量子力学入门-英语课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,What is quantum mechanics?,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Quantum Mechanics,量子力学,Hello,everyone!,My name is Zheng Zerui,from School of Materials Science and Engineering.,My teammates are Zhang Yuhan,Wang Yabo,Wu Qihang,Li Wei,Zhang Wei,Li Jiang,Chen Penghui.,大家好！,我是材料学院的郑泽锐，我的队友有张宇寒、王亚博、吴起航、李伟、张维、李江、陈鹏辉。,1,Albert Einstein,Many people have the idea that quantum mechanics is far from us and it is so complex that only geniuses have the ability to know it.,许多人认为量子力学离我们很远，并且只有天才们才能了解它。,2,Is quantum mechanics far from us?,量子力学离我们真的很远吗？,No,it is just around us.,当然不是，它无处不在！,3,Laser,激光,4,Those all rely on the theory of quantum mechanics.,这些先进的仪器都是依靠量子力学作为理论基础的。,Electron Microscope,电子显微镜,Scanning Picture,扫描图片,5,Semiconductor,半导体,The theory of semiconductor based on quantum mechanicsmake information industry flourish.,基于量子力学的半导体理论，使信息产业蓬勃发展。,6,小米,iPhone,The 21,st,century will become information age,，,quantum age!,21,世纪将会变为信息时代，量子时代！,iPad-3,7,Now we see that quantum mechanics is not far from us.,现在我们知道了量子力学与我们紧密相关。,Is quantum mechanics really complicated?,那么，量子力学真的那么复杂吗？,Absolutely not,it is very easy.,当然也不是，其实它是很简单的。,8,The Origin of Quantum Mechanics,量子力学的起源,In 1900,Planck Put for,ward a hypothesis that energy is radiated and absorbed in discrete quanta,or energy elements,which successfully matched the observed patterns of black body radiation.,1900,年，普朗克提出能量的发射和吸收是按“一份一份”进行的假说，这个假说成功的解释了黑体辐射模型。,Planck,9,The Origin of Quantum Mechanics,量子力学的起源,in 1905,，,Einstein used Plancks quantum hypothesis realisticallyto explain thephotoelectric effect.,1905,年，爱因斯坦用普朗克的量子假设成功地解释了光电效应。,Einstein,10,The Develop of Quantum Mechanics,量子力学的发展,In 1913,，,Bohr,proposed that electrons travel only in certain orbits and that any atom could exist only in a discrete set of stable states,，,and developed a new theory of the atom.,1913,年，波尔提出了电子是按固定轨道运行和电子只能处于一些离散的稳定状态的假设。在此基础上，他推动了新的原子理论的发展。,Bohr,11,The Develop of Quantum Mechanics,量子力学的发展,The word quantum derives from Latin,meaning“how great”or“how much”.In quantum mechanics,it refers to a discrete unit that quantum theory assigns to certain physical quantities.,量子这个词语来源于拉丁语，意思是“多大”或“多少”。在量子力学中，它指一些不连续的物理量。,Light spectrum,12,The Develop of Quantum Mechanics,量子力学的发展,In 1926,Erwin Schrdinger formulated Schrdinger equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time.,1926,年，埃尔温,薛定谔提出了薛定谔方程，这个方程用来描述物理系统中量子态是怎么样随时间变化的。,schrdinger,13,Quantum Mechanics,量子力学,For a general quantum system,Schrdinger equation is,14,Quantum Mechanics,量子力学,15,Quantum Mechanics,量子力学,In conclusion,there are two points:,A.Quantum mechanics is founded by the hypothesis that energy is discrete.,B.The core work of quantum mechanics is calculating the,Schrdinger equation.,So quantum mechanics is very easy.,总而言之，这儿有两点比较重要：,A.,量子力学是以能量是不连续为假设建立的。,B.,量子力学的核心工作就是计算薛定谔方程。,所以说，量子力学是很简单的。,16,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory,量子力学,VS,相对论,Until now,we know that both quantum mechanics and relativity theory are absolutely right.But there are some paradoxes between them,，,which may be the origin of revolution theory.,迄今为止，我们知道量子力学与相对论都是非常正确的理论。但是，它们之间还是存在一些不兼容的地方。这些地方有可能成为未来革命性理论的起点。,17,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory,量子力学,VS,相对论,Round one:About Black Hole,第一回合：关于黑洞,According to the relativity theory,if a particle meet with singular point,it can never come out.But quantum mechanics say that it can escape by possibility.,根据相对论，如果一个粒子与黑洞的起点相遇，那么它再也不能跑出来了。但量子力学却说，它能以一定概率逃出来的。,18,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory,量子力学,VS,相对论,Can a particle escape from the black hole?It is still a unsolved mystery.,一个粒子能成黑洞中跑出来吗？这至今是个未解之谜。,19,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory,量子力学,VS,相对论,Round two:About Velocity,第二回合：关于速度,According to the relativity theory,nothing can travel faster,than light velocity.But quantum entanglement shows us that,one particle can affect another with no time,no information.,根据相对论，没有什么东西比光速还快。但量子纠缠态向我们展示，一个粒子能在瞬间影响其它地方的粒子，并且不需要传递什么作用力。,20,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory,量子力学,VS,相对论,Scientists do not care who is right,they are designing quantum computer which is based on the theory of quantum entanglement.,科学家们不管谁对谁错，他们已经在设计基于量子纠缠态的量子计算机。,quantum computer,量子计算机,21,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory,量子力学,VS,相对论,Round three:About Possibility,第三回合：关于概率,Einstein did not believe in the uncertain principle,so he said,God does not play dice.,Bohr,in response,said Einstein,dont tell God what to do.,爱因斯坦不相信量子力学的不确定原理，于是他说，上帝是不会掷骰子的。,波尔则回复说，你不要告诉上帝该做什么事。,22,Quantum Mechanics VS Relativity Theory,量子力学,VS,相对论,God does not play dice!,上帝可不会掷骰子！,Dont tell God what to do!,不要告诉上帝该做什么！,VS,23,Quantum Mechanics,量子力学,History will tell people who is right finally.,However,they are both heroes!,历史自然会告诉谁对谁错。但无论如何，这些科学家们都是真正的英雄！,Before we get truth,there is a long way;but if we pursue it without stop,we will smile at last.,路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索！,Here is a song for you.,与大家分享首歌曲。,24,My lecture is over!,Thanks for your view!,我的演讲到此结束！,谢谢大家捧场！,25,