拉丁美洲区域地理复习课程.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,拉丁美洲,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,拉丁美洲的范围,组成,思考,拉丁美洲和南美洲有何区别？,墨西哥,中美地峡,西印度群岛,南美洲,美、墨分界线,巴拿马运河,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,拉丁美洲的位置,23.5,o,N,0,23.5,o,S,大西洋,太,平,洋,墨西哥湾,加勒比海,德雷克海峡,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,拉丁美洲的岛屿,西印度群岛,火地岛,麦哲伦海峡,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,一、范围,1拉丁美洲是指美国以南的美洲，以巴拿马运河为界分为北部（墨西哥高原、中美洲、西印度群岛）和南部的南美洲,2北部的岛屿以西印度群岛为主（其中古巴是西印度群岛上面积最大的国家）；南部最大的岛屿是火地岛，它与南美洲大陆间隔着麦哲伦海峡,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,西印度群岛,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,西印度群岛风光,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,火地岛,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,拉丁美洲面积最大的国家：,拉丁美洲最狭长的国家：,拉丁美洲最南部的国家：,拉丁美洲纬度最北的国家：,巴西,智利,阿根廷,墨西哥,拉丁美洲的国家,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,二、地形,以平原、高原和山地为主,拉丁美洲北部是墨西哥高原,西部,是安第斯山脉（世界上最长的山脉，南美洲的,“,脊梁,”,）山间多盆地、高原，并多火山和地震；,南美洲,东部,，高原和平原相间排列（圭亚那高原、亚马孙平原、巴西高原、拉普拉塔平原）,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,高原、山地和平原,墨西哥高原,亚马孙平原,巴西高原,拉普拉塔平原,安第斯山脉,科迪勒拉山系南段,巴塔哥尼亚高原,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,世界最长的山脉安第斯山脉,思考,拉丁美洲西部为什么会形成高大山系,？,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,世界火山地震带,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,三、气候,湿热为主,类型,成因,地形影响,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,气候特征及成因,大部分地区年均温在20以上，降水在1000毫米以上，其原因：,（1）纬度位置和大陆轮廓,赤道横穿拉丁美洲，恰是陆地宽广部分，2/3面积位于热带,（2）,海陆位置和洋流,拉丁美洲位于太平洋和大西洋之间，受海洋影响大；又有暖流（墨西哥湾暖流、巴西暖流）经过，起增温增湿作用,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,秘鲁寒流,巴西暖流,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,（3）地形地势安第斯山脉西岸多地形雨，亚马孙平原三面地势高，东面向大西洋敞开，水汽容易深入陆地,（4）气压带和风带地处赤道低气压带，上升气流多雨；东北信风和东南信风从大西洋吹向陆地，带来丰沛降水,以上多种因素综合，形成湿热的气候,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.00.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,拉美气候受地形影响较显著,:,亚马孙平原湿热，形成世界上最大的热带雨林气候区；,地处热带地区的巴西高原，因地势较高，气候温和；,安第斯山区，山顶可形成积雪，气候植被有明显的垂直变化；,40S以南安第斯山区西侧迎风坡多雨，东侧背风地区则干燥少雨由此，多因素共同作用下又形成了不同的气候类型,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴拿马运河：,中美地峡最窄处。沟通太平洋和大西洋,亚马孙河：,世界上流域面积广、水量最大的河流，长度仅次于尼罗河,四、河流与瀑布,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴拿马运河,巴拿马运河,麦哲伦海峡,纽约,旧金山,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 20042011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,通过巴拿马运河,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴拿马运河与苏伊士运河,项目,所属国家,地理位置,沟通海洋,可不必绕道的航线,缩短的航程（千米）,巴拿马运河,苏伊士运河,巴拿马,埃及,南、北美洲交界处,亚、非两州交界处,太平洋,大西洋,大西洋,印度洋,麦哲伦海峡航线,非洲好望角,14500,10000,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,亚马逊河,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,壮阔的亚马孙河,一、长度长（6400KM）,第一长河：埃及,尼罗河,（6600km）,第三长河：中国,长江,（6300km）,三、水量大，河流流域面积广,亚马孙河口年均流量,12万,m,3,/s,，流域面积为,705,万,km,3,，是世界上流量最大，流域面积最广的河流。,二、有利于航运,水量丰富，流速平缓,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,五丰富的自然资源,矿产：石油（墨西哥、委内瑞拉）、银（墨西哥）、铁（巴西）、铜（智利、秘鲁）,水能：巴西高原,生物资源：秘鲁渔场；热带雨林区的红木、乌木；阿根廷出口的牛肉，占世界第一位；独特动物：树懒、大食蚁兽、卷尾猴、巨嘴鸟,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,自然资源丰富,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,树懒,大食蚁兽,巨嘴鸟,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,五、居民和经济,(1)混血种人占一半以上大多数国家通用西班牙语，巴西通用葡萄牙语,(2)人口密度较小，但增长率高。人口一般分布在沿海经济比较发达和气候条件较好的地区,Evaluation only.,Created with AsposeSlides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,拉丁美洲的种族,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,混血种人,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,印地安居民,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,拉丁美洲黑人,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,人口的分布,人口稠密地区,亚马孙平原人口分布为何稀少？,西印度群岛,巴西东南部,阿根廷沿海,思考,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,拉丁美洲城市人口的增长,城市人口比重,拉丁美洲 60,欧洲 70,非洲 30,亚洲 27,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,人口分布稀少区：热带雨林区、内陆高原和沙漠区,稠密区：西印度群岛、巴西东南部、阿根廷沿海等地,人口和城市多分布在气候比较温和的,高原,地区,自然增长率仅次于非洲，城市人口增长快。阿根廷首都布宜诺斯艾利斯、巴西的圣保罗和里约热内卢人口多在1000万以上,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,经济,工业,墨西哥、委内瑞拉的石油工业，巴西的钢铁、汽车、飞机，阿根廷的肉类加工和机械制造工业,矿业：,智利的铜和硝石，委内瑞拉的石油,农业,热带经济作物：巴西的咖啡，古巴的蔗糖和中美洲国家的香蕉,粮食作物：玉米为主，许多国家粮食还不能自给,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴西的汽车制造,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,智利的铜矿开采,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,古巴的甘蔗生产,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,南美洲第一大国,巴 西,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,国土广大的热带国家,巴西是拉丁美洲面积最大的国家,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,热带面积广大,赤道,南回归线,亚马孙平原,巴西高原,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,位置面积,纬度位置：,大部分位于南回归线和赤道之间。,海陆位置：,东临大西洋。世界上占有热带面积最大的国家，拉美、南半球面积最大的国家,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴西热带雨林,亚马孙平原,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴西高原,世界面积最大的高原,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,人口的分布,分布不均，地区差异大,东南沿海人口稠密,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,人种复杂的国家,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,迅速发展的经济,过去,出产农矿业产品为主,现在,工农业发展迅速,产量占世界首位的农作物：咖啡、甘蔗、香蕉、剑麻,巴西农业,巴西工矿业,重要工业部门：钢铁、造船、汽车、飞机,工业中心集中在东南沿海：圣保罗、里约热内卢,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴西农业,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,伊泰普水电站,煤、石油不足,水能资源丰富,伊泰普水电站,解决燃料不足,与巴拉圭合作,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,伊泰普水电站,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴西的主要城市,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,里约热内卢,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,新建设的首都,巴西的首都，原在沿海城市里约热内卢，偏居东南一角，对广大内地的管理和开发不便。1956年，巴西决定迁都至中部高原的巴西利亚。用了3年多的时间，在原先荒凉的土地上，建成了一个建筑独特、环境优美，安静的现代化城市。巴西利亚位于热带，但海拔1000米，气候四季如春，终年绿草如茵、繁花似锦,。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴西利亚,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴西利亚,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,巴西利亚,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,