课件青岛滨海学院课程英语课程市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件.ppt

合乎逻辑分析,2/81,1,II.New Lesson,i.A presentation of the main contents:,一新闻标题翻译,1.新闻标题结构,2.新闻英语标题特点,3.新闻英语标题翻译技巧,二新闻报道翻译,1.新闻报道结构特点,2.新闻报道翻译方法,3/81,2,ii.A study of the theory in detail:,新闻报道特点：,新闻文体包括政治、经济、军事、外交、科技、宗教、法律、家庭等各个方面。它强调“纪实性（factualness）,即文章包含了多少“事实”或“信息”。所以，新闻报刊能够分为三个层次。第一层次为硬新闻（Pure hard news）,指得是新闻电讯报道，这类新闻纪实性最强，考究客观事实报道。第三层次为软新闻（pure soft news，纪实性最弱，娱乐性最强，如社会新闻，杂文小品等。中间层次各式文章被广泛称为特写（feature articles）,如专题报道，采访，人物介绍，每七天专文，各类评述或杂议等。,4/81,3,其文章特点是题材新奇，时效性强，经过派生、附加、合成、拼缀及缩略等产生新词多。译者必须对当前国内外时事有深刻了解，关注事态发展，才能胜任新闻翻译工作。,新闻报道主要是提供信息和进行评论，含有鲜明阶级性。新闻报道取材广泛，形式活泼，格调不一，词语求新。新闻报道坚持客观、准确和及时标准。,5/81,4,理论,第一节 新闻标题翻译,一、新闻报道结构,二、新闻报道特点,三、,新闻英语标题翻译技巧,第二节 新闻报道翻译,一、新闻报道结构特点,二、新闻报道翻译方法,第三节 新闻报道中一些惯用词翻译,一些惯用词翻译,6/81,5,第一节 新闻标题翻译,一、新闻标题结构,新闻英语标题结构：包含短语式标题；句子式标题；省略冠词、连词、动词式标题；标点符号替换式标题,1短语式标题,（1）中心词（head word）+后置修饰词（post-modifier）,Answers for Developing Nations(The Christian Science Monitor),发展中国家对策（基督教科学箴言报）,7/81,6,A Plan to Tame Population Devil(Washington Post),驯服人口魔鬼计划（华盛顿邮报）,Chinese Books Exhibited in Paris(Newsweek),中国书展在巴黎（新闻周刊）,Measures to curb SARS spread(China Daily),采取办法，遏制“非典”蔓延（中国日报）,8/81,7,（2）前置修饰语+中心词,The Color Lines(International Herald Tribune),肤色界限（国际先驱论坛报）,2句子式标题,（1）完全句（complete sentence）,MPs Want Tougher Watchdog(The Thames),议员要求更为严厉观察员（泰晤士报）,US Budget Calls for Dollar Devaluation(WP),美国预算要求美元贬值（华盛顿邮报）,9/81,8,Arafat Walks out of the Jordan Peace Talks(IHT),阿拉法特退出约旦和谈（国际先驱论坛报）,（2）非完全句（incomplete sentence）,When police hide behind the shield of the law(IHT),警察使用方法律当盾牌时候（国际先驱论坛报）,Peking to fire test rocker to South Pacific(The Thames),中国将向南太平洋发射试验导弹（泰晤士报）,10/81,9,3经常省略冠词、连词、助动词等,Lives Just Begun Fell Victim To AIDS(Life)补进省去词，则可为：,The lives which had just begun fell victims to AIDS.,刚才开始生命沦为艾滋病牺牲品,4标点符号使用,（1）惯用逗号代替连词and,US Teenagers Work,Spend(New York Times,美国青少年借打工来充实自己腰包（纽约时报）,11/81,10,Chinese,US presidents talk over phone(CD),中美两国元首电话交谈（中国日报）,（2）惯用冒号表示其后文字是前面补充、解释，或为了引发读者注意。如：,Hot off the Press:Old News(Time),新闻热卖：旧消息（时代周刊）,12/81,11,二新闻英语标题特点,(一)新闻英语标题词汇主要有以下个特点：,1广泛使用名词和简短小词,为了节约空间，标题中虚词（有时包含系动词be）都被省略。剩下主要是实词，尤其是名词。如：,The Population Surprise 公众大为吃惊,Wit and Skill win out,才智和技巧胜利,13/81,12,2使用“时髦词”,“新”是新闻语言生命，一切新事物、新现象总是首先出现在新闻媒体上，而表示这些新动词就是“时髦词”，即新词汇。如：e-commerce(电子商务),e-machine（电子机械）,bio-chip（生物芯片）,cyberphobia（恐惧Internet计算机世界人）,bio-pirate 公开盗版者,3使用缩略词和数字,缩略词和数字占空间小，而信息含量大，在新闻标题中出现频繁。如：,Charity Gives$1.8M to NYC Schools,慈善组织向纽约市区学校捐赠180晚美元。,14/81,13,Study Supports Link Between SIDS and Smoking,研究表明婴幼儿突然死亡综合症与吸烟相关,（二）新闻英语标题时态、语态、及修辞特点,Oil giant,expands,further overseas(CD),石油巨商深入向海外拓展（中国日报）,Court,Fines,Journalist,20,000 for Silence(Daily Mirror),新闻记者拒绝向法院提供报道依据，法院课以两万英镑罚款,15/81,14,Chinese leaders,to visit,India(CD),中国领导人,将,出访印度,US hostage,to be freedin swap（交换）(SE),美国人质,将,在人质交换中获释,2惯用过去分词表示省略被动句，现在分词表示进行时,Military Aircraft Made Available for Evacuation(NYT),军统飞机用语疏散工作（纽约时报）,16/81,15,Danube marches halted(The Times),多瑙河游行受阻（泰晤士报）,Hundreds missing in storm hit India(CD),暴风攻击印度，数百人失踪,3修辞,（1）头韵或尾韵,Sterling strong(IHT),英镑坚挺,Hope of the,Weak,and theMeek,（温顺）(Newsweek),软弱者和胆小者希望,（2）对比,17/81,16,Best of Times,Worst of Times(Time),美好时代与艰难岁月,US wins and loses in Iraqi war(CD),美国在伊拉克战争中得与失,（3）讥讽,Democracy of the Big Stick(Newsweek),大棒民主（新闻周刊）,（4）俚语使用,Big bucks(美元)for IT employees(21st Century),信息行里赚大钱（21世纪报）,18/81,17,（,6）比喻,Slow lane is safest on currency issue(SE),在货币问题上，走慢车道最安全（Sunday Express）,其中，slow lane 与fast lane 相对，原为公路交通术语，现用来比喻英国政府在欧洲货币联盟问题上硬采取立场。星期日快报在登载这条小溪时，还加了一个副标题：Toss A Coin:monetary union remains a two-sided issue.其中toss a coin,原为掷钱币，试其落地时正反面决定何去何从，这里借来深入说明英国政府态度。,19/81,18,三、新闻英语标题翻译技巧,1直译或基本直译,当英语表示方式与汉语基本相同时，可采取直译，既保留原来格调，又准确传达信息。如：,Charity Gives$1.8M to NYC Schools,慈善组织向纽约市区学校捐赠180晚美元。,Study Supports Link Between SIDS and Smoking,研究表明婴幼儿突然死亡综合症与吸烟相关,20/81,19,2意译,当英文标题比较隐晦难懂，或难以言传英语文化促会时，译者能够不译原文标题，而在读懂新闻后自己依据意思总结一个适当标题。,3增词法,依据新闻内容，在标题中增加一些词，使译文意义愈加完整。如：,MauritusLifes Beach 毛里求斯生活是,阳光,沙滩,The Language Barrier,产品跨国销售中,语言障碍,21/81,20,4减词法,减词法指减去虚词、代词等以使语言精练，还指减去一些次要信息，以突出主要信息。如：,The Battle of Human Versus Computers at Chess 人机象棋大赛,5转换语言形式,翻译不应拘泥与原文语言形式。翻译标题时，能够依据情况变被动语态为主动语态，变第三人称为第一人称，变陈说句为疑问句等。,22/81,21,6发挥汉语优势,利用汉语优势，在标题中制造出对仗、押韵、成语等效果。如：,It Takes Determination to Complete One of the Worlds Toughest Car Rallies(重整旗鼓).,只要意志坚，不怕远征难,23/81,22,新闻报道翻译,一、新闻报道结构特点,一篇新闻报道，普通包含标题（Title）、导语（Lead）和正文（Body）三部分。,实践,24/81,23,二、新闻报道翻译方法,1导语翻译,导语在即时性新闻中必不可少，它决定了读者是否从首句抓住关键内容，从而判断是否继续阅读。普通说来，导语表示明确，叙述直接，语言简练。,常见导语有两种：标签导语（Label Lead）和摘要导语（Summary Lead）。,标签导语没有实质性内容，知识正文前导或过渡，但有一定格式。如：,实践,25/81,24,Beijing,January 1(Xinhua)The following is the full text of,The Peoples Dailys,New Year Message:,新华社北京1月1日电，今天人民日报发表了新年祝辞，全文以下：,摘要导语系内容提要，说明该新闻关键点，以引发读者注意或兴趣。如,SANDAL OF THE BOGUS REFUGEES,80%cheat their way into Britain and the good life.,EXCLUSIVE by Alfed Lee and Joanna Bales,Four out of five asylum seekers flooding into Britain are bogus,a Sunday Express investigation reveals.,实践,26/81,25,这是一段署名报道，除标题外，还有副标题以及“专文”（或“独家新闻”）字样，翻译时应该考虑到。,假难民丑闻,80难民靠坑骗伎俩进入英国，过上好日子,艾李，琼贝尔斯专稿,星期日快报一项调查披露，在大量涌入英国寻求避难人中，4/5是冒充。,2报道正文翻译,依据要求能够全译或编译,实践,27/81,26,5P:I have got something wrong with me.God knows I never felt like this before.If I could only be in bed and lie out flat.Id be all right.I think.,S:But what do you think it is?,P:You tell me.,S:Try and sleep,darling.Lean over,way over,this way,put your head here.,P:我以为不舒适，以前从没有这么感觉，恐怕只能在床上好好躺一躺，才会好。,S:你认为是什么毛病？,P:我哪里知道。,S：那就躺下睡一觉吧，亲爱。靠过来，就这么，把头放在这里。,实践,28/81,27,（1）全译,全译属篇章翻译，要恪守篇章翻译普通要求，内容移译要正确，句间连接要自然，全篇用词要统一。,试译下面一段新闻：,实践,29/81,28,Labors seven point lead jolt for Premier falls,John Major let the election cat out of the bag yesterday when he hinted he was planning a June poll next year.,The Premier signaled the way his mind is working after being told of Labors seven per cent lead in the,Observer,opinion poll.He brushed it aside,declaring:“Well it doesnt matter anywaythere are eight months to go.”,(Sunday Express),实践,30/81,29,工党领先七个百分点对首相震动,约翰梅杰昨日透露大选秘密，暗示计划明年6月再测民意。梅杰首相是在得悉工党在观察家民意测验领先7个百分点之后作此暗示。他以漠然置之态度宣称：“嗯，没关系，还有八个月呢。”,下面一段文字是联合王国一周天气预报，按时间次序逐层介绍，文字自然流畅，朴实无华，试译之：,实践,31/81,30,UK Outlook,THERE Will be a change to cooler weather.Monday will be cloudy with some rain in the North and the West but sunshine and showers elsewhere.As a deep depression moves into northern Scotland on Tuesday rain will spread across all areas with strengthening winds.During Wednesday and Thursday it will be brighter with blustery showers,which could give some snow over Scottish mountains.By then it will be noticeable cooler and fresher in all parts of the country.Further rain and strong winds will continue into the weekend.(Sunday Express,October 13,1991),实践,32/81,31,今后一周内，气温将变得愈加清凉。星期一，北部和西部地域阴、有雨，其它地域晴、有阵雨。星期二，伴随一股较强低气压进入苏格兰北部，全国各地将普遍降雨，风力渐强。星期三和星期四，天气将愈加晴朗，偶有急风阵雨，苏格兰山区可能有阵雪。全国各地将愈加清凉。周末，还将有雨和大风。（1991年10月13日星期日快报）,（2）编译,报刊上登载新闻大都经过记者或编辑选编，原文一字不动地照登者本不多。选编是一个浓缩过程。新闻工作者有点类似于选编。选编有以下几个做法：,实践,33/81,32,译成标题新闻。这是一个浓缩程度极高处理方法，可选译报道中主题句子（Topic Sentence）,亦可选译报道所提供主要信息。如：,Sino-Japanese joint ventures,seven in all,in Nantong,reported profits this year.From January to September,their total output value surpassed 100 million yuan and foreign earnings through export reached more than 10 million yuan.These figures represent a 60 per cent increase over the same period last year.,今年南通市七家中日合资企业家家赢利（或：南通市七家中日合资企业产值破亿元大关）。,实践,34/81,33,译成简明新闻。这是一个概括性较强处理方法，可选择其中主要、读者可能不叫关心信息，原报道中评论或枝节可略译。如：,WASHINGTON:Two star stock analysts during the 1990s market boomJack Grubman and Henry Blodgetwere fined and barred for good from the industry,regulators announced on Monday.,Grubman,a former top telecommunications analyst at Citigroups arm,paid US$15 million to settle allegations that he produced fraudulent,misleading”research reports.,He was permanently barred from the securities industry.,Former Merrill Lynch Internet analyst Lodget paid US$4 million and also was banned for good from the industry.,Blodget and Grubman,two of the Wall Street stars seen as having fuelled the market before the dot-com collapse,did not admit or deny the allegations(主张).,实践,35/81,34,华盛顿讯 20世纪90年代升起两颗股评明星杰克格鲁伯曼和亨利布洛杰特日前收到今后不得再从事股评处罚，并分别课以1500万美元和400万美元罚款。前者被控公布“坑骗性、误导性”研究汇报；后者被控以美林企业名义发表坑骗性汇报，另外还发表；“其观点与私下表示否定观点不一致研究汇报”。,依据要求字数编译。在恪守相关字数要求前提下，尽可能多地译出原报道所提供信息。,请将下文编译成160字左右汉字,实践,36/81,35,Brand need boost abroad,CHINA exports billions of dollars worth computers,DVD players,refrigerators,and other consumers goods every year.Still,few Western consumers have heard of Kejian,Legend,TCL,or any Chinese brand except for Tsingtao beer offered at Chinese restaurant.,But,that is starting to change.A few of the countrys major manufacturers,pushed by Chinas World Trade Organization membership,are developing global ambitions.And they are seeking to boost sales and profits by making their names and logos known around the world.,The idea is to recreate the success of the Japanese and Koreans,who have built up big brand names with Sony,Samsung and Sanyo.,Legend Group,for instance,is Chinas biggest PC maker,but only 7 per cent of its sales are overseas.It now plans a big overseas push,starting in Hong Kong and later moving west.The goal is for international sales to account for 25 per cent of revenues by.,实践,37/81,36,中国每年出口数十亿美元计算机、冰箱等产品，不过像“科健”、“联想”等品牌在西方仍缺乏知音，只有青岛啤酒备受关爱。不过这种情况正在改变。“入世”改变了中国制造商营销理念。它们正借鉴日韩成功之道，在世界各地树立自己品牌。“联想”就是一例：到年，它国际销售将带来企业收入。,实践,38/81,37,第三节 新闻报道中一些惯用词翻译,一一些惯用词翻译,在新闻报道中，有些词是经常出现，其使用方法比较固定，相对而言，也有比较统一译法。如：,1REPORT,试翻译下述各句：,(1)It is reported that a bomb was found yesterday on board an Air India airliner during a stopover at Delhis International Airport.,据报道，昨天在一架途经印度德里国际机场停留飞机上发觉了一枚炸弹。,实践,39/81,38,(2),The Time,weekly report says American people have become less confident in George Bush because of sluggish(迟缓)economy.,美国时代周刊报道说，因为美国经济发展迟缓，美国人对乔治布什政府越来越缺乏信心。,(3)Our staff reported from Washington the American dollar had been devalued for the fourth time in six months.,据我驻华盛顿记者发回报道，近6个月以来，美元已连续4次贬值。,实践,40/81,39,(4)The Sunday Times reported one of the suspects in connection with the attempted murder gave himself up to the police and named the other two who still were at large.,星期日时报报道，一名包括杀人犯罪嫌疑人已向公安部门投案自首，并供出其它两名在逃犯名字。,2QUOTE,对照英汉句子，注意英语句式结构与汉语表示方式异同。,实践,41/81,40,（1）The Times,quoted,a local resident,who spoke on condition of anonymity,as saying racial tension had been building in the area.,泰晤士报,援引,一位不透露姓名为讲话条件当地具名说，该地种族担心情况日趋加剧。,（2）A 64-year-old grandmother was quoted as saying queuing for food,clothes,detergent(洗涤剂),and virtually every other household commodity is a way of life in Romania.,记者援引一位64岁老太太话说，在罗马尼亚排队购置食物、衣服、洗涤剂以及世纪上其它各种生活用具，已成为家常便饭。,实践,42/81,41,3 SOURCE(SOURCES),不论单数形式source 还是复数形式sources,都通常译为“人士”。如：,a reliable source 一位可靠人士,a well-informed source 一位消息灵通人士,a source who asked to remain anonymous,一位要求不披露性命人士,sources close to the US Secretary of State,靠近美国国务卿人士,实践,43/81,42,4ACCORDING TO,在英语中，有according to 引导短语普通放在句末，即 post-modifier;担在汉译时，普通置于句首，即pre-modifier.,British Prime Minister Tony Blair and Russian President V.Putin had a face-to-face discussion on a wide-range of Iraq-related issues,notably the role of the United Nation in post-war reconstruction,according to Reuters.,据路透社消息，英国首相布莱尔和俄罗斯总统普京就与伊拉克相关问题，尤其是联合国在伊战后重建中作用，进行了面对面广泛讨论。,实践44/81,43,（2）British airports are no safer now than they were two years ago,according to,a high source of the Department of Transport.,据交通部一位高级人士说，英国机场不如两年前那样安全了。,5.CONFIRM,SAY,SPEAK,(1)Sources close to the former Prime Minister,confirmed,that she would head the anti-federalist Bruges Group,set up by Tory MPs after her speech in Bruges.,靠近前首相人士证实，她将领导不鲁日反联盟派。该派是她在布鲁日会议上发表讲话之后，由保守党议员建立。,实践,45/81,44,6REVEAL,DISCLOSE,这两个词通常译为“披露”。如：,(1)Mr.Simons,Rushdies solicitor,disclosed that Mr.Rushdie had made a 100,000 personal contribution towards the cost of the round-the-clock protection.,拉什迪律师西蒙先生披露，拉什迪先生已拿出10万英镑个人捐款，作为昼夜保护费用。,实践,46/81,45,(2)A briefcase containing highly sensitive documents about British operations in Saudi Arabia was stolen.It was revealed last night to the press.But no details were provided.,一个装相关于英军在沙特阿拉伯行动极敏感文件手提箱被盗。此事是昨晚向报界披露，但没有提供详细情况。,7WARN,Iraq must disarm itself unconditionally and immediately,or be disarmed,warned George W.Bush.,乔治W布什警告说，伊拉克必须马上无条件地解除武装，不然就一定强行解除武装。,实践,47/81,46,Part Two 翻译实践练习,实践一,实践二,实践三,48/81,47,实 践 一,一、将以下标题译成汉语,二、将以下英文报刊名称译成汉语,三、将20世纪20大新闻译成汉语,49/81,48,一、将以下标题译成汉语：,1.Win or lose,they all scored big(CD)不论输赢是否，她们都将大功告捷,2.MPs call time on late nights(EXCLUSIVE,SD)下院议员要求停顿深夜会议。（星期日快报独家新闻）,3.Sino-foreign co-op,exchange valuable(CD)中外合作与交流十分主要,4.Yeltsin,eyes,to new Ukraine(SE)叶利钦认可新乌克兰,5.Caught red-handed in know-how theft case.(SE)偷窃技术，当场被捉,实践,50/81,49,6.Tough law to beat graft on the way(CD)严厉反贪污法正在起草中,7.Li,Calfa pledge to maintain close tiesCD)李和卡尔法确保继续保持亲密联络,8.28 accused of pyramid selling(CD)28人被控告搞传销,9.Year of China to life veil in Paris(CD)巴黎中国年开幕在际,10.Nailing the big lie(SE)戳穿弥天大谎,实践,51/81,50,二、将以下英文报刊名称译成汉语：,1.Businessweek.(商业周刊),2.The Christian Science Monitor (基督科学箴言报),3.Daily Mail (每日邮报),4.Daily Mirror (每日镜报),5.The Economist 经济学家),6.Far Eastern Economic Review(远东经济评论),7.Financial Times（金融时报）,实践,52/81,51,8.Forbes （福布斯）,9.Fortune （财富）,10.The Guardian（卫报）,11.National Geographic (国家地理),12.The Observer (观察家),13.Punch（拙笨）,14.USA Today （今日美国报）,15.The Wall Street Journal（华尔街日报）,实践,53/81,52,三、将20世纪20大新闻译成汉语：,（Editors note:This evaluation of the centurys top news stories is taken from an American perspective.It is not meant to represent the most important events for Chinese readers,but rather provide another perspective on the 20th century as it draws to a close.21st-Agencies,March 3,1999,1.United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima,Nagasaki:Japan surrenders to end World War II.(1945)（美国向日本广岛、长崎投下两颗原子弹，日本投降，二战结束）。(1945),实践,54/81,53,2.American astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first human to walk on the moon.(1969)（美国宇航员尼尔阿姆斯特朗成为人类史上在月球上行走第一人。）（1969）,3.Japan bombs Pearl Harbour;United States enters World War II.1941)(日本轰炸珍珠港，美国正式介入第二次世界大战。)（1941）,4.Wilbur and Orville Wright fly the first powered airplane.（1903）(威尔伯和奥维尔 莱特驾驶第一架机动飞机飞行。（1903）,实践,55/81,54,5.Women win the vote in the US.(1920)(美国妇女赢得选举权)（1920）,6.US President John F.Kennedy assassinated in Dallas.(1963)(美国总统F肯尼迪在达拉斯遇刺。)（1963）,7.Horrors of Nazi Holocaust,concentration camps exposed.(1945)(纳粹大屠杀和集中营恐怖大白于天下。)（1945）,1.World War I begins in Europe.(1914)(第一次世界大战在欧洲暴发。)（1914）,实践,56/81,55,2.US Supreme Court ruling in Brown vs.Board of Education case ends“separate but equal”school segregation.(1954)美国最高法院在布朗状告教育委员会一案中裁决，结束“分离但平等”学校种族隔离。(1954),3.US stock market crashes:The Great Depression sets in.(1929).(美国股市大崩盘/暴跌，世界经济大萧条开始。)（1929）,4.Alexander Fleming discovers the antibiotic-penicillin.(1928)(，亚历山大 弗莱明首次创造抗生素-盘尼西林。)（1928）,实践,57/81,56,Structure of DNA discovered.(1953)(多样核糖核酸组成被发觉)。（1953）,USSR dissolves,Mikhail Gorbachev resigns:Boris Yeltsin