英国历史简介英文市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Chapter 8 History of Britain,第1页,The beginning of Britain,The Early settlers(-55B.C.),Roman Britain(55B.C.-410A.D.),Anglo-Saxon Britain(410-871),Viking Britain(871-1042),Norman Conquest(1066),第2页,The Early Settlers(-55 B.C.),8,000 years ago,Great Britain became an island,Natives of Britain,Iberians(3000BC-BC),The first settlers of Britain from the Mediterranean area,第3页,Stonehenge in Southwest England,Built between 3000 BC and 1000 BC,The most famous prehistoric monument and tourist attraction,第4页,The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700 BC.,tall and golden-haired,from Central Europe,farmers,warlike people,第5页,Roman Britain(55 B.C.-,410,),British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.For nearly 400 years,Britain was under the Roman occupation,though it was never a total occupation.,第6页,Roman Invasion,Invasion,Time,Invaders,1,55 and 54 B.C,Roman General,Julius Caesar,2,43 A.D.,Roman Emperor,Claudius,第7页,Roman Civilization,The month“July”is named after Julius Caesar himself.,Christianity to Britain,Extraordinary achievement in building roads,“All Roads Lead to Rome”,Hadrians Wall,Englands great wall,years ago,第8页,第9页,Roman influence on Britain was limited.,First,the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.Second,never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry.Third,the Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.,第10页,Anglo-Saxon Britain(410-871)Basis of Modern English race:the Anglo-Saxons,The Angle,Saxon,and Jute tribes invaded in 5th and 6th centuries,The Anglo-Saxons left their home in northern Germany and Denmark.,The Heptarchy:seven principal kingdoms of Kent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,East Anglia,Mercia and Northumbria contended for hegemony,第11页,St.Augustin,The first Archbishop of Canterbury in 601,He built the Canterbury Cathedral.,He introduced Christianity to England.,The founder of the English church,第12页,King Arthur,The best-known English legend,The 5th century,Story,King Arthur united the British,His famous round table knightsDrove the Saxons back with his magical sword,A hero of British,who leads the defense against,the Anglo-Saxon invaders in the early 6th century,第13页,第14页,Viking(871-1042),Invasion time,In the late 8th century,From Denmark,Norsemen,“people from the North”,From 1017 to 1041,England was ruled by Danish kings.,第15页,Alfred the Great,The king of Wessex,The father of British navy,A capable military leader,and administrator,第16页,Westminster Abbey,In 1042,By Edward,King of England,a,faithful Christian,One of the oldest buildings in London,A living monument to British history,Almost all English kings have been crowned there.,第17页,第18页,Influences of the Danish Invasion,Many Danish words became a part of the British vocabulary.Such as:sky,they,their,them,bank,gate,guess etc.,British system of counting was adopted from the Danes.Like:dozen,penny,foot.,Many names of English towns are borrowed from the Danes.,第19页,Norman Conquest,The last foreign invasion in England,The best-known event in English history,Duke William of Normandy,from northern France,William is often referred to as William the Conqueror.,第20页,On October 14,1066,William and his army defeated the English army in the battle of Hastings.,William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey,known as William I of England.,This invasion is called Norman Conquest.,第21页,Influences of Norman Conquest,Language,-French replaced English as the language of the ruling classes.,-The period of Middle English began.,第22页,Architecture,The Tower of London(The most famous castle),England became a land of castles,Doomsday Book,-the base for future taxation,-a useful source of information for the monarchs,第23页,Robin Hood,Englands best-loved legend,Heroic Saxon,noblemen oppressed by the Normans,“Merry men”robbed from the rich to give to the poor.,第24页,British Invasion History,Invasion Time,Invaders,43 A.D.,The Romans,5th century,The Angles and Saxons,8th century,The Viking,1066,The Normans,第25页,Part II The Feudal Britain,(1066-1485),Key Points:,1.Common Law,2.The Magna Carta,3.The beginning of Parliament,4.The decline of feudalism,第26页,Feudal Britain,Norman Conquest marked the establishment of feudalism in England,1.After the Norman Conquest,feudalism was established in England.,2.The nobility gradually gained power.,3.State mechanism was gradually,established such as the parliamentary,system and the common law.,第27页,The succession of monarchs,Kings:,William I(1066-1154)-(grandson)-,Henry II(1154-1189)-(son)-,Richard I(1189-1199)-(brother)-,King John(1199-1216)-(son)-,Henry III(1216-1272)-,Edward III-,第28页,Achievements:,Norman conquest-the common law-crusades-the Magna Carta-the beginning of parliament-the establishment of parliamentary system.,第29页,The beginning of the parliament,When?,-1264,The nobles defeated the king,Who?,-Simon de Monfort VS Henry III,第30页,How?,Simon de Monfort made changes in the formation of the Great Council,-added some commoners into the council,Significance?,-laid the foundation for the development of the English parliament,第31页,The decline of Feudalism,Root:,the foundation of the manor system was shaken,Several events shook the foundation of the feudal society.,The Hundred Years War,T,he Black Mouth,Tylers Rebellion,T,he War of the Roses,第32页,The Hundred Years War,Time:1337-1453,Event,A series of wars between England and France,第33页,Unexpected benefits,The ruling Normans began to regard England as their home.,English was reestablished as the official language.,第34页,Joan of Arc,A famous peasant girl,Under Joan of Arc,French won a number,of victories.,Regarded as a national,French heroine.,第35页,T,he War of the Roses,A series of civil wars between supporters of Lancaster and York.,The badges,a red rose Vs.a white one,Reason,In 1455 the Duke of York tried to,displace the Lancaster king,Henry VI.,Result,In 1485,Henry Tudor,as Henry VII,founded the Tudor Monarchy.,第36页,The Beginning of the Modern World,From the 16th to the 20th century,Ruling Houses,Ruling Period,House of Tudor,1485-1603,House of Stuart,1603-1649,House of Stuart,(restored),1660-1714,House of Hanover,1714-1910,第37页,Part III,House of Tudor,第38页,Key points:,The Enclosure Movement,Geographical Discovery,The Renaissance,The Reformation,Henry VIII,Bloody Mary,The Elizabethan Age,第39页,1.The Enclosure Movement,In the 16th century,the development of,textile industry pushed up the price of wool.,Landlords began to turn large areas of,arable land into sheep grazing land.,第40页,2.Geographical Discovery,Why?,-A shortage of gold&silver caused by the increase,in production&the expansion of trade in Europe.,When?In the 15th century,How?,rush for gold-rush for spice-geographical discovery,Who?,-Portugal,Spanish,Britain,第41页,British expansion,In 1497,John Cabot sailed to New-found land in North America,Sir Francis Drake,the first Englishman who sailed round the world.,Chartered Companies.,-The East India Company,第42页,3.The Renaissance,When?late 14th C the early 16th C,Where?Italy-the rest of Europe,What?,The rebirth of interest in classic cultures of ancient Greece and Rome which were neglected by the Europeans in the Middle Ages.,第43页,Who?,-many literary figures,William Shakespeare,Thomas More,Edmund Spencer,Francis Bacon,Christopher Marlowe,第44页,What do they have in common?,-praised life and attacked feudal cruelty,ignorance and destruction of human rights,-promoted education and reform,-voiced enduring ideas,第45页,4.The Reformation,When?1517-1646,Who?Martin Luther,Where?West Europe,What?,A great revolution in the Christian church,第46页,Results?,-it ended the supreme power of the Pope of the Christian church,-two religious camps were formed:,Catholic and Protestant,第47页,The English Reformation,Who?King Henry VIII,Why?Henry VIIIs,divorce,Results?,Married six times,第48页,-the King declared himself as the,supreme Head of the Church of England,-the religious authority was transferred successfully from the Pope to the king.,第49页,Bloody Mary,Who?,-Mary Tudor,a sincere Catholic,Why bloody?,-she persecuted true,Protestants and executed,more than 300 people,第50页,Elizabeth I,(1553-1603),The last Tudor monarch,The Golden Age,The English navy,defeated the Spanish,Armada in 1588,The flourishing of,English drama,第51页,Part IV,House of Stuart,第52页,Key points,The Divine right of Kings,Charles I,The Civil War,Cromwell,Restoration,The Glorious Revolution,第53页,Charles I(1625-1649),Belief,Believed in the old theory“Divine right of Kings”,The kings power came directly from God,not from the people.,Dismissed parliament for 11 years,第54页,The Civil War(1642-1649),Event,Charles I burst into the Houses of,Parliament to arrest leading members of the Parliament.,Between,The Roundheads(supporters of Parliament),The Cavaliers(supporters of the King),第55页,Result of the Civil War,The execution of Charles I,Oliver Cromwell formed republican,England,the Commonwealth of England.,English monarchy was abolished.,第56页,Restoration,Who?Charles II,When?1661,4,23.,How?,-politically,restore the old social order,-religiously,reestablished a new system,-economically,established English,colonies in America,第57页,The Industrial Revolution(1780-1830,),The industrial Revolution refers to the,mechanisation of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late,18th and early 19th centuries.,第58页,Consequences of the industrial Revolution,1 Britain was by 1830 the“workshop of the world”;,2 Towns grew rapidly and became the source of the nations wealth.,第59页,3 Mechanization destroyed the livelihood of those who could not invest in it.The working men worked and lived in a appallingconditions.,4 The industrial revolution created the industrial working class,the proletariat,and it later led to trade unionism.,第60页,The Glorious Revolution,When?1688,Why?,-The parliament did not want a Catholic succession after the Kings death.,What?,-The parliament invited Mary and William,to rule England together,-in 1689,the Bill of Rights became law,第61页,Significance?,-a new system,the Constitutional,Monarchy,was born,-the political struggle between the king and the parliament came to an end,-the end of the divine right of the king,-the Act of Succession in 1701,no,Catholic monarch,第62页,Queen Victoria,The Grandmother of Europe”,The longest reign(1837-1901),Victorias Time,Britain became the most,powerful and richest,country in the world.,British Empire reached its,highest point and was,called“the Empire on which,the sun never sets”.,第63页,Britain in World War I,Result,-Victorious,-A huge national debt,-Lost her sea supremacy,-Overtaken by the,United States,第64页,Britain in World War II,Borrowed large amounts of debt from the United States and Canada.,Over 1,000 million pounds,of overseas investments,were sold.,Economy slid from,the 2nd largest economy to,the 6th in the world.,第65页,