中考英语复习语法专题1--名词市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

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名词复数形式,1.,规则改变,组成方法,例词,在词尾加,-,s,girl,girls,pen,pens,以s，x，ch，sh结尾名词后加-es,bus,buses,box,boxes,watch,watches,dish,dishes,3/61,以f或fe结尾名词，变f，fe为v，再加es,wife,wives,half,halves,shelf,shelves,thief,thieves,一些以f结尾词，直接加-s,roof,roofs(,屋顶,),belief,beliefs(,信念,),以辅音字母y结尾名词变y为i再加-es,city,cities,country,countries,family,families,party,parties,以元音字母y结尾名词，直接加-s,boy,boys,day,days,续表,组成方法,例词,以o结尾四个词(两菜、两人)加-es，其余都加-s,potato,potatoes,tomato,tomatoes,hero,heroes,Negro,Negroes,zoo,zoos,photo,photos,4/61,2.,不规则改变,3.,复合名词复数形式有两种,(1),将主体词变为复数，如：,sisterinlawsistersinlaw(,嫂子,),boy classmateboy classmates,组成方法,例词,形式不变,(,单复数同形,),sheep,sheep,deer,deer,Chinese,Chinese,Japanese,Japanese,变内部元音字母,foot,feet,tooth,teeth,goose,geese man,men,mouse,mice,词尾加,-,en/-ren,child,children,ox,oxen,5/61,(2),将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是,man,或,woman,，如：,man workermen workers,woman teacherwomen teachers,4,特殊情况,(1),有些名词只有复数形式，如：,clothes,，,shorts,，,pants,，,scissors(,剪刀,),，,goods,，,glasses(,眼镜,),(2),有些名词以,s,结尾，但不是复数形式，如：,6/61,news,，,maths,，,physics,，,politics,(3),有些物质名词或抽象名词单、复数形式表示不一样含义，如：,room(,空间,)a room(,房间,),work(,工作,)works(,著作,),(4),不可数名词数量表示,不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定数量，如：,a piece of bread/news/paper,一片面包,/,一则新闻,/,一张纸,还可用,much,，,little,，,a little,，,a large amount of,，,some,，,any,，,no,，,lots of,，,plenty of,等来修饰不可数名词，如：,7/61,much money,，,some milk,(5),数词名词形容词组成复合形容词，中间名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式，如：,He is a fouryearold boy.,他是个,4,岁男孩。,(fouryearold,不能说成,fouryearsold),a fivefootdeep hole,一个五英尺深洞,考点三 名词全部格,1,表示有生命人或物名词全部格形式，在此名词词尾加,s,，或直接加,。,(1),单数名词加,s,，如：,Marys book,8/61,(2),以,s,结尾复数名词只加,，不以,s,结尾复数名词要加,s,，如：,the three girls father,这三个女孩父亲,the childrens presents,孩子们礼品,(3),表示几个人共有，仅在最终一个人名字后加,s,；表示各自全部时，需在各个名字后加,s,，如：,Mary and Janes car(,她俩人共有车,),Marys and Janes cars(,她俩各自车,),(4),表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词全部格后面名词习惯上省略。如：,the barbers,the barbers shop,剪发店,9/61,to my aunts,to my aunts house,到我姑姑家,(5),有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命名词，也能够加,s,组成全部格。如：,a weeks time,一周时间,Chinas population,中国人口,2,表示无生命东西全部格形式：名词,of,全部者，如：,the name of the zoo,动物园名字,3,双重全部格：即,of,s,或,of,名词性物主代词，如：,a book of my daughters,我女儿一本书,The friend of his is very kind.,他朋友非常友好。,10/61,考点四 名词句法功效,名词在句中能够作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等。,名词作定语，普通用单数形式。如：,girl students(,女学生,)paper flowers(,纸花,),名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。如：,sports meeting(,运动会),11/61,名词,(,训练时间：,65,分钟分值：,66,分,),12/61,一、单项选择,(33,分,),1,(,山西,)Read the _carefully.They will help you know how to use the popper.,A,Instructions B,decisions C,results,【,解析,】,本题考查名词在语境中利用。,instruction“,说明,”,；,decision“,决定,”,；,result“,结果,”,。由后句,“,它们会帮你知道怎样使用这台爆米花机,”,可判断本句为,“,认真读说明,”,，故,instructions,符合句意。,【,答案,】A,13/61,2,(,河北,)Cici enjoys dancing.Its one of her _.,A,prize,B,prizes,C,hobby,D,hobbies,【,解析,】,本题考查名词。,one of,后接名词复数，表示,“,中一个,”,，故排除,A,、,C,两项；,prize“,奖品,”,，,hobby“,兴趣,”,，跳舞是一个兴趣，故选,D,项。,【,答案,】D,14/61,3,(,天津,)For my homework I have to write a(n)_about the wonders of the world.,A,music B,picture,C,composition D,exam,【,解析,】,本题考查名词在语境中利用。,music“,音乐,”,；,picture“,图画,”,；,composition“,作文,”,；,exam“,考试,”,。,music,是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词,a/an,修饰，故排除,A,项；动词,write,不能和,picture,搭配，也应排除；家庭作业不可能是考试，,D,项也排除。故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,15/61,4,(,哈尔滨,)Boys and girls,，,feeling peaceful is the first step to become _ in the exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down.,A,runners,B,winners,C,players,【,解析,】,本题考查名词在语境中利用。,runner“,跑步者,”,；,winner“,获胜者,”,；,player“,运动员,”,。在考试中应成为获胜者，故,winners,符合句意。,【,答案,】B,16/61,5,(,安徽,)I have great _ in learning math and Im so worried.Could you help me?,Sure.Id be glad to.,A,trouble B,interest,C,joy D,fun,【,解析,】,本题考查名词使用方法。,have trouble/difficulty/problems(in)doing sth.“,做某事有困难,”,。,interest“,兴趣,”,；,joy“,高兴，观赏,”,；,fun“,乐趣,”,，均不符合题意。,【,答案,】A,17/61,6,(,南京,)Mrs Black,could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?,With pleasure.Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _.,A,value B,style C,effect D,mood,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,value“,益处，价值,”,；,style“,格调，文体,”,；,effect“,影响，效果,”,；,mood“,情绪，心情,”,。由语境知,“,写申请信应用正式文体,”,。,【,答案,】B,18/61,7,(,重庆,)Could you please get me some _,？,Im hungry.,A,apple B,water,C,bread D,egg,【,解析,】,本题考查名词使用方法。由第二句,Im hungry.(,我饿了。,),知空格处需填,“,吃东西,”,，故排除选项,B,；选项,A,、,D,均为可数名词，由题干中,some,判断需用可数名词复数或不可数名词，故排除,A,、,D,两项。,bread“,面包,”,，为不可数名词，符合题意。,【,答案,】C,19/61,8,(,武汉,)Im going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit.,OK.Thanks for your _.,A,offer B,information,C,message D,order,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,offer“,提供，提议,”,；,information“,信息,”,message“,口信,”,；,order“,次序，订货，命令,”,。句意为,“,我要去超市。让我为你买些水果吧。,”“,好吧，谢谢你好意。,”,故选,A,。,【,答案,】A,20/61,9,(,上海,)These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _immediately.,A,amusement B,development,C,environment D,government,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,amusement“,娱乐,”,；,development发展,”,；,environment“,环境,”,；,government“,政府,”,。句意为,“,这些自然灾害已经告诫我们每个人应立刻开始保护环境。,”,【,答案,】C,21/61,10,(,黄冈,)Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.,She said she would never forget some pleasant _ while working there.,A,experiments B,expressions,C,experiences D,emotions,【解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,experiment“,试验,”,；,expression“,表示,”,；,experience“,经历,”,；,emotion“,感情,”,。空格所在句句意为,“,她说她永远也不会忘记在那工作时一些美好经历。,”,故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,22/61,11,(,宁波,)Excuse me,where can I exchange _,？,Theres a bank on the second floor.,A,books,B,food,C,money,D,stamps,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。依据答语,“,Theres a bank on the second floor.(,在二楼有一家银行。,)”,可知，要兑换是,“,钱,”,。故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,23/61,12,(,扬州,)Im sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired.,Theres no _ for this while you are at work.,A,cause B,excuse,C,matter D,choice,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,cause“,原因,”,；,excuse“,理由，借口,”,；,matter“,事情,”,；,choice“,选择,”,。由空格所在句句意,“,当你工作时这么做是没有理由,”,知选,B,。,【,答案,】B,24/61,13,(,陕西,)John wants to be a _,，,so he often helps sick people in the hospital.,A,reporter B,doctor,C,scientist D,cook,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,reporter“,记者,”,；,doctor“,医生,”,；,scientist“,科学家,”,；,cook“,厨师,”,。由句意,“,所以他经常在医院里帮助病人,”,知约翰想成为一名医生，故选,B,。,【,答案,】B,25/61,14,(,内江,)I have trouble learning math this term.,You should pay more _to your teachers advice.,A,money,B,attention,C,time,【,解析,】,本题考查名词使用方法。,pay attention to.“,注意,”,，是固定短语，故选,B,。,【,答案,】B,26/61,15,(,盐城,)The two cities have reached an _to develop science and technology.,A,education,B,excitement,C,agreement,D,invention,【,解析,】,本题考查名词使用方法。,reach an agreement“,达成协议,”,，是固定搭配，故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,27/61,16,(,中考变式题,)Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?,Sorry,I know nothing about him.We are_.,A,friends,B,neighbors,C,classmates,D,strangers,【,解析,】,由答语前面,“,对不起，我不认识他,”,，可知这里是指,“,陌生人,”,。,【,答案,】D,28/61,17,(,中考变式题,)I dont think looking after children is just _ work.,A,woman,B,womans,C,women,D,womens,【,解析,】,句意为,“,我认为照看孩子不但仅是女人工作。,”,由句意可判断此处应用名词全部格，又因为,woman,复数形式是,women,，故选,D,。,【,答案,】D,29/61,18,(,中考变式题,)Why are you still waiting in line?,Ive missed my _.,A,place,B,order,C,turn,D,time,【,解析,】,句意为,你为何依然在排队？,”“,我错过了我一次机会了。,”,place“,地方,”,；,order“,次序,”,；,turn“,轮到机会,”,；,time“,时间,”,。经过句意可知，只有,C,项符合题意，故答案为,C,。,【,答案,】C,30/61,19,(,中考变式题,)I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.,Right.It is one of the _ in my school.,A,choices B,plans C,hobbies D,rules,【,解析,】,句意为,“,我听说你天天必须跑步半小时。,”“,是，这是我们学校规则之一。,”,choices“,选择,”,；,plans“,计划,”,；,hobbies“,兴趣,”,；,rules“,规则,”,。所以选择答案,D,。,【,答案,】D,31/61,20,(,中考变式题,)_ mothers cant go to the meeting,because they have gone to New York on business.,A,Alice and Lilys,B,Alices and Lilys,C,Alices and Lily,【,解析,】A,选项是指她们共同母亲；,B,选项表示她们各自母亲；,C,选项没有这种表示形式，首先排除。由后句,they,可知，这里指是她们各自母亲，所以答案为,B,。,【,答案,】B,32/61,21,(,中考变式题,)Something is wrong with my _.I cant see anything around me.,A,nose,B,ears,C,eyes,D,mouth,【,解析,】,看不清周围东西，故应该为眼睛有毛病。,【,答案,】C,33/61,22,(,中考变式题,)The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _.,Yes,it hasnt rained for a long time there.,A,milk,B,tea,C,coffee,D,water,【,解析,】,依据答语可知西南很需要水，故答案选,D,。,【,答案,】D,34/61,23,(,中考变式题,)How far is your home from school?,Its about two _ walk.,A,hours,B,hours,C,hours,【,解析,】,本题考查名词全部格使用方法。两小时旅程表示是,“,two hours walk”,，,hour,需要变复数后加,“,”,，故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,35/61,24,(,中考变式题,)Im not sure about the meaning of the word.,Youd better look it up in a _.,A,letter B,dictionary,C,postcard D,notice,【,解析,】letter“,书信,”,；,dictionary“,字典、词典,”,；,postcard“,卡片,”,；,notice“,布告,”,，依据题意,“,我不知道这个词语意思。,”“,你最好查词典。,”,知答案选,B,。,【,答案,】B,36/61,25,(,中考变式题,)Whose computer doesnt work?,_,，,I think.,A,John has B,John does,C,John D,Johns,【,解析,】,句意为,“,谁计算机出毛病啦？,”“,约翰，我想。,”,故答语应用名词全部格形式，所以答案应选,D,。,【,答案,】D,37/61,26,(,中考预测题,)Oh,my God!We have missed the last bus.What shall we do?,Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.,A,choice B,decision,C,reason D,idea,【,解析,】“have missed the last bus”,和,“,but to take a taxi”,可知是别无选择。句意是,“,哎，天啊，我们已经错过了最终一班车，我们应该怎么办呢？,”“,我想我们除了乘出租车别无选择了。,”,【,答案,】A,38/61,27,(,中考预测题,)Good morning,madam.Can I help you?,Sure,Id like _,，,please.,A,two cups of coffees,B,two cup of coffees,C,two cups of coffee,D,two cup of coffee,【,解析,】coffee,是不可数名词，不能加,s,，排除,A,和,B,；两杯应是,two cups,，排除,D,。故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,39/61,28,(,中考预测题,)Do you know the young lady over there?,Yes.Shes _ mother.,A,Lily and Lucy B,Lilys and Lucys,C,Lilys and Lucy D,Lily and Lucys,【,解析,】,依据空后,mother,可知是两人共有，两人共有某物时，只需要在后一个词后加,s,。句意是,“,你认识那儿那个年轻女士吗？,”“,是，她是莉莉和露西妈妈。,”,【,答案,】D,40/61,29,(,中考预测题,)After walking for more than half an hour,we decided to take _ rest.,A,a few minutes B,a few minutes,C,a little minutes D,a little minutes,【,解析,】minute,是可数名词由,a few,来修饰且要用复数形式，名词以,s,结尾时，全部格直接加,。句意是,“,走了半个多小时后，我们决定休息几分钟。,”,故选,B,。,【,答案,】B,41/61,30,(,中考预测题,)Where are the_,？,They are playing_ basketball on the playground.,A,man teachers;the B,men teachers;the,C,man teachers;/D,men teachers;/,【,解析,】man,作定语时，两个名词都要变复数；球类运动短语中，球类之前不可用冠词，故选,D,。句意是,“,男老师在哪儿？,”“,他们正在操场上打篮球。,”,【,答案,】D,42/61,31,(,中考预测题,)Betty has a silk_.She can sing very well.,A,voice,B,look,C,sound,D,noise,【,解析,】,依据,“,She can sing very well.”,可知她声音很好，人声音用,voice,表示。句意是,“,贝蒂声音好，她能够唱得非常好。,”,【,答案,】A,43/61,32,(,中考预测题,)Oh,there isnt enough_ for us on the bus.,No hurry.Lets wait for the next one.,A,floor B,ground,C,room D,place,【,解析,】,依据,on the bus,和答句可知是没有足够空间够我们用了。句意是,“,哎呀，公共汽车上没有我们足够空间了。,”“,别着急，让我们等下一趟吧。,”,【,答案,】C,33,(,中考预测题,)I saw many _ eating grass,44/61,on the hill.,A,horse B,cow C,deers D,sheep,【,解析,】many,后跟名词复数，,A,，,B,都不是复数，,deer,和,sheep,单复数相同，故答案选,D,。,【,答案,】D,二、依据句意及所给汉语意思写出所缺单词,(15,分,),1,(,苏州,)The Great Wall of China is one of the _(,奇迹,)of the world.,【,解析,】“,奇迹,”,为,wonder,，,one of,后接复数名词。,【,答案,】wonders,45/61,2,(,铜仁,)More and more _(,外国人,)come to visit China.,【,解析,】“,外国人,”,为,foreigner,；,more,是,many,比较级，后接名词复数。,【,答案,】foreigners,3,(,烟台,)After three _(,星期,)holiday,we came back to work.,【,解析,】,本题考查名词全部格使用方法。以,s,结尾复数名词全部格在,s,后加,“,”,。,【,答案,】weeks,46/61,4,(,黄冈,)To our great _(,诧异,),Tom failed to pass the graduation exam.,【,解析,】to ones surprise“,使某人诧异是,”,。,【,答案,】surprise,5,(,宁波,)He cant see the blackboard clearly,so he needs a pair of _(,眼镜,),【,解析,】a pair of glasses“,一副眼镜,”,。,【,答案,】glasses,47/61,6,(,扬州,)We should pay attention to our behavior and try to be good_(,公民,),【,解析,】,由主语,we,知，要填复数形式,citizens,。,【,答案,】citizens,7,(,兰州,)They have planted about five _(,千,)trees in and around the town in the past few years.,【,解析,】,英语中,hundred,，,thousand,，,million,，,billion,等词假如前面有基数词修饰，一律用单数，故填原形,thousand,。,【,答案,】thousand,48/61,8,(,中考变式题,)The camera was one of the greatest _(,创造,)in the 19th century.,【,解析,】,依据空前,“,one of the greatest”,可知用名词复数。句意是,“,摄影机是十九世纪最伟大创造之一。,”,【,答案,】inventions,9,(中考变式题,)How many times do you brush your_(,牙齿,)every day?,【,解析,】tooth,复数形式是,teeth,。,【,答案,】teeth,49/61,10,(,中考变式题,)Please tell me the_(,胜利者,)telephone number.I want to interview him.,【,解析,】,句意是,“,请告诉我胜利者电话号码，我想采访他。,”,胜利者是,winner,，其全部格在其后加,s,。,【,答案,】winners,11,(,中考变式题,)There are many fresh_(,土豆,)in the supermarket.,【,解析,】,因句中有,many,many,后接名词复数，,potato,复数是,potatoes,。,【,答案,】potatoes,50/61,12,(,中考预测题,)Thank you very much for your_(,邀请,),But Im so sorry that I cant come to your party tomorrow.,【,解析,】,空白处前有,your,修饰，故要用名词形式，而,invite,名词是,invitation,。,【,答案,】invitation,13,(,中考预测题,)Take a short rest after two_(,小时,)hard work,and you wont feel too tired.,【,解析,】,前面有,two,，所以应该用,hour,复数形式,hours,名词全部格。,【,答案,】hours,51/61,14,(,中考预测题,)Great_(,改变,)have taken place in our hometown.,【,解析,】,句中谓语动词是,have taken place,，所以主语要用复数形式。,【,答案,】changes,15,(,中考预测题,)A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in _(,西南方,),Chinas Sichuan Province on May 12th.,【,解析,】,表示,“,偏方向,”,时，先说南北，再说东西，故西南方为,southwest,。,【,答案,】southwest,52/61,三、依据句意及所给首字母补全单词,(18,分,),1,(,芜湖,)A _is the fourth month of the year.,【,解析,】,一年第四个月份是,April,。,【,答案,】April,2,(,铜仁,)My h_ is collecting stamps.I have collected thousands of stamps.,【,解析,】,集邮是一个兴趣，故填,hobby,。,答案,】hobby,53/61,3,(,铜仁,)Mark Twain was born in the USA and English was his mother t _.,【,解析,】mother tongue“,母语,”,。由句意,“,马克,吐温出生于美国，英语是他母语。,”,可知答案。,【,答案,】tongue,4,(,成都,)My mother is a nurse.She works in a famous h _.,【,解析,】,由常识知护士工作地点是医院。,【,答案,】hospital,54/61,5,(,桂林,)If you are in danger,remember to dial(,拨,)the telephone n _110 at once.,【,解析,】,句意为,“,假如你碰到危险，记住立刻拨电话号码,110,。,”,故填,number,。,【,答案,】number,6,(,桂林,)Do you know what the p_ of China is now?,Its over 1.3 billion.,【,解析,】,由答语知，上句是问现在中国人口是多少，故填,population,。,【,答案,】population,55/61,7,(,中考变式题,)New Year is a traditional f_ for Chinese people.解析,】,依据,New Year,和,traditional,可知是节日。句意是,“,新年对中国人来说是传统节日。,”,【,答案,】festival,8,(,中考变式题,)Tomorrow is my cousins birthday.Im going to buy a g_ for her.,【,解析,】,依据,“,my cousins birthday”,可知想买生日礼品。句意是,“,明天是我堂妹生日，我将给她买一件礼品。,”,【,答案,】gift,56/61,9,(,中考变式题,)If theres something wrong with your teeth,，,youd better go to see a d_.,【,解析,】,依据,“,something wrong with your teeth”,可知要看牙医。句意是,“,假如你牙齿出毛病了，你最好去看牙医。,”,【,答案,】dentist,10,(,中考变式题,)W_ is the coldest season of the year.,【,解析,】,依据,“,the coldest season of the year”,可知是,winter,。句意是,“,冬天是一年中最冷季节。,”,【,答案,】Winter,57/61,11,(,中考变式题,)We dont go to the c_ much for movies because we have a video.,【,解析,】,依据,movies,可知是,cinema,。句意是,“,我们不经常去电影院看电影，因为我们有一个录像机。,”,【,答案,】cinema,12,(,中考变式题,)When summer comes,day becomes longer and n_ becomes shorter.,【,解析,】,谓语动词是第三人称单数形式，故主语要用单数。,【,答案,】night,58/61,13,(,中考预测题,)P_ are my favourite animals and they live only in China.,【,解析,】,谓语动词是,are,，所以主语用复数形式。,【,答案,】Pandas,14,(,中考预测题,)Would you like to see the movie with me?Ive got two t_.,【,解析,】“,票,”,英文单词为,ticket,，复数为,tickets,。,【,答案,】tickets,59/61,15,(,中考预测题,)Mary is such a shy girl that its hard for her to sing in p_.,【,解析,】in public,为固定词组，在公众场所。,【,答案,】public,16,(,中考预测题,)Bill