句子种类和类型(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,English Grammar,Sentence II,浙江宁波华茂外国语学校 薛洪波,1,英语句子种类与类型,I、,句子种类（按交际用途分）,陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、,THERE-BE,存在句,II、,句子类型（按句子结构分）,简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句,提 纲,2,I、,句子种类（按交际用途分）,陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、,感叹句、,THERE-BE,存在句,3,1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。,She arrived early.,She cannot have arrived now.,注：1）,半否定句,I,hardly,know anything about it.,2）,部分否定句,与,全否定句,I don,t like both the films.,I like neither Cathy nor Mary.,3),否定转移,I don,t think it will be very cold today.,(believe,expect,suppose,imagine),I、,句子种类,4,2、疑问句 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。,I、,句子种类,1）一般疑问句,用来询问一件事，答案通常是,yes,或,no，,注意语序。,Have you,anything,to say?,Did,someone,phone me last night?,Can,t,you understand it?,Isn,t,it a beautiful lake?,-Haven,t you been to the UK?,-,No,I haven,t.,5,2）特殊疑问句,疑问词有,who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how,等。,I、,句子种类,（1）陈述语序,Who was the first man in space?,（2）,倒装语序,Who are you talking about?,注：,A、,简略式,Why not go alone?Why get so angry?,How/What about taking a rest?,B、,复杂特殊疑问句,What,do you,think,he has,done?,6,I、,句子种类,3）选择疑问句,(1),以一般疑问句为基础,Is he a teacher,or,a doctor,or,a policeman?,Shall I help you,or,can you manage?,(2),以特殊疑问句为基础,Which do you prefer,red wine,or,white?,How shall we go there?By bus,or,by train?,7,I、,句子种类,4）反义疑问句,问：+，-？或-，+？,答：+，+.或-，-.,1.Tom hardly knows French,_ _?,2.,Mary didnt fail her exam,did she?,-_,she didn,t.,3.You needn,t come,_ you?,You need to come,_ you?,4.He had a big time there,_ he?,He had a car,_ he?,We hardly have to get up early,_ we?,5.He used to live in Leeds,_ he?,8,6.,Let,s go to the match at once,_ we?,Leave me alone,_ you?,7.They have been learning to drive,_ they?,8.No one was hurt,_ _?,9.There is no doubt()about it,_ _?,10.Anna hasn,t got to go to school on Sunday,_ she?,I、,句子种类,4）反义疑问句,9,3、祈使句,表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。,I、,句子种类,1）带第二人称的祈使句,Be quiet,please.Don,t make any noise!,You,call a taxi.Don,t,you,forget it.(,强调),Give me a hand,will/won,t/would/wouldn,you?,2）带第一、三人称的祈使句,Let me try again.Let,s go.Let us go.,Let,s not say anything about it./Don,t let,s say,Let him be here by 10 o,clock.,10,I、,句子种类,3、祈使句,注意：,1、加强语气,Do be careful of my broken leg.,Do let me have another try.,2、,祈使句的省略式,A:Shall I open the window?,B:Yes,please,do,./No,please,don,t,.,A:Shall we watch the game?,B:Yes,let,s,.,11,4、感叹句,由,what,或,how,引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。,I、,句子种类,What a cute baby it is!,What fine weather we have today!,What a good time we had last night!,How foolish she is!,How clearly you speak!,How clever a boy he is!,*,What a dirty room,_ _?,What interesting films,_ _?,12,I、,句子种类,5、,THERE-BE,存在句,There is a clock on the table.,Once there lived a king called Lear.,There goes the bell!,Here come the bus.Here he comes.,There used to be a village at the foot of the mountain.,There is certain to be a heavy rain tonight.,There seems to be some misunderstanding.,There is a baby crying in the next door.,There being no bus,we had to walk home.,13,II、,句子类型（按句子结构分）,简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句,14,二、句子类型,1、简单句,只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。,All roads lead to Rome.,He got up,dressed quickly,washed himself and went out.,Is he a superman?,Don,t be shy.Have a try.,The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.,15,二、句子类型,2、并列句,包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词,and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;both,and,either,or,neither,nor,not only,but also,as well as,等来连接。,He is a basketball fan,and,his wife is a volleyball fan.,Honey is sweet,but,the bee stings.,Don,t be late,for,there is a meeting.,Hurry up,or,you,ll be late.,He works hard,while,his brother is a lazy bone.,He was enjoying his KFC,when,a friend came.,16,二、句子类型,3、复合句,复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。,（1）名词性从句,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。,宾语从句注意事项：,引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态,。,主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：,引导词、语序、语态,。,注意：1、,whether,与,if,的区别；,2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一,般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变,来的呢？,17,二、句子类型,3、复合句,（2）定语从句=先行词+,引导词,+其它。,引导词,的选用取决于：,1）先行词；,2）先行词的修饰语；,3）引导词在定语 从句中的成分。,注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；,18,3、复合句,(3)状语从句 即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：,1、时间（,after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,every time,next time;no sooner,than,hardly,when,）；,2、地点（,where,wherever,）；,3、方式（,as,as if,as though,）；,4、程度（,as,as,more than,so,that,such,that,）；,二、句子类型,19,5、原因（,because,since,as,now that,that）；,6、结果（,so that,so,that,such,that）；,7、目的（,so that,in order that,in case）；,8、条件（,if,unless）；,9、让步（,though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,no matter how,whether）。,二、句子类型,(3)状语从句,20,二、句子类型,3、复合句,并列复合句 即并列连词连接了带 从句的并列句。,English is widely used in the world,but,China has the largest number of people,who speak Chinese,.,21,