高中英语语法知识点总结：将来时.docx

考向一  一般将来时
1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划或安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5.一般现在时表将来。
a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开？
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
6.用现在进行时表示将来。
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗？
【易混辨析】

考向二  过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的结构
（1） would + 动词原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
（2）was / were going to + 动词原形
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。
（3）was / were to + 动词原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。
（4）was / were about to + 动词原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。
（5）was / were +现在分词。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。

3. 过去将来时的用法
（1）过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
（2）过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
【归纳拓展】
was / were going to + 动词原形，was / were to + 动词原形，was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。