8-9.American-Beginnings(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,American Beginnings,美利坚合众国（,America;American;United States;USA;the United States,）简称美国,1,How much do you know about the United States,2,国旗：星条旗,(,the star-spangled banner,),。,红色象征强大和勇气，白色代表纯洁和清白，蓝色象征警惕、坚韧不拔和正义。道宽条代表最早发动独立战争并取得胜利的个州，颗五角星代表美利坚合众国的州数。,3,4,国徽：主体为一只胸前带有盾形图案的白头海雕（秃鹰，,piebald,），它是美国的国鸟，,是力量、勇气、自由和不朽的象征。,盾面，其寓意同国旗。鹰之上的顶冠象征在世界的主权国家中又诞生一个新的独立国家,美利坚合众国；,顶冠内有颗白色五角星，代表美国最初的个州。,鹰的两爪分别抓着橄榄枝和箭，象征和平和武力。,鹰嘴叼着的黄色绶带上用拉丁文写着“,合众为一”,，意为美利坚合众国由很多州组成，是一个完整的国家。,5,国歌：,星条旗永不落,（“,the star-spangled banner”,曾译,星条旗,歌），歌词是一位名叫弗朗西斯,斯科特,基的美国律师在英美战争时，透过战场上的硝烟看到星条旗经过英军炮轰后仍在要塞上空高高飘扬时感慨万分而即景写下的。曲谱是“进行曲之王”苏萨的著名代表作。,星条旗永不落,于年被美国国会正式定为国歌。,星条旗永不落,歌词中文大意是：啊！在晨曦初现时，你可看见是什么让我们如此骄傲？在黎明的最后一道曙光中欢呼，是谁的旗帜在激战中始终高扬！烈火熊熊，炮声隆隆，我们看到要塞上那面英勇的旗帜在黑暗过后依然耸立！啊！你说那星条旗是否会静止，在自由的土地上飘舞，在勇者的家园上飞扬？,6,oh,say,can you see,by the dawns early light,what so proudly we haild at the twilights last gleaming?whose broad stripes and bright stars,thro the perilous fight,oer the ramparts we watchd,were so gallantly streaming?and the rockets red glare,the bombs bursting in air,gave proof thro the night that our flag was still there.o say,does that star-spangled banner yet waveoer the land of the free and the home of the brave?on the shore dimly seen thro the mists of the deep,where the foes haughty host in dread silence reposes,what is that which the breeze,oer the towering steep,as it fitfully blows,half conceals,half discloses?now it catches the gleam of the mornings first beam,.,7,国花：,玫瑰花，象征着美丽、芬芳、热忱和爱情。,国石：,蓝宝石,国鸟：,白头海雕（秃鹰）。,年月日第二次大陆会议发表了,独立宣言,并决定新生的美国必须有一个特殊的国徽。,年月日，美国国会通过决议，把北美洲特有的白头海雕作为美国的国鸟，并把这种鸟作为国徽图案的主体。,白头雕外观美丽、性情凶猛，头上有丰满的羽毛，它的最大特点是两头白，即白头白尾。,它代表着勇猛、力量和胜利。,8,美国的绰号叫“山姆大叔”。,传说年英美战争期间，美国商人山姆,威尔逊（,1766.9.13-1854.7.31,）在供应军队牛肉的桶上写有“,u.s.”,，表示这是美国的财产。这恰与他的昵称“山姆大叔”,(“Uncle Sam”),的缩写,(“u.s.”),相同。,“山姆大叔”就逐渐成了美国的绰号。,十九世纪三十年代，美国的漫画家又将“山姆大叔”画成一个头戴星条高帽、蓄着山羊胡须的白发瘦高老人。,年美国国会通过决议，正式承认“山姆大叔”为美国的象征。,国庆日：,月日（美国独立日，,年,）,9,10,What is an American?,P33,This question was first asked by Frenchman,he published a book entitled,Letters from an American Farmerin which he posed the question answered it himself:,New race of men,Mixture of blood,Melting pot,11,A New Land,The American continents were peopled as a result of immigration movements,1.prehistoric hunters from Asia,2.16th and 17th century:Europe and Africa people,for better life,for religious or political reasons,for business profit,convicts(,囚犯,)for trifle offense,indentured,（契约）,servants,P46,negroes,12,Old period:before A.D.500,Mid ages:A.D.500-1500,Europe was under the single spiritual authority,-Roman Catholic Church,Wakening of Europe and the discovery of America were caused by three forces in 16th and 17th century,Europe in the 16th and 17th century,13,1.The development of capitalism-:the bourgeois class and the working class were produced,2.The Renaissance:the God-centered world was challenged by the great progress in natural and social science.,3.The religious reformation,14,Religious Reformation,Martin Luther,1517,Direct communication with God,All believers are priests,“the individual is as alone before the almighty a man facing the evening sky-nothing can stand between him and god.The Christian man must examine and judge for himself.”,15,The Protestant Reformation,John Calvin,King Henry set up the church of England,These religious reforms reflected the rise of nationalism in Europe,represented the demand of the bourgeois class for free development and expressed the desire of ordinary working class,P36,The 13 English colonies were planted in North America,16,The first 13 colonies in America,The Settlement in Virginia,Puritans in New England,Catholic Maryland,Quakers in Pennsylvania,17,Who when where why,1st English gentlemen 1607 Virginia wealth,2nd Puritans,1620 new England religious freedom,3rd Catholics 1632,Maryland religious freedom,4th Quakers 1681,Pennsylvania religious freedom,18,The 1st settlement in Virginia,Two events,which would influence the shaping of American culture:,1.In 1619,the delegates elected from various communities met as the House of Burgesses to discuss,along with the governor and his council members23,2.A Dutch ship brought in over 20 Negroes as servants,The two events combined constituted a unique American phenomenon,P37,19,Puritanism,清教,清教主义,Founded by English puritans,The differences,of the beliefs between catholic and Protestant,P38,1.God and Man,2.Predestination,3.Work Ethics,4.Education,Such Puritan beliefs were,heretical,(hiretikl,adj.,异教的,异端的,)to the Church of England,so they were persecuted.,20,Puritanism s influence on American society and culture,A city upon hill-an ideal community,Sense of mission,A strain of often intolerant moralism,Respect of education,Hard work,Individualism,21,Catholic Maryland,What is the reason for the founder to carry out the feudal plan?,Why was the feudal plan dropped?,Protestant settlers far outnumbered the Catholics,the protestant majority were capitalistic-minded people and refused to carry out the feudal plan,The wilderness of North America provided plenty of land while labor was scarce.,The colony followed a capitalist development road,22,Quaker Pennsylvania,The beliefs of Quakers,P41,The differences in religious beliefs among Catholics,Puritans and Quakers,Holy experiment:encouraging the spirit of liberty and equality;,P42,the policy of separation of state and church,Penns holy experiment had great impact on American culture,some American founding fathers were inspired by Penns experiment,23,The American Revolution,Those four patterns set by the early colonial leaders were filled with meanings for the future development of the United States,The 13 English colonies in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics,economy and cultural life,The Peace of Paris(in 1763)gave Britain title to Canada and all of North American,Britains victory led directly to a conflict with its American colonies,24,Two events,led directly to the independent war:,1.charging new taxes;,2.British troops stationed in the colonies,In 1773,“Boston Tea Party”,The American war of Independence,began in 1775,In 1781,the War of Independence ended,In 1783,the Treaty of Paris,Britain recognized the independence of the United States.,25,John Locke,Treatise of Civil Government,The Social Contract,His philosophy on government,and rights of the people,natural rights natural law human law,26,“,All men are naturally free and equal in the state of nature.”“Men living together according to reason without a common superior on earth,with no authority to judge between them,is properly the stated of nature.”,27,“The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it,which obliges everyone,and reason which is that law,teaches all mankind who will but consult it,that being all equal and independent,no one ought to harm another in his life,health,liberty or possessions.”,28,