BEC雅思图表描述写作(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,English Practical Writing,：,Writing a Report,报告及图表描述,1,英文商务报告包括,Introduction(This report aims/sets out to),，,Findings(It was found that),，,Conclusions(To conclude),Recommendations(It is suggested that.),，以及参考文献,(reference),。括号中是每段开头常用的表达方式。,2,BEC,写作,-,报告样题,You work for PJT Co.Ltd,a manufacturing company.You need more staff in your department and your manager has asked you to write a report explaining why.,Write 120-140 words.,3,Report:More staff are needed in our departmentDate:July 16,2018,Introduction,This report aims to explain why our department needs more staff.,Findings,Statistics show that there exists a big gap between the number of staff in our department and staff workload.While the number of order has been growing up,the number of staff has remained steady.Moreover,our customer service department recently received a complaint from one of our clients about a tremendous delay in our delivery,which is partly caused by staff insufficiency.,Conclusion,To conclude,there are many reasons for the need of more staff.It is high time that the department should increase the staff number.,Recommendation,More staff should be recruited in the upcoming job-hunting season to improve our performance.,4,Report Structure,1.Introduction,2.Findings,3.Conclusion(s),4.Recommendation(s),5,In writing a report,how to describe tables,figures,and charts?,1.,表格,(table),2.,曲线图,(line graph),3.,柱状图,/,饼状图,(bar/pie chart),6,图表报告的结构,第一段：介绍,(Introduction),第二段：正文,(Findings),第三段：总结或评论,(Conclusion),7,Introduction,说明该图表的性质、主要内容,We should begin our essay with a clear statement.This is to provide the reader with an orientation as well as a context for the individual steps to follow.,8,右图是美国,Seattle,市,Green Hall,超市十一月所销售的四种皮鞋价格与数量对比图，请对该图写一个简要的说明。,This bar chart shows how price affects peoples demand/buying of shoes in the Green Hall Supermarket of Seattle in November.,9,右图是美国海滨旅游小镇,Bluebeach,自,1960,年以来所接待的游客人数图，请对该图作一个简要的说明。,This graph shows how the number of tourists/visitors to the Bluebeach town changes from 1960 to 2000.,10,世界主要汽车生产国的年产汽车比例图美国,:44%,日本,:23%,德国,:20%,韩国,:13%,This pie chart shows the percentage of annual car productions from major car producing countries in the world.,11,开头句：描述大致趋势或总体情况,As is shown from,the bar chart above/below/on the right,people buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up.,We can see from,the graph that the number of visitors to the Bluebeach town increased steadily before 1990 and then decreased slightly.,According to,the pie chart above,there are four major car producing countries in the world/the US is the largest car producer in the world.,2.Findings,描述总体趋势，极值，转折点,12,1.,应用“,there be”,句式（例,1,$150,140 pairs,）,There are 140 pairs of shoes sold when the price reaches$150.,2.,应用动词“,have/has”(,例,2,1980),The Bluebeach town has 33,000 visitors in the year 1980.,3.,应用原文中提供的动词,(,例,3),Korea produces 13%of the total number of cars in the world.,表示数字的常用方法,13,主要有下面三个句式：,1.,主语,+,动词,+,副词,+,时间,n.+v.+adv.+time,2.There be+,形容词,+,名词,+,时间,There be+a.+n.+time,3.,主语,+witnessed+,形容词,+,名词,+in,The number of tourists to Bluebeach town,decreased,slightly,from the year 1990 to 2000.,There is,a sharp rise,in the number of tourists to Bluebeach,from the year 1980 to the year 1990.,The last decade of the 20,th,century(,时间,),witnessed,a slow decline,in the number of tourists to Bluebeach(,对象,),=,The number of tourists(,对象,),witnessed a slow decline,in the last decade of the 20,th,century(,时间,),表示变化的常用方法,14,Practice:Line Graph,The graph shows rates of smoking in men and women in the UK from 1960 to 2000.,分析：,Women:1975,前上升，,1975,后下降（找转折点）,men,:,平稳,下降,时态,：一般过去式,15,Line Graph,1.Women:1975,前上升，,1975,后下降（找转折点）,There was a significant increase,in the number of female smokers before 1975,and after the year 1975 the rates of,women smokers slowly declined.,16,Line Graph,2.men:,平稳下降，降幅稍大,The rates of,British male smokers,went through/witnessed a continuous downward tendency/trend.,The years from 1960 to 2000,witnessed a continuous downward tendency,in the rates of British male smokers.,17,常用词,18,19,表示曲线图最高点和最低点可以使用下列句型：,The figure(s)+,peaked(bottomed out)at/,reached the peak(the bottom)of,$150,+in December,20Line Graph,The number of female smokers,reached the peak of 350 in 1975,and after 1975 the rates of women smokers,slowly decreased to the bottom in 2000.,Over the years,the number of male smokers,declined steadily and bottomed out at 280 in 2000.,21,主语,+,动词,to,具体数据。主语,+,动词,to,the peak of,具体数据。主语,+,动词副词，,reaching the peak of+,具体数据,e.g.the number rose significantly,reaching the peak of,主语,+,动词副词，,reaching+,具体数据,+,时间。,动词,+by,与,+to,的区别,对于上升到某个位置的描述：,22,对于下降到某个位置的描述：,动词,to,具体数据。动词,to,the bottom of,具体数据。动词副词，,reaching the bottom of+,具体数据，,e.g.The number dropped sharply,reaching the bottom of 50 in September.,动词副词，,reaching+,具体数据。,主语,+bottom out at+,数字,decrease by;decrease to,23,3.,起伏波动的句型：,fluctuated sharply all through,4.,波动不大的句型：,hardly changed through the period between and,5.,对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：,occupy/constitute%of the total takes up/accounts for%in the whole chart,24,嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：,infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of at the end of overthroughout,25,Practice 2:,The line graph below shows the number of enquires to Tourist Information Office made by telephone,letter/email,and in person from January 2001 to June 2001.,Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the,main features.(100 words),26,As can be seen from the graph,three different choices,including enquiring in person,by calling and by e-mail or letter,were,presented.,The number,of enquiries made by,communicating face to face,witnessed a constant upward trend,from 400 to 1200 over the half year,transforming from,the least popular way,to the,most prevalent mode,.,The line graph illustrates,the number,of enquiries,to obtain tourist information in different means,during a six-month period,from January 2001.,27,With respect to,the number of enquiries by letter/email,it,started at 800,in January,and,remained relatively stable,in the first four months before,increasing smoothly,to about 1100 in June(,全用动词,).However,the trend for telephone was quite different,with,the number,decreasing continuously,from 600 in January to 450 in May and then,reducing markedly,to reach the bottom of 200(,用,with+ing,分词引出数据变化,).,Overall,it is obvious that people tended to seek advice about traveling from the professionals in person.,28,Line Graph,总结：整体趋势,1975,前相反，,1975,后类似,To conclude,the general tendency for male and female rates of smoking in the UK,formed a,striking contrast before 1975.,As time went on,the contrast,faded away,to,about the same rate,with men still,slightly,more.,29,30,1.,可以出现在数据前面的修饰词：,below,under,over,more than,almost,nearly,about,approximately,2.,判断时态，注意图表中是否有时间出现。如果没有，则使用一般现在时，如果有，通常使用一般过去时。,3.,有选择的利用数据，而不是全部选取。,4.,注意单词和短语的同义转换,-Lexical Resource,31,Bar Chart:Relative Expression,一个数据“超过另一个数据：,surpass,outnumber,exceed,The number of deaths caused by TB far,exceeded,the number of deaths induced by AIDS.,32,Bar Chart:Relative Expression,对,2,个或者,3,个项目进行排序，用,followed by,rank,With respect to,the factors that caused deaths in Australia in 1990,TB led to the largest number of death,followed,by diarrhoea and malaria.,Speaking of,the factors that caused deaths in Australia in 1990,TB led to the largest number of death.Diarrhoea and malaria,rank,second and third respectively.,in the case of/in terms of/in respect of/regarding,在,.,方面,33,倍数表达法,女性的失业率是男性失业率的三倍。,The unemployment rate of females was,three times more,than that of male during the Economic Depression.,The unemployment rate of women was,three times as much as,that of men over the period of Economic Depression.,TB,造成的死亡人数是,AIDS,的,9,倍,The number of deaths caused by TB was nine times more than that caused by AIDS.,The number of deaths caused by TB was nine times as much as that caused by AIDS.,34,Bar Chart Practice,The chart below shows the percentage of young people aged 15 to 24 employed in different sectors in New Zealand in 1990 and 2000.,Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.,35,In 1990,positions in commerce were considered as the most popular jobs,with nearly 30%young people engaged in this sector.,In the remaining parts including agriculture,hotel and restaurant,manufacturing,transport and other sectors,the percentage,was similar,taking up 13%-15%.,The bar chart,illustratesthe percentage of young adults aged 15 to 24 in different employment sectors in New Zealand in 1990 and 2000.,如何描述,1990,年的情况？,36,如何描述,2000,年的情况？,Ten years later,the proportion of graduates who worked in commerce,still ranked the first at 38%,followed by the percentage for hotels and restaurants,which increased significantly from 15%to 24%,.However,the percentages for other four fields,decreased,as,the figure for transport,ranked the last,in 2000,at 7%,.,In conclusion,the youth in New Zealand would like to work in commerce rather than any other sectors.,37,Pie Chart,1.,考虑最大因素：成本和超市利润,与农民所占份额比较比较极值）,2.,其他两项简单提及,38,Findings,：,The pricing of chocolate,concerns,5 factors,among which,cost of ingredients and overheads,takes up the largest share,(37%),several times as much as that of,farmers(only 4%).,Supermarket is the,second largest factor,in the pricing of chocolate,which occupies,34%of the price.,The rest of,the price,covers,tax and chocolate company,accounting for 15%and 10%respectively.,39,BEC,样题：,How would you write a report about the following charts?,The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different ages who were living alone in 2011.The pie chart compares the numbers of bedrooms in these one-person households.,Living alone in England by age and gender,2011 (bar chart),Number of bedrooms in one-person households,(pie chart),40,Introduction,The two charts give information about single-occupant households in England in the year 2011.The bar chart compares the proportions of males and females living alone in different age groups,and the pie chart shows data about the number of bedrooms in these single-occupant homes.,41,Findings,A significant majority of the people aged 65 or over who were living alone in England in 2011 were female.Women accounted for 72%of single occupants aged 75 to 84,and 76%of those aged 85 or over.By contrast,among adults,younger than 50,the figures for males were higher.For example,in the 35-49 age group,men made up nearly 65%of people living alone.,42,In the same year,35.4%of one-person households in England,had,two bedrooms,while one-bedroom and three-bedroom homes accounted for 28%and 29.8%of the total.Less than 7%of single-occupant homes had four or more bedrooms.,43,Conclusion,Overall,females made up a higher proportion of people living alone than males,and this difference is particularly noticeable in older age.We can also see that the most common number of bedrooms in a single-occupant home was two.,总结：,占据：,take up,make up,occupy,account for,represent,constitute,44,统计表,tables,中国,1950,年最短，后期增幅最大，,2050,到最高值；西班牙也在增长，但增幅小于中国；美国在,74,左右，变化不大,45,The average life span,in China grew more significantly compared with the other two countries,from the least(65 years old)in 1950 to,the predicted age of 83,in 2050.,The life span in Spain,also increased continuously,but,with a slower pace,reaching,an average age of 77 in 2050.,By contrast,the only country,with a possible decrease,is US which increased to 75 in the year 2000,but is predicted to fall slightly to 74 in 2050.,46,Practice:Tables,如何表达,4,个国家在,population,上的比较？,As can be seen in the table,Bolivia,has,the largest population,among the four countries,with 23 million people,which is,nearly twice as much as the population,of Ecuador,(12 million).,Besides,Singapore and Jamaica,rank the third and fourth place,with 4 million and 2.3 million respectively.,(,用,with+,数字或括号的形式表示具体数值,),47,课本,98,页练习（,100 words,）,The table shows report reading patterns of staff in different positions.,According to the table above,the people most likely to read the entire report are,analysts(85%),while,front line staff are least likely,to read almost any section of the report.,72%senior analysts,read the whole report,slightly fewer than the percentage for analysts.About half of the managers and executives read the whole report,with,51%and 48%,respectively.,Few senior managers(15%),read the whole report,but,39%,of them and,34%executives,read the summary.It is of some concern that,over one quarter of senior managers,do not read reports.,Practice:Tables,48,Tables,总结：,需要对数据进行合理挑选和分组，不必汇报全部。,挑选原则：最大，最小，倍数等,分组原则：类似归为一组,49,Thank you!,50,