初中化学方程式大全.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,初中化学方程式大全,1.,制取,O,2,：,2KMnO,4,K,2,MnO,4,+MnO,2,+O,2,2KClO,3,2KCl+3O,2,MnO,2,2H,2,O,2,2H,2,O+O,2,MnO,2,2.,制取,CO,2,：,CaCO,3,+2HCl=CaCl,2,+,H,2,O,+CO,2,3.,制取,H,2,：,Zn,+,H,2,SO,4,=ZnS,O,4,+H,2,初中化学方程式大全,4.,检验,C,O,2,：Ca(,OH),2,+,CO,2,=CaC,O,3,+,H,2,O,5.,O,2,的化学性质：,C,+,O,2,CO,2,（,O,2,充足）,2C,+O,2,CO,（,O,2,不足）,点燃,点燃,4P+5O,2,2P,2,O,5,点燃,S+O,2,SO,2,点燃,3Fe+2O,2,Fe,3,O,4,点燃,2Mg+O,2,2MgO,点燃,4Al+3O,2,2Al,2,O,3,(Al,抗腐蚀性能好原因,),2H,2,+O,2,2H,2,O,点燃,2CO+O,2,2CO,2,点燃,CH,4,+2O,2,CO,2,+2H,2,O,（甲烷,-,最简单的有机物,）,点燃,C,2,H,5,OH+3O,2,2CO,2,+3H,2,O,(,乙醇）,点燃,C,6,H,12,O,6,+6O,2,6CO,2,+6H,2,O,(,葡萄糖）,酶,O,2,的化学性质：,2H,2,O,2H,2,+O,2,通电,6,、电解水：,7,、还原反应：,（,C,、,CO,、,H,2,具有还原性）,Fe,2,O,3,+3CO,2Fe,+3CO,2,(,炼铁原理）,高温,CuO+CO,Cu,+CO,2,CuO+H,2,Cu,+,H,2,O,2CuO+C,2Cu,+CO,2,（两种黑色固体反,应生成一种红色固体）,高温,2Fe,2,O,3,+3C,4Fe,+3CO,2,高温,Fe,2,O,3,+3H,2,2Fe,+3,H,2,O,高温,Fe,3,O,4,+4CO,3Fe,+4CO,2,高温,Fe,3,O,4,+2C,3Fe,+2CO,2,高温,Fe,3,O,4,+4H,2,3Fe,+4H,2,O,高温,还原反应：,CO,2,CO,C,CaCO,3,H,2,CO,3,Na,2,CO,3,物质间的,相互转换：,8,、,CO,2,和,H,2,CO,3,的相互转化,：,CO,2,+H,2,O=,H,2,CO,3,H,2,CO,3,=,CO,2,+H,2,O,(,碳酸易分解）,CO,和,CO,2,的相互转化,：,CO+O,2,2CO,2,(CO,有可燃性,),点燃,CO,2,+C,2CO (,C,将,CO,2,还原成,CO)高温,Na,2,CO,3,和,CO,2,的相互转化,：,Na,2,C,O,3,+,2HCl=2,Na,Cl,+,H,2,O,+CO,2,2NaOH+CO,2,=Na,2,CO,3,+H,2,O,CaCO,3,和,CO,2,的相互转化,：,CaC,O,3,+,2HCl=,CaCl,2,+,H,2,O,+CO,2,CaC,O,3,CaO,+CO,2,高温,Ca(OH),2,+CO,2,=CaCO,3,+H,2,O,9,、置换反应：,金属活动顺序表：,K,、,Ca,、,Na,、,Mg,、,Al,、,Zn,、,Fe,、,Sn,、,Pb,、,钾 钙 钠 镁 铝,/,锌 铁 锡 铅,（,H,）、,Cu,Hg,、,Ag,、,Pt,、,Au,氢,/,铜 汞 银 铂 金,Mg,+,2HCl=Mg,Cl,2,+,H,2,活泼金属与稀盐酸或稀硫酸的反应：,Zn,+,2HCl=Zn,Cl,2,+,H,2,Fe,+,2HCl=Fe,Cl,2,+,H,2,2Al,+,6HCl=2Al,Cl,3,+3,H,2,Mg,+,H,2,SO,4,=,Mg,SO,4,+,H,2,Zn,+,H,2,SO,4,=Zn,SO,4,+,H,2,2Al,+3,H,2,SO,4,=Al,2,(,SO,4,),3,+3,H,2,Fe,+,H,2,SO,4,=Fe,SO,4,+,H,2,活泼金属置换出不活泼金属：,Fe,+,CuSO,4,=Cu+FeSO,4,Cu,+2,AgNO,3,=2Ag+Cu(NO,3,),2,10,、金属氧化物与酸的反应：,(,复分解反应）,Fe,2,O,3,+,6HCl=2Fe,Cl,3,+3,H,2,O,CuO+,2HCl=,CuCl,2,+,H,2,O,Fe,2,O,3,+,3H,2,SO,4,=Fe,2,(,SO,4,),3,+3,H,2,O,CuO+,H,2,SO,4,=,CuSO,4,+,H,2,O,MgO+,2HCl=Mg,Cl,2,+,H,2,O,11,、酸与碱的中和反应：,(,复分解反应）,HCl+,NaOH,=,Na,Cl,+,H,2,O,2HCl+,Ca(OH),2,=,CaCl,2,+2,H,2,O,H,2,SO,4,+2,NaOH,=,Na,2,SO,4,+2,H,2,O,H,2,SO,4,+,Ca(OH),2,=C,a,SO,4,+2,H,2,O,3HCl+,Al(OH),3,=,Al,Cl,3,+3,H,2,O,2HCl+,Mg(OH),2,=,MgCl,2,+2,H,2,O,12,、酸与盐反应：,(,复分解反应）,CaC,O,3,+,2HCl=,CaCl,2,+,H,2,O,+CO,2,Na,2,CO,3,+2HCl=2,Na,Cl+H,2,O+CO,2,NaH,CO,3,+HCl=,Na,Cl+H,2,O+CO,2,Na,2,CO,3,+,H,2,SO,4,=,Na,2,SO,4,+H,2,O+CO,2,2NaH,CO,3,+,H,2,SO,4,=,Na,2,SO,4,+2H,2,O+2CO,2,HCl+,AgNO,3,=,Ag,Cl+H,NO,3,H,2,SO,4,+,Ba(NO,3,),2,=,BaSO,4,+2H,NO,3,13,、碱与非金属氧化物反应：,Ca(OH),2,+CO,2,=CaCO,3,+H,2,O,(,检验,CO,2,),Ca(OH),2,+SO,2,=CaSO,3,+H,2,O,2NaOH+CO,2,=Na,2,CO,3,+H,2,O,(,除去,CO,2,),Ca(OH),2,+SO,3,=CaSO,4,+H,2O,2NaOH+SO,2,=Na,2,SO,3,+H,2,O,2NaOH+SO,3,=Na,2,SO,4,+H,2,O,14,、碱与盐反应：,Ca(OH),2,+,Na,2,CO,3,=CaCO,3,+H,2,O,2NaOH+,CuSO,4,=,Cu(OH),2,+Na,2,SO,4,3NaOH+FeCl,3,=Fe,(OH),3,+3NaCl,2NaOH+,Mg,Cl,2,=,Mg(OH),2,+2NaCl,3NaOH+Al,Cl,3,=,Al(OH),3,+3NaCl,等等。,15,、碱与铵盐反应：,Ca(OH),2,+2,NH,4,Cl,=CaCl,2,+2,NH,3,+2,H,2,OCa(OH),2,+2,NH,4,NO,3,=Ca(,NO,3,),2,+2,NH,3,+2,H,2,O,Ca(OH),2,+(,NH,4,),2,SO,4,=Ca,SO,4,+2,NH,3,+2,H,2,O,Ca(OH),2,+(,NH,4,),2,CO,3,=Ca,CO,3,+2,NH,3,+2,H,2,O,NaOH+,NH,4,Cl,=NaCl+,NH,3,+,H,2,O,NaOH+,NH,4,NO,3,=Na,NO,3,+,NH,3,+,H,2,O,2NaOH+(,NH,4,),2,SO,4,=,Na,2,SO,4,+2,NH,3,+2,H,2,O,2NaOH+(,NH,4,),2,CO,3,=,Na,2,CO,3,+2,NH,3,+2,H,2,O,16,、,NH,4,HCO,3,易分解,：,NH,4,HCO,3,=,NH,3,+,CO,2,+H,2,O,17,、盐与盐反应：（复分解反应）,NaCl,+,AgNO,3,=AgCl+NaNO,3,Na,2,SO,4,+,Ba(NO,3,),2,=,BaSO,4,+2Na,NO,3,Na,2,CO,3,+,Ba(NO,3,),2,=,BaCO,3,+2Na,NO,3,CaCl,2,+,Na,2,CO,3,=,CaCO,3,+2Na,Cl,等等。,颜色,-,物质归纳：,黑色固体：,CuO,、,C,（木炭）、,MnO,2,、,Fe,3,O,4,、,铁粉（,Fe,）,红色固体：,Cu,（金属铜）、,Fe,2,O,3,(,铁锈成分）、,红磷（,P,）,蓝色沉淀：,Cu(OH),2,红褐色沉淀：,Fe,(OH),3,蓝色溶液：含,Cu,2+,(,如,CuSO,4,、,CuCl,2,、,Cu(NO,3,),2,等溶液）,浅绿色溶液：,含,Fe,2+,(,如,FeSO,4,、,FeCl,2,、,Fe(NO,3,),2,等溶液）,黄色溶液：含,Fe,3+,(,如,Fe,2,(SO,4,),3,、,FeCl,3,、,Fe(NO,3,),3,等溶液）,其他沉淀白色,