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1、专题一名词 主要考察三个方面： 1、联系上下文，考察同义词、近义词辨析； 2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词 组的意义和用法； 3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。 ♦名词的数 规则名词的复数形式 规则 读音 例子 1 一般情况在词尾加s 在清辅音后读/s/ 在元音及浊辅音后读/z/ map —sea —gir — day —apple — 规则 读音 例子 2 以s, *, ch, s结尾的 名词后加es es 一般读作/iz/ class— bo*- watch — brush 刷子）- 3 以f或fe结尾的名词变f和
2、fe为v再加es ves 一般读作/vz/ leaf—〔叶子〕thief小偷)一 knife—wife〔妻子〕一 规则 读音 例子 4 以y结尾的名词 以辅音字母+y结尾的 名词，变y为i,再加- es (e)s一般读作 /iz/ family—party — story—city— 以元音字母+ y结尾的名词+s s 一般读作 /z/ toy—boy 一day 一 5.以。结尾的名词 有生命的一般加-es hero —potato —tomato — 无生命的一般加-s piano —radio— zoo —photo — 可数名词
3、复数形式的不规则变化 规则 例词 1 改变名词中的元 音字母或其他变 化形式 man —— woman —— foot— toot —goose — 特殊：child—mouse — 2 单复数同形 sheep — dee— 3 只有复数形式 trousers clothes chopsticks glasses〔眼镜〕goods（商品） 4 一些集体名词用 作复数 people police catt牛）staff 全体职员〕 规则 例词 5 表示“*国 人变复 数 加-s American —German— European —
4、单复数同形 Chinese —Japanese 以-man或 -woman 结尾的改为- men 或-women Englishman — Frenchwoman — 记忆诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面 常见的不可数名词 类别例词 - 物质名 词 液体 orange 橙汁mil牛奶water水 wine酒［果汁te茶 coffee咖啡soup汤油il 食物 bread面包meat肉chees奶酪 自然物体 soi 土 壤sand沙 子wood 木头 类别 例词 抽象 名词 情感 joy快乐friendship友谊peace和平 学科 m
5、ath 数学geography 理 physics 物理chemistry匕学 概念 advice 建议 information 信息 news 消息time 时间 money 金钱 population 人knowledge 知识 music 音乐 不可数名词的量化 具体的量 数词+量词+ of+不可数名词two bottles of orange 大概的量 表示量的限定词+不可数名词some good pieces of news 不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示: a block of—块；a bottle。一瓶 a group of — 群； a pile。
6、一堆 a pair of一组/双/对；a piece of一 片//块既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词 单词 词义 可数名词 不可数名词 fish 鱼，鱼类〔条数，种类〕 〔复数形式：fish〕 鱼肉 room 房间a room 空间 glass 玻璃杯a glass;眼镜 Cglasses〕 玻璃 time 次数，倍数three times 时间 e*perience 经历 an e*perience 经历 单词 词义 可数名词 不可数名词 work 作品a work 工作 water 水域〔waters〕 水 ora
7、nge 橘子〔oranges〕 橘子汁 food 食物种类 食物 【2021】 The broken may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glassB. glassesC. candleD. candles 【2021**来宾】 —There are manyabout this farm. —Yes, lots ofare planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoesD.
8、photoes; potatoes 1. Help yourself to some There are lots of vitamins in them. A. tomato B. tomatoesC. tomatosD. potatos 2.if you take a plane, you cannot take onto the plane with you. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. a knives 3. The -have caught the two already. A. policeman; thi
9、ef B. policemen; thiefsC.policemen; thievesD. policeman; thieves 【2021】 It’s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on theplayground. A. boy B. boysC. boy's D. boys' 【2021 】All the are from A. men doctors; Germany B. men doctors; German C. man doctors; Ger
10、many D. man doctor; German 【2021】 —How manycan you see in the picture? —Two . A. dog B. child C. sheeps D. sheep 【2021天河】 —Would you like something to drink? —, please. A. Two bottle of orange B. Two bottle of oranges C. Two bottles of orange D. Two bottles of oranges ♦名词所有格 ♦'s所有格 使
11、用场合与构成方法 例子 1 单数名词在末尾加’s the boy's father 2 复数 一般在末尾加’ the teachers' room - 名词不规则复数名词后加’s Children’s Day 3 表示各有关系时，各名词末尾均须加’s Jane’s and Mary’s bikesC 两人各有〕 表示共有关系时，在最后一词末加’s Jane and Mary’s bike 〔两人共有〕 ♦of所有格 “名词+of+名词 表示物体所属关系。 使用场合与构成方法 例子 多用在无生命事物名词前 a map of China th
12、e legs of the chair 也可用于表示人和其他有生 Do you know the name of the 命的名词，一般用在名词定语较长的时候boy sitting in bed? 注意 the story of Sun Yang = Sun Yang’s story 的故事 ♦双重所有格 ① of +名词所有格 Lucy is a friend of my sister’s. 露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。 ② of +名词性物主代词 a picture of her son’s她儿子的一照片 属于儿子所有，但照片中的人不一定就她儿子） ③ 由“数
13、词+名词 构成的合成名词作定语时，其所有格一般用名词的单数形式，注意中间有连字符“-。 a two-day holiday 两天的假期 a 2-metre-wide river 一条 2 米宽的河 ④ 少数名词使用的固定搭配〔to所有格〕 the way to the bank the key to the door the answer to the question 【2021东营】 —Are you sure this is a photo , the famous edy actress? — It surprised you, didn’t it? But she w
14、as once really thin. A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling’s C. of Jia LingD. of Jia Ling’s 【2021】 mothers can’t go to parents’ meeting because they are too busy. A. Jack’s and PaulB. Jack’s and Paul’s C. Jack and Paul’sD. Jack and Paul 【2021】 Katherine was e*cited to receive a dozen of roses from her husb
15、and on Day. A. Wo man B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s 【2021】 —Whose room is this? Is it the ? —Yes, it is A. twins’; Tom and Tim’sB. twin’s; Tom’s and Tim’s C. twins’; Tom and Tim 【2021】I l ive near the station. It’s only about five wa—. A. minut e’sB. minute C. minutes’D. minutes 1. school
16、 is quite near the bus station. A.Ted and Tom ’ s B. Teds and Tom ’ s C. Ted and Tom D. Ted and Toms ’ 2. Do you know the boy who is playing soccer there? Certainly. He is a friend of my A. brotherB. brothersC. brotherD. brothers’ s Reading time AGREedydogwentintoa butcher ’ sshopandstoleabig
17、juicybone.Heranawaysofastthatthemself. thedogcametoa stream .Therewasanarrowbridgeacrossit.Thedogwalkedontothebridge,andlookedintothewater.Hecouldseeanotherdogwithabigboneinhismouth. theGREedydogthoughttheboneinthewaterlookedmuchbiggerthantheonehehadstolenfromthe butcher . theGREedydogdroppedtheb
18、onefromhismouth.It fellntothewaterandwaslost.Hejumpedintothewaterto snatch thebiggerbonefromtheotherdog. theGREedydogjumpedintothewaterwithabigsplash.Helookedeverywherebuthecouldnotseetheotherdog.His shadow hadgone. thesillydogwenthomehungry.HelosthisboneandgotnothingbecausehehadbeentooGREed y.
19、Lion was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up in anger,he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying:"If you would only spare my life I would be sure tcrepay your kindness." The Lionlaughed and let him go. It happened shortly after th
20、is that the Lion was caught by somehunters , who boundhim by strong ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came up, andgnawed the rope with his teeth, and setting him free, e*claimeY:ou" ridiculed theidea of my ever being able to help you, not e*pecting to receive from me any repaymentof your favour; but now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to confer benefits on a Lion.
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