国外著名建筑师的生态建筑思想比较---原文.docx

原文:
Ecological building and rather well-known
foreign architects
Abstract
Generally stating the concept and the expression of ecologicalbuildings and comparing Thomas Herzog and Norman Foster’ s theories andworks of ecological buildings to learn and acknowledge ecologicalbuildings， this article wants to stimulate Chinese architect s’ attentionand consideration of ecological building by the Outstanding achievementof the two masters.
Key Words
Expression form of ecological building, Theory Of ecologicalbuilding. Ecological esthetic
Now, with the people continue to enhance the prevention of environmentalpollution and maintaining ecological balance awareness, as well as urbangreening, increasing development, to create low energy, sustainabledevelopment of eco-building environment of the new building research, moreand more attention and respected. So, what kind of building could be calledeco-buildings?
1. The concept of eco-building
The so-called eco-building, according to the local natural environment,the use of the principle of ecology, building technology, science and otherrelevant subject knowledge, reasonably arrange and organize therelationship between buildings and other relevant factors in the field andthe environment form an organic combination of overall, and suitable forhuman dwelling. Ecological building must meet the following four points:f irst, to be coordinated with the surrounding environment, and hasprotective effects on the surrounding ecological environment; buildings
精选综合文档must not be on the natural environment caused by pollution or destructionof buildings within the user can better to enjoy nature and feel thatconferred comfortable and pleasant; The interior design should try toreturn to nature, such as natural lighting, natural ventilation, use ofsolar energy, the ideal indoor green; Fourth, a variety of substances, thesource within the building systems can be ordered cycle of conversion. Tosum up is to achieve respect for the environment and return to nature2 Manifestations of ecological building
For the above definition, the present ecological architecture instance,manifestations of ecological building can be summarized as follows:2. 1 building energy efficiency
View to the current architectural trend, low-power has become one ofthe important symbol of ecological building. The more common way to solar,wind, hydro, geothermal and other non-polluting energy, directly orthrough technology transfer, building use form, to help the building toreduce energy consumption in lighting, ventilation, heating, etc..
2. 2 Building pollution prevention and control
pollution prevention and control of the building is an important partof the ecological construction. The core issue of environmental protectionhas always been one of the waste problem. People's concept of pollutioncontrol to focus only on production, the life process in swagman graduallyturned to the building from construction to operation and maintenance ofpollution control in the process.
2. 3 building re-use resources
In the entire world's energy consumption 50% in building construction,maintenance and use of consumption, so efficient use of resources,recycling and reduce the impact on the natural environment is theconstruction of resource use in ecological building to be rapidly improvingl ink.
In recent years, the emergence of ecological building materials ③
精选综合文档alleviate this problem. First of all the main characteristics of savingresources and energy, followed by reducing environmental pollution, andf inally the easier covey and recycling.
Above discussion, a certain understanding of the ecological building.However, in order to further study the ecological building, is not enoughto rely on theoretical explanations, we need to analyze some examples,theory and practice, scientific research and understanding of ecologicalbuilding. Below through the analysis and comparison of eco-building ideasand works of two masters (Thomas Herzog and Norman Foster), to furtherunderstanding and study of ecological architecture, and learn from themaster of thought and practice nutrition, explore the development andprospects of ecological construction in China.
3.Thomas Herzog
Thomas Herzog is a perfect combination of technology and the arts,have a deep sense of mission at the same t ime on the ecology and environmentof the German masters of architecture. His architectural works have a highlevel of technology, the essential meaning of his work lies in itsecological concern, not only in his design, in the course of teaching, oftenexhibitions, a large number of works, in cooperation with other architects,he personally. He goes beyond the paradigm of modern architecture, andreplaced with more eco-dumping Value orientation, and this orientation isbound to replace the old paradigm.
3. 1 Thomas Herzog, ecological building thought
Thomas Herzog rarely impose their own creative aspirations on theenvironment above, but to speculate and listen to the change process andthe cycle of the ecological environment, the spirit of participation andcooperation to complete his work. His ecological building human andartificial matter to a natural and man-made natural cordial and harmonioussituation. He always adhere to the principle of "from ecology toarchitecture, from technology to nature", he has eco sublimated into a精选综合文档
mental and spiritual, and throughout his life, the building design process.
Thomas Herzog' s design is not considered an isolated internal andexternal form, on the contrary, his designs expanded to all aspects of thebuilt environment and the relationship between the shape. In addition, heattaches great importance to work closely with other professionals to givegreater freedom of architectural design activities through the developmentof new materials, new components, the new system and appropriate designtools, and ultimately to achieve the unity of the building and the naturalenvironment coordination, as well as building its own sustainabledevelopment.
Thomas Herzog in the architectural activities in addition totransport. In a variety of new materials, new components, the new system,has been updated in the research and development, more ecological, morereasonable materials, components and systems. Such as: Poitou Kaposiexternal wall system, Fischer facade assembly system, solar grid system,and so on. Thomas Herzog is more concerned about the accuracy and efficiencyof the buildings in harmony with their surroundings on the basis of theirown energy-saving technology
Thomas Herzog rarely own creative desire to impose. Architectural detailthrough carefully designed to improve resource and energy use efficiency,and reduce the cost of non-renewable resources to focus on the ecologicalenvironment.
4. Norman Foster ecological building thinking
The introduction of some of the ecological building exist today, andmany architects of ecological building creative ideas, the vast majorityfocused on the use and adaptation of the material aspects of theconstruction of the external environment, such as solar energy, use ofgroundwater. These mostly belong to the understanding and use of buildingphysics. Norman Foster building constructed as a space and place isestablished not merely meet the physical meaning of comfort should be a
精选综合文档higher level of development to meet the cultural needs of the people,aesthetic orientation. His concern for the environment can be seen fromthe London Guildhall and the transformation of modern technology andaesthetic orientation, the perfect combination of ecology and art is theperfect embodiment of a new aesthetic - Ecological Aesthetics.
In addition to the above concerns, Norman Foster also paid greatattention to micro-climate inside the building, he can focus on buildingmicro-climate specific grouped into three areas: First, a suitabletemperature and humidity (to meet the thermal comfort and healthrequirements); as far as possible, the most access to natural light(reducing the energy consumption of artificial lighting) ; maximize naturalventilation (to reduce air conditioning energy consumption). However,under different climatic conditions different focus and approach of theabove three elements. Thus, by the most efficient artificial means toachieve these objectives, or to achieve a balance between the variouselements of Foster's relentless pursuit direction. In the two works in thesouth of France: Cary Center for the Arts and the Frederick Eustace placemiddle vocational schools is the full performance of his raw state climateconcept. His design not only runs through the concept of ecological design,but also fully embodies the attention and respect of traditional culturaland geographical culture, compared with the past completely self-centeredhigh-tech school ", this change is undoubtedly is very profound. It makeshigh-tech school "goes beyond a simple external style and step into a deeperrealm. It can be said at this point he pointed out the direction for thefuture of high-Tec school ", but also provided valuable experience for ourcommitment to eco-building architects in the field.
5 comparison of two masters
Can be seen through the eco-building ideas and works of two mastersof architecture:
5. 1 in common
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The two masters of architecture in the field of ecological buildingmade outstanding contributions to advocate with the new materials, newtechnologies, new systems and the appropriate design tools to completetheir ecological construction works; emphasized in man and nature,architecture and nature harmony on the basis of up to create a morecomfortable working and living environment of mankind; for the same targetfrom different aspects of making unremitting efforts to create a betterenvironment to human beings, more spiritual and material wealth to leaveour future generations .
5. 2 The difference
Thomas Herzog in ecological architecture is mainly from the overallenvironment of staff (including the surrounding environment and buildingtheir own environment), and ecological building design and research; hehas been emphasized from the human point of view of sustainable development,rather than short when the viewpoint of local issues; he not only caresabout the past and present, he is more concerned about the future; he notonly cares about the local area, but also with relevant regional and eventhe future may impact the area; him more is the use of new technologies,building detail and from different disciplines collaborate to reach thebuilding and the surrounding environment and the people and the naturalharmony and symbiosis; he stressed that eco-construction is not anarchitectural form, but
Ecology as an attitude and spirit throughout the design process and itslife; more comprehensive and thorough research in ecological construction,ecological building design in the true sense of the truly harmony with theirsurroundings, and the surrounding eco-environmental protection, respectfor the environment and return to nature.
In ecological architecture, Norman Foster mainly to meet the culturalneeds of the people' s, aesthetic orientation to achieve the perfectcombination of ecology and art; space creation through technical support
精选综合文档and building internal and external body to respond to nature, integrationof large natural. Ecological building design and works a greater degreeof purpose to reach people yearning to nature and enjoy nature, the conceptof micro-ecological climate to some extent, more in line with theecological concept of "high-tech school" building. He is the use ofecological building epidermis and flexible, applicable to the internalspace between the perfect combination to achieve the building itself andthe coordination and integration of the surrounding environment.Conclusion
Eco-building ideas and works of two masters of architecture to therevenation: eco-building is not a fashionable style and labels, not just aslogan. In such an economic and technological levels in China are not veryadvanced countries, all aspects of the construction industry should carryout ecological architectural thinking. In fact, there are some to adaptto the natural environment, building products, such as: the cave of thenorthwest -pure green buildings, low energy consumption, low pollution,cool and pleasant environment, as well as a yurt in the steppes, the windtower in Xinj iang and so on. China's future construction should not blindlyfollow the example of all the foreign genre, this simply from the formaltransfer, is not conducive to the formation of China's architecturalfeatures and is also stifle the creativity of the construction workers.As Thomas Herzog said:” We can not simply develop an ecology ofinternational standards in different countries have different conditionsat different times, or should be according to national circumstances."China is a populous country, the state of the environment It is worrying,the relative lack of resources in China. It is not possible in a short timewith the developed countries have the technology, materials, systems, andtheoretical support, which we need to proceed from reality, with theexperience of other countries seeking eco-construction of roads suitablefor China.
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References
[1] Diao Wenyi. Frankfurt Commercial Bank Building. Central building, 1999(3) :48-51.
[2] Xi Yu cheng. Construction, ecological building, digital eco-building.Huazhong Architecture, 2005 (5) :68-69.
[3] j in cheng. Ecological studies of Mistakes Architecture, 2001 (5): 18
[4] Zheng Wei mai the ecological high-tech construction. Huazhong
Architecture 1999
[5] wan yuan books of contemporary Western architectural aesthetics.
Nanj ing: Southeast University Press. 2 () 01.
[6] for Thomas Herzog - Architecture +technology. Li Baofeng translatedBeijing: China Architecture & Building
Publishing House. 2003

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