托福阅读题型练习.docx

托福阅读题型练习

托福阅读如何进行备考?除了大量的托福词汇储备以外，大家可能最必须要的就是托福阅读真题的学习。那么除了TPO你还有哪些托福阅读真题进行学习呢?今天我就为大家整理了托福阅读题型学习：工作时间的文本、题目以及答案，希望可以帮助到大家。

托福阅读文本：
According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870s, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920s.
In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 1930s. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.
The Depression years of the 1930s brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940,and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States.
Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker,compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week
(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week
(C)A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industries
(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution
2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth
century
(A) remained constant
(B) decreased slightly
(C) decreased significantly
(D) increased significantly
3. The word norm in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) minimum.
(B) example
(C) possibility
(D) standard
4. The word henceforth in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) in the end
(B) for a brief period
(C) from that time on
(D) on occasion
5. The idea mentioned in line 15 refers to
(A) the 60-hour workweek
(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles
(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories
(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse
6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the
United States during the 1930s?
(A) Several people sometimes shared a single job.
(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.
(C) Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.
(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.
7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938 ?
(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages
(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek
(C) to allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workers
(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek
8. The word mandated in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) required
(B) recommended
(C) eliminated
(D) considered
9. The word immutable in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) unmatched
(B) irregular
(C) unnecessary
(D) unchangeable
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has
been declining since the nineteenth century?
(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)
(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)
(C) United States Steel and Westinghouse (line 14-15)
(D) German metalworkers (line 21)
2新托福阅读真题

托福阅读部分，具体的考试题目内容的回忆，可以作为背景知识，辅助我们更好地备考。因为托福考试中，也有可能重复出题，因此关于旧题的备考，也不容忽视。为大家整理了11月4日的托福阅读题目回忆，一起来看看吧!

托福考试日期：
2018年11月4日
托福考试内容回忆：
Plants and aridity
沙漠地区植物缺水，是那么它们是如何生存下去的?首段介绍了植物的适应机制，在条件好的时候快速完成生长周期(参照真题 the role of diapause)。这种适应机制并不是唯一，而是多样化的。
3托福阅读十大题型系统解析

新托福阅读考试中共有十种题型，具体有：

Basic Information and Inference questions (12 to 14 questions per set )
1. Factual Information questions (3 to 6 questions per set ) 细节题
2. Negative Factual Information questions (0 to 2 questions per set ) 排除题
3. Inference questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set ) 推断题
4. Rhetorical Purpose questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set ) 修辞目的题
5. Vocabulary questions ( 3 to 5 questions per set ) 词汇题
6. Reference questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set ) 指代题
7. Sentence Simplification questions ( 0 to 1 questions per set ) 简化句子题
8. Insert Text questions ( 0 to 1 questions per set ) 插入句子题
Reading to Learn questions (1 question per set )
9. Prose Summary 文章内容小结题
10. Fill in a Table 完成图表题
4托福阅读快速做题的小技巧

托福考试中，阅读部分的时间是最紧迫的。因此在平常的学习中，我们要多掌握一些提速的技巧，争取合理的分配好各部分的考试时间。下面就让我们一起来看看吧!
考试时间该如何分配?
托福阅读时间一般是 60 分钟，共有三篇阅读文章。如果碰到加试，会多两篇文章，时间会增加 40 分钟，共100分钟。
每篇文章有12-14道题目，都是选择题。依据考试时间和文章数量的关系来看，每篇文章必须控制在 20 分钟以内。其中阅读文章花 6-8 分钟，完成题目花 12-14 分钟。
因为实际的考试中有难有易，并且会有紧张等突发状况，所以要在学习中学会预留时间。在平常的学习中就对自己要求更高一些，才干在考试中发挥出正常的水平。要想压缩做题时间，提升效率，必须要掌握一些阅读快速做题的小窍门。
快速做题有小窍门?
答案是 YES!!
在考场中，很少有童鞋能完整细致的读完所有文章的，但阅读做出满分也不少，这是为什么呢?其实我们发现，做阅读是有很多技巧方法的。下面就是学姐为大家整理的六种小窍门
抓关键词，准确定位
考生在做题过程中，要熟练掌握依据关键词进行定位的技巧。这一技巧可以帮助大家加快解题速度，提升正确率。因为大部分托福阅读题目考查的是考生对文章细节的理解，答案基本上都能在文章中找到。
拿到一个题目，我们先找题干中可以用来定位的关键词，比如专有名词、数字、符号等，然后依据关键词回到原文进行定位。有时候文章中不一定会出现和关键词一模一样的词，但很可能是关键词的同义替换词。
善于使用排除法
托福阅读中有些题目枝干信息太多，但都是干扰项，如果逐字阅读的话会很浪费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向，如果有几项答案自相矛盾或者意思显然相反，就可以直接排除，然后再对模糊选项进行确认，这时候再回到正文中细读相关信息就会很省力。一般状况下，排除法是比较容易培养的套路，考生要善于使用这一技巧提升做托福阅读时间。
句子顺序变化
问句中所含信息与文章中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同，甚至前后完全倒置。这种状况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。还应注意到文章中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到，甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息，这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。
查找同义词、近义词
在托福阅读考试中，能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。
1、词形完全相同;
2、词义相同，即同义词;
3、词义相近，但并非同义;
4、词义相关。
上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中，第一种当然容易辩认，第二种同义词也相对不难，但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认，所以要在阅读过程中多加比较学习。如能攻破这一关，则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。
猜读词义
托福阅读时间紧凑，没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所碰到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难，则不必理会它的词义，但所碰到的词使你在理解全文，甚至回答问题时出现困难，则要设法去推测其词义。
推测词义要从两方面着手：
1、依据其所在句子的上下文，及前后的词语，探其究竟。
2、如果依据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的还是否定的，实际上这对你理解的意图已足够了。
长句短读
长句短读马上一个长句子读成一个相对短的句子。以对长句子内容作总结式归纳，找出所陈述的要点。这种能力的培养对托福阅读考试的帮助极大，考生应在平常勤加学习。

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