I---Process-of-Translation(翻译过程).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lecture 2,Process and Means of Translation,1,I.Process of Translation（翻译过程),The Process of translation consists of two phases:,comprehension and expression,.Generally speaking,comprehension is of foremost importance,and expression is the natural consequence of thorough comprehension.,2,i).,Thorough,Comprehension,e.g.,-三十周年纪念,a)30 anniversary,b)Commemoration of the 30,th,anniversary,-黄河母亲,a)Mother of the Yellow River,b)the Yellow River,our mother,3,ii),Expression,eg.-Mr.Brown thinks that family life is not enough without friends even it is,fulfilling布朗先生认为，没有朋友的家庭生活，即使很,美满,，也是不够的。,-他长得黑黝黝的，身材偏瘦而匀称，而他头发颜色浅浅的，眼睛碧蓝。,Hes dark and slim,and hes got fair hair and blue eyes.,4,Sophisticated,a sophisticated,man,a sophisticated,woman,a sophisticated,columnist,a sophisticated,electronic device,a sophisticated,weapon,a sophisticated man 老于事故的,a sophisticated woman 狡黠的,a sophisticated columnist 老练的,a sophisticated electronic device 高度精密的,a sophisticated weapon 尖端的,5,II.Means of Translation（翻译方式）,i)literal translation(直译),The so called literal translation,superficially speaking,means,“not to alter the original words and sentences”;strictly speaking,it strives“to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.It takes sentences as its basic units and takes the whole text(discourse)into consideration at the same time in the course of translation.Furthermore,it strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech.,6,Successful literal translation,-armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿,-gentlemens agreement 君子协定,-Chain reaction 连锁反映,-Crocodiles tears 鳄鱼泪,-纸老虎 paper tiger,7,ii)liberal/free translation(意译),an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speeches.,-Adams apple 喉结,-at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟,Literal translation and free translation,however,are relative concepts.In other words,there is no absolute“literal”,nor entirely“free”version in the practice of translation,and overemphasizing either of them would result in ridiculous consequences.,8,I love tiger cat,British movies on public television,fluffy blouses,the,nuclear family,A)我爱虎猫，-（爱）电影上放映的英国影片，有绒毛是短衫，,核心家庭(stiff translation),B)我喜欢豹猫，喜欢公共电视台播放的英国电影，喜欢蓬松柔软的棉毛衫，喜欢,一夫一妻的家庭,。,9,Terms Concerning Translation Studies,Interpretation,vs,translation,.According to the,medium,by which the,information,is transferred,translation in broad sense can be classified into interpretation(oral)and translation(written).,10,Literary Translation,Literary translation includes the translating of,fiction,poetry,drama,etc.In literary translation,a translator is supposed to pay much attention to the language arts.To transfer,the information,is not the only purpose of literary translation,to create,an equivalent form of art,is also an important part of task of the translator.In this sense,a translator who is engaged in literary translation is supposed to be equipped with not only at least,two languages,but also,relevant literary knowledge.,11,Non-literary translation,Non-literary translation are those which are not included in literary translation,like the translation of social-science,science and technology,and other more subjects.,12,Source language vs.Target language,source language,-refers to the language from which the message is transferred;,target language-,refers to the language into which the message is translated.,13,Literal Translation,Free Translation,literal translation,-a traditional term concerning translation method.It reveals the translators preference to the form correspondence.,free translatio,n-a traditional term concerning translation method.It reveals the translators preference to the transfer of content instead of the form.In another way,it may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to produce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.And it is adopted only when and where It is really impossible for translators to do literal translation.,14,Transliteration,transliteration,-The transference of sounds from one phonological system to another,but because the phonological systems are different from one another and because any one phonological system may not be completely phonemic,problems inevitably arise.,15,Cultural Context,cultural context,-that part the Context which includes both the total culture within which a communication takes place and the specific nonlinguistic circumstances of the communication.,16,Cultural Translation,cultural translation,-a translation in which the content of the message is changed to conform to the receptor culture in some way,and/or in which information is introduced which is not linguistically implicit in the original;opposed to linguistic translation,17,Equivalence,equivalence,-a very close similarity in meaning,as opposed to similarity in form,18,Dynamic Equivalence,quality of translation in which the message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the response of the receptor is essentially like that of the original receptors.Frequently,the form of the original text is changed;but as long as the change follows the rules of back transformation in the source language,of contextual consistency in the transfer,and of transformation in the receptor language,the message is preserved and the translation is faithful.The opposite is formal correspondence.,19,Formal Correspondence,formal correspondence,-quality of a translation in which the features of the form of the source text have been mechanically reproduced in the receptor language.Typically,formal correspondence distorts the grammatical and stylistic patterns of the receptor language,and hence distorts the message,so as to cause the receptor to misunderstand or to labor unduly hard;opposed to dynamic equivalence.,20,Exercises,1.If you see any green in his eye,you are wrong.,2.You have my sympathy.,3.All our sympathies are with you.,4.Im not a smoker.,5.Stop selling me to him,6.Im up to my necks in your bullshit.,7.There is no pot so ugly it cant find a lid.,21,Key to exercises,1.If you see any green in his eye,you are wrong.,如果你认为他幼稚的话，那你就错了。,2.You have my sympathy.,我同情你。,3.All our sympathies are with you.,我们大家都同情你。,4.Im not a smoker.,我不抽烟。,5.Stop selling me to him,别在他面前美言我了。,6.Im up to my necks in your bullshit.,你让我倒他妈的八辈子邪霉了。,7.There is no pot so ugly it cant find a lid.,姑娘再丑，也不愁配偶。/锅子再癞，也不愁找个盖。,22,