高中英语-外研版必修3module4Grammar培训讲学.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar:Infinitive,不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能做谓语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。,不定式的用法,1.,作主语,:,往往放在谓语动词之后,用,it,作形式主语,为了避免句子头重脚轻。,e.g.,To see,is to believe.,It is right,to give up,smoking.,2.,作宾语,:,作宾语时如果还带有,宾语补足语,往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而,用,it,作形式宾语,。,e.g.He wanted,to goI find it interesting,to study,English.,3.,做宾语补足语,e.g.He asked me,to do,the work with,him.,在,feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make,等词后的补足语中,不定式不带,to,。,不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀:,一感二听三让五看半帮助,。,但是这些句子如果变成,被动结构,时,就必须带上to,。,e.g.,I often,hear,him,sing,the song.,He is often,heard to sing,the song.,4.,作定语,e.g.I have some books for you,to read,.,当作定语的,不定式,如果是,不及物动词,或者,不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点,工具,等时,不定式后面必须有相应的介词,。,e.g.He is looking for a room,to live in,.,当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式即可以用主动语态,也可以用被动语态,。但含义有所不同。,试比较,:,Have you anything,to send,?,你有什么东西要,(,自己,),寄吗,?,Have you anything,to be sent,?,你有什么东西要,(,我或别人,),寄吗,?,5.,作状语,表示目的,原因,结果或条件,。,e.g.I came here,to see,you.,We were very excited,to find,nobody there.,He hurried to the school,to find,nobody there.,To look at,him,you would like him.,目的,原因,结果,条件,6.,作表语,e.g.My job is,to help,the patient.,注意,:,主,表都是不定式,前者为条件,后者为目的或结果,。,e.g.,To learn,a language is,to use,it.,不定式的时态有：,一般式、进行时、完成式和完成进行式,。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就要用被动形式。,不定式的时态和语态,1.,不定式的一般式,所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作,(,状态,),同时,(,或几乎同时,),发生,或是在它之后发生。,主动：,e.g.Im glad,to meet,you.,被动：,e.g.There was nothing,to be,done,.,2.,如果谓语表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用进行时,。,e.g.I am very glad,to be working,with,you.,3.,如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就要用完成时,。,主动：,e.g.Im sorry,to have kept,you,waiting so long.,被动：,e.g.The room was said,to have,been cleaned,.,从,A,、,B,、,C,、,D,四个选项中，选出可以,填入空白处的最佳选项。,1.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.,A.to discover B.to be discovered,C.discovered Dbeing discovered,Have a try,2.I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.,A.completing B.to complete,C.completed D.being completed,3.His first book _ next month is based on a true story.,A.published B.to be published,C.to publish D.being published,4.With the world changing fast,we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.,A.deal B.dealt,C.to deal D.dealing,5.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _.,A.to be breathed B.to breathe,C.breathing D.being breathed,Put the verbs in brackets into the,correct infinitive forms.,It is frightening _(walk)in,the road in a sandstorm.I hope I reach,home soon.,2.Experts hope _(learn)more,about the movement of sandstorms.,to walk,to learn,3.Id like _(tell)about the,situation before now.,4.The work needs _,(complete)by the end of the week.,5.My father was out of the city when the,sandstorm came.He was very glad,_(miss)it.,to be told,to be completed,to have missed,6.The building has _,(finish)by the end of the year.,7._(see)a real sandstorm was very,frightening.,to be finished,To see,but,后不定式的情况：,cannot help but,，,cannot but,，,cannot choose but,后的不定式通常不带,to,，常译为“不得不”。如,:,She is a strange girl,yet youcant help,but,like her.,When the streets are full of melting,snow,you,cant but,get your shoes wet.,We,cant choose but,admit that in some,ways they are ahead of us.,当,but,前有实义动词,do,时，其后的不定式通常不带,to,，如,:,Their car broke down on the way.There was nothing to,do,but wait,for help.,Now we can,do nothing but,try,this method.,除上述情况外，,用于,but,之后的不定式通常都要带,to,，如：,Stuck in the heavy traffic,we had no choice,but to wait,.,1.Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.,A.admit,B.admitted,C.admitting,D.to admit,Lets try some exercises,2.-How did you spend your weekend,Jone?,-I didnt find anything interesting,for me _ some washing instead of,my mother.,A.but did B.but do,C.but doing D.but to do,3.The students did nothing except _ all day long.,A.played,B.playing,C.play,D.to play,1.I cant help but(think/to think)that it,was a mistake.,2.I cant(chose/choose)but do it.,Underline the correct answer.,3.He does nothing but(complaining/,complain).,4.I cant help but(to love/love)her.,5.The workers do(nothing/not)but drink tea and talk to each other.,根据汉语提示完成下列句子。,1.,我们只能尝试这种方法。,We _ this method.,2.,我们只有面对现实。,We _ the reality.,3.,这个女孩别无选择只能等她妈妈回来。,The girl had _,till her mother came back.,can do nothing but try,cant but face,no choice but to wait,综 合 练 习,用括号内所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。,1.Im sorry I cant attend your wedding,for I have an important meeting _,(attend).,2.The workers were made _(work),over fourteen hours a day.,3.Your suit is a bit small on you.You,seem _(put on)weight.,to attend,to work,to put on,4.Tom did nothing except _(wait),before his parents came home.,5.Whats the matter with Tom?,Oh,his cell phone was left in a taxi,accidentally,never _(find),again.,6.She reached the top of the hill and,stopped _(rest)on a big rock,by the side of the path.,to wait,to rest,to find,7.Did he manage _(carry)the,books upstairs?,No,he wasnt strong enough even,_(move)them.,8._(become)a teacher in a,university,you need to have a masters,degree.,to carry,to move,To become,Thank you!,