非谓语动词PPT幻灯片课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,1,定义：在句子中不是谓语动词叫做非谓语动词,.,在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语,.,即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分,形式：它有三种形式：不定式,(to do),，分词（现在分词,doing,、过去分词,done,），动名词,(doing),非谓语动词（非限定动词）,2,非谓语动词特征：,1,）无人称和数的变化。,2,）不失去原意，可以加上自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。,3,）否定式不用借助于助动词在谓语动词前加,not,另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分,非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制,。,3,He,likes,to sing,.,They,like,to sing,.,The man,walking,in front,was,carrying a book.,The men,walking,in front,were,carrying books.,4,非谓语动词,主,宾,表,定,状,宾补,To do,doing,Doing,done,5,to do doing doing(,分词,),to be done being done being done,to have done having done having done,to have been done,having been done,having been done,to be doing,to have been doing,过去分词只有,一种形式,done,既,可以表被动也可以完成,6,1 to do,短语作主语,To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.,动词不定式短语作主语时，常用,it,作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：,It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.,It means failure to lose your heart.,常用句式,有：,1,、,It+be+,名词,+to do,。,2,、,It takes sb.+some time+to do,。,3,、,It+be+,形容词,+of sb+to do,。,4,、,It+be+,形容词,+for sb.+to do,。常用,careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的,sb.,可作其逻辑主语。,7,例如,To do,作主语,To talk with her is a great pleasure.,To learn from others is very important.,It is a great pleasure to talk with her.,It is very important to learn from others,.,2,.,作 表语,Her wish is to become a famous singer.,Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.,8,3.,作宾语,He wishes,to go abroad to have a further study.,We have decided,to give them a hand,.,I want,to watch TV.,常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,9,I was the first woman,to travel alone at the North pole.,Shang hai is the first city in the world,to have built a highspeed maglev train.,4.,作定语,10,5 To do,作状语,表目的：,He worked day and night to get the money.,She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.,注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：,wrong,：,To save money,every means has been tried.,right,：,To save money,he has tried every means.,11,表结果：,He arrived late to find the train gone.,常用,only,放在不定式前表示强调：,I visited him only to find him out.,A few years later he came home to find his home town changed.,I hurried to the post office,only to find it was closed.,表原因：,They were very sad to hear the news.,表程度：,Its too dark for us to see anything.,The question is simple for him to answer.,12,6.,作宾补,在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如,I want you to wash the car.,下动词常跟这种复合宾语：,want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.,Her wonderful career inspires many people,to believe,success is within reach for everyone.,What the teacher said encouraged us,to try our best at our work,13,有些动词如,make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have,等与不带有,to,的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加,to,如：,I saw him cross the road.,He was seen to cross the road.,14,（二）动名词：,动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。,1,动名词的形式,：,（,1,）一般式：,Seeing,is believing.,眼见为实。,（,2,）被动式：,He came to the party without,being invited,他未被邀请就来到了晚会。,（,3,）完成式：,We remembered,having,seen the film.,我们记得看过这部电影。,（,4,）完成被动式：,He forgot,having been,taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.,他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。,15,（,5,）否定式：,not+,动名词,I regret not following his advice.,我后悔没听他的劝告。,（,6,）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）,+,动名词,He suggested our trying it once again.,他建议我们再试一次。,His not knowing English troubled him a lot.,他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。,16,2,动名词的句法功能,（,1,）作主语：,Reading aloud,is very helpful.,朗读是很有好处的。,Collecting stamps,is interesting.,集邮很有趣。,当动名词短语作主语时常用,it,作形式主语,Its no use quarrelling.,争吵是没用的,.,Working in a company,is my wishhosing what to eat,is no longer as easy as it once was.,17,（,2,）作表语：,1,In the ant city,the queens job is laying eggs.,在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。,2 A good way of saying“I am full”is,moving,the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.,3 My job is,teaching,you English.,18,（,3,）作宾语：,They havent finished building the dam.,他们还没有建好大坝。,We have to prevent the air from being polluted.,我们必须阻止空气被污染。,注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语,it,，例如：,We found it no good making fun of others.,我们发现取笑他人不好。,19,I prefer,watching TV and playing computer games.,要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：,enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit,（承认），,deny,（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk,（冒险）,appreciate,（感激）,be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,cant help,（情不自禁地）,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keep from,stop,（,from,）,protectfrom,set about,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like,20,（,4,）作定语：,He cant walk without a walking-stick.,他没有拐杖不能走路。,Is there a swimming pool in your school?,你们学校有游泳池吗？,Eating,habits become part of who we are.,They want to go to the,reading,room this afternoon.,21,三,.,分词的用法现在分词,/,过去分词,),现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。,In the,following,years he worked even harder.,过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾,-ed,构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。,Our class went on an,organized,trip last Monday.,上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。,22,三,.,分词的用法,(,现在分词,/,过去分词,),1.,作表语,(,具有形容词的特征）,This book is very,interesting,.,This play is very,moving,and instructive,.,The cups are,broken,./,He is,married.,比较：,The spirit is,inspiring,the people all over the country.,His report is,inspiring.,23,2.,作定语,Oprahwinfrey is a black woman,who rises to fame with an,inspiring,story.,It is a seven-day festival,celebrating the culture and history of African American,.,s there was another car,coming,in the other direction.,We also make choices,based on how the products are grown or made.,Perhaps the best example of,universally understood,body language is the smile.,24,3.,作状语,Lying on the ice,I would soon die.(,时间,),I struggled to my knees,knowing,that some how I had to put my tent up for shelter.(,伴随,),His parents died,leaving him a orphan.(,结果,),Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.(,分词的完成时态作时间状语,).,Heated,ice begins to melt.,Inspired by the spirit of the hero,they worked even harder.,25,Pressing ones palms together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand,while closing,the eyes,as if sleeping,.means “I am tired,”,When asked,the question,I gave a clear and exact answer.,If invited,I will go to the party together with you.,如果强调分词短语所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作同时发生。分词短语前用when,、,while,。,26,4.,作宾补,Other nutrients help keep our body,functioning well.,With the work,done,we went out to play,.,We found the students,reading,outside,.,We found our hometown completely,changed.,非谓语动词的否定式,:,“not+to do/doing/done”,构成,Not knowing,what to do,he turned to the teacher for help.,She started early,so as not to be late,.,27,现在分词和过去分词的区别,1.,语态上不同,an exciting story /an excited person,a moving film /a moved audience,a leading cadre /an unknown hero,a tiring journey /a tired football player,分词在句中作表语、定语、,状语、宾补,。,28,2.,时间关系上不同,developing countries/developed countries,the changing world/the changed world,boiling water /boiled water,the falling leaves /the fallen leaves,29,注意：,.to do,和,doing,作主语和表语用法相同。表示,泛指,意义的行为时多用动名词（也可用,to do,）,但表示,具体的行为,（特别是将来的行为）时，必须用,to do,。,主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上应该一致。,Seeing is believing,。,/To see is to believe,。,His hobby is collecting stamps,。,Her wish is to become a singer,。,30,2.,动名词 作宾语时,在意义上比较,一般和抽象,时,间观念不强,不指某一次动作。动词不定式作,宾语常表示,某个具体动作。,He likes,swimming,but he doesnt like,to swim,today.,只能跟,to do,的动词,want,、,wish,、,hope,、,expect,、,decide,、,agree,、,manage,、,promise,、,pretend,31,只能跟动名词的动词,enjoy,、,finish,、,mind,、,miss,、,avoid,、,risk,、,suggest,、,escape,、,practise,、,insist on,、,give up,二者皆可无区别,begin,、,start,、,like,、,hate,、,prefer,、,continue,、,intend,二者皆可但有区别,stop,、,remember,、,forget,、,try,、,regret,、,mean,32,Exercise,Those _ the children from abroad will come to the headmasters office?,A.teaching B.teach C.who teaches,D.Who teaching,2.The picture _ on the wall is painted,by my nephew.,A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs,D.being hung niece,侄女,33,3.When the first English settlers arrived in the,New World,the Indians _ jewellery made,of animal bones greeted them warmly.,A.wearing B.to wear C.worn,D.having worn,4.There are hundreds of visitors _in front of,the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs,paintings.,A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait,34,7.Victor apologized for_ to inform me of the,change in the plan.,A.his being not able B.him not to be able,C.his not being able D.him to be not able,8.The prize of the game show is$30000 and,an all expenses _vacation to China.,A.paying B.paid C.to be paid,D.being paid,35,9.More and more people are,signing up for,Yoga classes nowadays,_ advantage of,the health and relaxation benefits.,A.taking B.taken C.having taken,D.having been taken,10,._ into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply,breakdowns.,A.Put B.Putting C.Having put D.Being put,36,