高考英语阅读理解长难句的处置省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,英语阅读了解长难句处理技巧,第1页,阅读了解文章普通都选自国外一些网站或者杂志，是原汁原味美文，有些词汇和句式难度较大。词汇利用灵活，高级词汇较多，同一词不一样词性使用方法交替出现。句式复杂，长句、意思隐晦句、复合句较多，定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句出现频率较高。那么正确了解长难句式考生做好阅读了解题一个关键。,第2页,一个英语句子之所以难以了解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长非谓语动词短语等等。这些从属成份常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使原来完整句子被断开，因而增加句意了解难度。分析长难句基本方法是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句,;,然后，找出句子关键成份，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子从属成份。下面我们来谈谈几个长难句处理技巧。,第3页,寻找谓语动词,找到了谓语动词，就说明有句子存在。首先，怎样寻找谓语动词呢？很简单，有时态改变动词就一定是谓语。然后，顺着谓语动词往前找，假如有引导词存在，说明这个谓语动词所在句子就是个从句，在依据句子成份判断这是哪中从句：,This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a face underlined by statistics that show that out of eithty European television networks no less than 50%took a loss in 1989.,假如顺着谓语动词往前找，却没有引导词存在，这就说明这个动词是主句谓语动词，那它前面就是助于，后面就应该是宾语或表语。,第4页,寻找并列连词,常见并列连词有,and,but,yet,or,so,for,not onlybut also,看到这些单词或短语，普通就有并列结构存在，而且很可能存在着省略问题。如：,They are the possession s of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held respensible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.,第5页,寻找引导词,普通从句是由引导词来引导。所以找到引导词就找到了从句，在依据引导词前单词确定其是什么从句,如：,Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.,第6页,寻找名词,普通长句子中，名词后只要不是位于动词，其后普通都有修饰限定成份，即定语或同位语。也就是说，我们只要能寻找到名词且名词后不是谓语动词，就可确定其后内容是用来修饰或解释前面名词。,Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that aives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.,第7页,寻找动词不定式或分词,动词要作谓语，若不作谓语，就可能在句,以分词、动名词或不定式形式出现。,寻找介词,有介词普通都会有介词短语，在句子中充,表语、定语、状语等,第8页,假如待处理长难句为一个复杂单句，可这么处理：跳读修饰成份，快速找出主谓结构。这么一来，我们便能够将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。详细步骤是：先跳读修饰成份或附加成份，找出句子主干并了解其意义,;,然后再分段了解修饰成份或附加成份。,第9页,假如待处理长难句为一个复杂并列句，可这么处理：先找出其中并列连词，然后再依据并列连词意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最终再依据不一样语境关系正确了解句意。,第10页,假如待处理长难句为一个复杂主从复合句，可这么处理：先分清主句与从句，然后搞清名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。注意，搞清从句性质对于了解复合句意思至关主要。,第11页,另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，假如既能正确了解句意，又能将其准确地译成汉字，那是最好了。不过，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内,(,如在参加考试时,),将其译成汉字比较困难，此时只要能正确了解其意思就行了，假如硬要勉为其难地译成汉字，不但会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。,第12页,句子：,简单句：主干,并列句：并列连词,复合句：隶属连词,第13页,下面这篇文章共有,194,个单词，却只有,9,个句子，平均每个句子大约有,22,个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读了解中一篇比较经典集中含有长难句文章。,A 38-square-mile island,is the farthest inhabited island in the world,according to the Guinness Book of Records.It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St.Helena,and 1,950 miles west of Africa.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(,葡萄牙海军上将,)of the same name in 1506,and settled in 1810,the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.,Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant islandis Easter Island,which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour,Pitcairn Island,and 2,300 miles west of South America.,The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century,supposedly by people who were lost at sea.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures,called moai,for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday,1722,however,settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name.Today,2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(,智利领土,).They share one street,a small airport and a few hours of television per day.,第14页,【,解题分析,】,1.,跳读插入语：请看文章第一段第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干：,Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world(Tristan da Cunha,是世界上无人居住最偏僻岛屿,);,第二步了解附加插入语部分：,a 38-square-mile island(,该岛面积为,38,平方英里，而且这是吉尼斯统计之一,),，这么该句话意思就弄明白了。,第15页,2.,跳读非谓语动词短语：我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面非谓语动词短语，找出主干：,the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred(,该岛是英国领土，人口大约几千,),。然后再来了解前面非谓语动词短语：,Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506,and settled in 1810(,这个岛屿是在,1506,年被一个名叫,Tristan da Cunha,葡萄牙海军上将发觉，,Tristan da Cunha1810,年开始有些人居住,),。经过这么分解难度，我们读得轻松，了解得准确。,第16页,3.,跳读分隔现象：请看文章第二段，这一段有,35,个单词，却只有一句话。因为该段既包含了分隔现象，又包含了定语从句，又有一个同位语，而且该句还是一个倒装句。假如从前到后按照次序来了解，未免有点繁杂，抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间内容，同时也要暂时搁置后面非限制性定语从句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序：,Easter Island is coming in a close second(Easter Island is coming in a close secondEaster Island,是紧跟第二最偏僻岛屿,);,然后再了解分隔符号之间内容和后面定语从句等附加成份：,Easter Island,经常被误认为是最偏僻岛屿，它在最临近岛屿,(Pitcairn Island)东面,1,260,英里，在南美西面,2,300,英里。,第17页,4.,跳读定语从句：定语从句在阅读了解中是很常见，有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句用来限定所修饰词，与之关系非常亲密，阅读时要尤其注意二者亲密联络，跳过限制性定语从句找到主句后要马上回头了解它含义，确定它与先行词修饰关系。如文章第三段第一个句子里就有一个限制性定语从句：,who were lost at sea.,阅读时一定要注意它与,people,亲密联络：不是他人而是在大海里迷路人五世纪左右在那里定居。而非限制性定语从句与所修饰词关系不是很亲密，主要起补充说明作用，它可能出现在主句中间，也可能出现在句尾。假如它出现在句中，阅读时能够跳过去然后再来了解，也能够一起顺便读过去。假如非限制性定语从句出现在句尾，那阅读时很方便，看完主句后附带着看一下就能够了，因为它只是对先行词补充说明。如这一段最终一句：,for which the island is most famous.,看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年，使得岛上人们有充分时间来修建一千多具巨大石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。,第18页,以下段落均选自近几年高考英语阅读了解文章，都有一定难度，请你用以上方法试一试：,1.Decision thinking is not unlike poker it often matters not only what you think,but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET.C,篇,),第19页,2.Dad,in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run,had forgotten to wear his safety belta mistake 75%of the US population make every day.(NMET1999.D,篇,),第20页,3.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.(NMET.C,篇,),第21页,4.It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers,although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced,the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.(NMET.E,篇,),第22页,5.Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.(NMET.E,篇,),第23页,1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.(NMET.C,篇,),这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批出色数学大师为难，包含一位法国女科学家，她在处理这个难题方面取得了重大进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。,简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。,第24页,2.It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers,although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced,the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.(NMET.E,篇,),第25页,因为因特网使用，计算所使用纸张数量是极难，然而几乎任何在办公室工作人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张日益需求主要是因为因特网越来越多使用。,简析：夹杂较复杂句型结构，关键词,just about,几乎,;overtime,超时地。,第26页,3.Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself,which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.(NMET.E,篇,),或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张需求最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景新市场之一。,简析：夹杂较复杂句型结构，关键词,promising,有前途。,第27页,4.The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood,such as agricultural waste.(NMET.E,篇,),这个行动组也发觉一个人们可接收纸，制成这种纸原料不是木料，而是农业废料。,简析：关键词,other than,而不是。,第28页,5.Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese,these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.(NMET.D,篇,),这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语人们了解形式。,简析：关键词,term,术语。,第29页,6.It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers shelves.(NMET.D,篇,),它是现在很畅销许多外语书中一本。,简析：比喻生动形象。,第30页,阅读技能训练,(2),了解长难句,(,上,),下面句子摘自,年全国各地高考英语试题阅读了解部分。准确了解它们，对做好后面对应试题至关主要。请在下面横线上填上适当内容，并注意领会了解长难句思绪和方法。,第31页,anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(,回想录,)of ralph w.tyler,who is one of the most famous men in american education.,68.who are most probably interested in ralph w.tylers memoir?a.top managers.b.language learners.c.serious educators.d.science organizations.,第32页,an evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months progress in just one year,whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months progress,and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age.(,山东卷,b,篇,),第33页,62.what do we know about reading recovery?a.an evaluation of it will be made sometime this year.b.weak readers on the project were the most hardworking.c.it aims to train special teachers to help children with reading.d.children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.,第34页,in a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers,a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.(,上海卷,d,篇,),第35页,76.eco-friendly tents in paragraph 1 refers to tents _.a.economically desirable b.favorable to the environmentc.for holding music performances d.designed for disaster relief,第36页,