非谓语动词@高考直通车(课堂PPT).ppt

语法专项突破系列,5.非谓语动词,考点1,非谓语动词作状语,1.不定式作状语,功能,用法,原因状语,多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后,目的状语,可与so as to/in order to替换,但so as to一般不可置于句首,结果状语,常表示意想不到的结果,常用only to do,I was satisfied to hear the news.(原因状语),To meet the movie star I got up very early.(目的状语),I rushed to school only to find nobody was there.(结果状语),【点津】,不定式表结果的固定结构:,only/just to.;too.to.;so/such as to.;.enough(for sb.)to.,2.分词作状语,功能,用法,现在分词作状语,用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果等,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,且含有进行之意,功能,用法,过去分词作状语,用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随等,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且含有完成之意,功能,用法,源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态,不表示被动关系,其前不用being,常见的有:seated(坐着的)、hidden,(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in,(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等,Not knowing what to do,I had to wait here.,Given more attention,the children could have grown better.,Absorbed in reading,we all didnt hear the sound.,Having driven all day,we were rather tired.,【点津】,把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系,区别现在分词与过去分词;不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果,现在分词作结果状语为客观上、顺其自然而产生的结果;准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法;现在分词的完成式having done或者完成被动式having been done,都是表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系,同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词主动或者被动发生。,3.有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有:,generally speaking 一般来说,frankly speaking 坦白地说,judging from/by.根据来判断,considering./taking.into consideration,考虑到,to tell you the truth 说实话,seeing.鉴于/由于,supposing 假设,如果,assuming 假使,given 考虑到,鉴于,provided(that.)如果,4.独立主格结构,独立主格结构的特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系;独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。独立主格结构的构成:,名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词;,名词/代词+形容词;,名词/代词+副词;,名词/代词+不定式;,名词/代词+介词短语;,with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语。,The test finished,(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。,The president assassinated,(=After the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.,总统被刺杀了,全国上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中。,Weather permitting,(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。,【典题印证】,用所给词的适当形式填空,(2014天津高考)Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only,(find)it didnt fit.,解题关键:,根据句中的Anxiously,she took the dress out of.(她迫不及待地从拿出裙子)和it didnt fit(它不合身)可知是出现了意料之外的结果,故用only to do。only to do/only to be done表示意料之外的结果。,答案判定:句意:她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子,试穿了一下,结果发现它不合身。故填to find。,【高考集训】,用所给词的适当形式填空,1.(2014福建高考)_(spend)the past year as an exchange,student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her,age.,2.(2014湖南高考)_(free)ourselves from the physical and,mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.,3.(2014天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully _(write),the book,inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.,Having spent,To free,written,4.(2014四川高考)I hope to take the computer course.,Good idea._(find)out more about it,visit this website.,5.(2014重庆高考)Group activities will be organized after class _,(help)children develop team spirit.,6.(2012四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport,only _(find)his,plane high up in the sky.,To find,to help,to find,考点2,非谓语动词作定语,定语形式,功能,现在分词一般式doing,表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中,现在分词一般式的被动结构being done,表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中,定语形式,功能,过去分词一般式done,表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成,动词不定式to do,表示将要发生的动作,动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done,表示将要被做的动作,The boy(sitting by the window)is Tom.,The matter(being discussed now)is of great importance.,The boy(named Tom)was hurt in the car accident.,Everything(to be done)is well-prepared.,【点津】,准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系;准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间,即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。,【典题印证】,用所给词的适当形式填空,(2014山东高考)Theres a note pinned to the door,(say)when the shop will open again.,解题关键:,首先分析句子结构可知There be句型中有谓语动词is,然后根据语意可知要用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看,note与say之间是主动关系,用现在分词结构作后置定语。另外,题干中的过去分词短语pinned to the door也作note的后置定语。,答案判定:句意:门上钉着一个便条,上面写着这家商店何时将再开张。所以填saying。,【高考集训】,用所给词的适当形式填空,1.(2014北京高考)There are still many problems _(solve),before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.,2.(2014大纲版全国卷)Today there are more airplanes _,(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.,to be solved,carrying,3.(2014浙江高考)Annie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her,school days by a nurse _(appoint)to guard her.,4.(2014北京高考)Last night,there were millions of people _,(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.,5.(2014重庆高考)The producer comes regularly to collect the,cameras _(return)to our shop for quality problems.,appointed,watching,returned,6.(2013辽宁高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she,got home,there was a pile of mail _(wait)for her.,7.(2013天津高考)In some languages,100 words make up half of all,words _(use)in daily conversations.,8.(2013陕西高考)The witnesses _(question)by the police,just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.,waiting,used,questioned,考点3,非谓语动词作补语,1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel)等后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。,The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.,2.热点动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。,Paul doesnt have to be made to learn.He always works hard.,3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb.to do sth.等。,The patient was warned not to eat oily food.,4.with复合结构常用形式:,John received an invitation to dinner,and,with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.,With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.,With the little boy leading the way,we had no difficulty finding the village.,【点津】,注意作补足语的三种非谓语动词形式to do,doing,done之间的区别,把握动作是主动、被动还是进行。,具体分析作宾语补足语的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系,再结合动作发生的时间(未发生、正在发生或已经发生)来选择合适的形式。,【典题印证】,用所给词的适当形式填空,(2014江西高考)He is thought,(act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.,解题关键:,be thought后应该接不定式,act发生在think之前,故应该用不定式的完成式作主语补足语。,答案判定:句意:他被认为举止愚蠢。现在失去这份工作只能怨他自己,不能怨别人。所以填to have acted。,【高考集训】,用所给词的适当形式填空,1.(2014四川高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new,products _(develop)after great effort.,2.(2013陕西高考)Let those in need understand)that we,will go all out to help them.,developed,understand,3.(2013北京高考)When we saw the road _(block)with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.,4.(2012辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the,park with their pet dog _(follow)them.,blocked,following,考点4,非谓语动词作宾语,非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式:,1.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keep on,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to等。,I admit breaking the window.,2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,mean,plan,fail,choose,would like等。,If I fail to appear by 7 oclock,I will not be coming at all.,3.既可用动名词作宾语、又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:remember,forget,regret,stop,go on,need,start,begin,try等。,Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.,I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper.,4.it作形式宾语,代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。,I think it important to learn English well.,【典题印证】,用所给词的适当形式填空,(2014陕西高考)Its quite hot today.Do you feel like,(go)for a swim?,解题关键:,feel like意为“想要”,后面接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”。,答案判定:句意:今天很热。你想去游泳吗?故填going。,【高考集训】,用所给词的适当形式填空,1.(2014新课标全国卷)One morning,I was waiting at the bus stop,worried about _(be)late for school.,2.(2014北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go,shopping without _(recognize).,3.(2014辽宁高考)Keep _(hold)your position for a while.It,helps develop your strength and flexibility.,being,being recognized,holding,4.(2014江西高考)When it comes to _(speak)in public,no one,can match him.,5.(2013上海高考)Young people may risk _(go)deaf if they are,exposed to very loud music every day.,6.(2013江苏高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake,and _(reduce)to ruins,the city took on a new look.,7.(2012安徽高考)I remembered _(lock)the door before I left the,office,but forgot to turn off the lights.,speaking,going,being reduced,to lock,考点5,非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他,1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。,(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。,(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有:It is/was no use/good+doing sth.;It is/was not any use/good+doing sth.;It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.;It is/was useless doing;Its a waste of time of doing sth.等。,2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”,而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。,The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.,3.固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth.+but(to)do sth.中的不定式用法,此结构要遵循前有实义动词do,but后则无to,反之则有to的原则He did nothing but save the child without hesitation.,【典题印证】,用所给词的适当形式填空,(2014福建高考)For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying,(connect).,解题关键:,本句中的关键词是stay(保持),它是一个系动词,后接形容词作表语。stay connected是“stay+形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。故填connected。,【高考集训】,用所给词的适当形式填空,1.(2014广东高考)We got a little _(sunburn),but,the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.,2.(2014湖南高考)_(understand)your own needs and,styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your,affection and emotions.,3.(2014新课标全国卷)It took years of work _(reduce)the,industrial pollution and clean the water.,sunburned/sunburnt,Understanding,to reduce,4.(2014山东高考)Its standard practice for a company like this one,_(employ)a security officer.,5.(2013浙江高考)_(hear)how others react to the book you,have just read creates an added pleasure.,6.(2013重庆高考)The engine just wont start.Something seems _(go)wrong with it.,7.(2012陕西高考)If he takes on this work,he will have no choice but _(meet)an even greater challenge.,to employ,Hearing,to have gone,to meet,