,like/love/hate/continue/begin/start,+doing/to do,3.,stop/go on/mean/try/be afraid/forget/remember/regret,+doing/to do,4.I am,to blame,./The house is,to let,.,5.不定式的,逻辑主语,即是句子的主语,六、不定式的一些补充,此房出租,In order to make,our city green,we,must plant more trees.,In order to improve English,_.,A.Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes,B.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself,C.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny,D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father,B,只能接 doing 的动词有：,memepaskcarfeid,“妹妹不吃咖啡的”,mind/enjoy/miss/escape/practise,/admit/avoid/suggest/stand/keep/,consider/appreciate/risk/finish/,forgive/excuse/imagine/delay/,dislike/deny,对比1,含有,介词 to,的动词短语,(+doing),有：,look forward to /devote to /,give ones life to /get used to /,turn to /get down to /object to /,pay attention to /prefer to /,lead to /admit to /stick to /,refer to /be addicted to,对比2,动词不定式:,一、不定式的,句法功能,二、不定式的,否定式,三、不定式的,省略形式,四、不定式的,复合结构,五、不定式的,时态和语态,六、不定式的,一些补充,Summary,Homework,1 Review the Grammar-动词不定式 and finish Ex2-3 on P5(in Tb)and Ex2-3 on P49(in Wb).,2 Finish all the other Exx in Wb and Vic.En.,