托福口语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,Information on the Speaking Section,1.Types of Speaking Tasks,2 Independent Tasks,(preparation:15sec./response:45sec.),(1)1 Personal Experience,-This task will ask you to speak about something that is familiar to you,you need to describe it and give some reasons to defend response.,(2)1 Personal Choice/Opinion,-This task will ask you to make and defend a personal choice between two possible opinions,actions,or situations.You should justify your choice with reasons and details.,2,2 integrated Tasks:Read-Listen-Speak,(Preparation:30sec./response:60sec.),(1)1 Campus situation topic,-reading 75100words(45sec.),conversation 150180words(6080sec.),-This task will ask you to response to a question based on what you have read and heard.You will first read a short passage presenting a campus-related issue and will then listen to a dialogue on the same topic.Then,you will be asked to summarize one speakers opinion within the context of the reading passage.You should be careful not to express your own opinion in your response.,Information on the Speaking Section,3,Information on the Speaking Section,(2)1 Academic course topic,-reading:75100words(45sec.),lecture:150220words(6090sec.),-This task also asks you to respond a question based on what you have read and heard.You will first read a short passage about an academic subject and then will listen to an expert from a lecture on that subject.Then,you will be asked to combine and convey important information from both the reading passage and the lecture.,4,2 Integrated Tasks:Listen-Speak,(preparation:20sec./response:60sec.),(1)1 Campus situation topic,-conversation:180220words(6090sec.),-In this task,you will first listen to a conversation about a student related problem and two possible solutions.Then,you will be asked to describe the problem,choose a referred solution,and explain why you have chosen that solution.,(2)1 Academic course topic,-lecture:230280(90129sec.),-In this task,you will first listen to an expert from a lecture that explain a term or concept and gives some examples to illustrate it.Then,you will be asked to summarize the lecture and explain how the examples are connected with the overall topic.,Information on the Speaking Section,5,Information on the Speaking Section,2.Important Features of Evaluation,(1)Delivery,You should speak smoothly and clearly,have good pronunciation,pace yourself naturally,and have natural-sounding intonation patterns.,(2)Language Use,You should be able to use both basic and more complex language structures and choose the appropriate words.,(,3)Topic Development,You should make sure that the relationship between your ideas and your progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.,6,连接词,(1),表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：,eitheror,，,neithernor,or,as well as,and,bothand,(2),表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：,therefore,so,as a result,as the result of,，,because of,due to,owing to,thanks to,等。,(3),表时间顺序的连接词：,the moment,as soon as,at first,then,later,meanwhile,at the beginning,in the end,before long,for the first(second)time,等。,(4),表转折关系的连接词：,yet,and yet,but,while,on the contrary,on the other hand,however,at the same time(,然而,),等。,(5),表解释说明的连接词：,that is,that is to say,in other words,such as,for instance,and so on,etc.and the like,等。,(6)表递进关系的连接词：,not onlybut(also),what,，,s more,whats worse,besides,in addition,worse still,moreover,above all,等。,(7),表示总结的连接词：,in a word,on the whole,in short,briefly,in brief,to sum up,in all,等。,7,Pronounciation Skills,五大发音要点,一，长元音和双元音饱满,二，短元音急促有力,三，连读,四，略读,五，咬舌头,8,长元音：,/a:/i:/:/u:/:/,双元音：,/ei/ai/i/au/u/i/e/u/,1,Mike likes to write by the nice bright light ay night.,2,Macao came back to China in 1999.,3,I like the shape of the mountain.,短元音：,/e/i/u/,1,Jim must study a little bit more.,2,Lets get together again.,Pronounciation Skills,9,Pronounciation Skills,连读,(1)“,辅音,+,元音”型连读,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。,ImanEnglish boy.,Itisanold book.,Let me havea lookatit.,Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday.,I calledyou halfanhourago.,Putiton,please.,Notatall.,Please pickitup.,10,(2)“r/re+,元音”型连读,如果前一个词是以,-r,或者,-re,结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的,r,或,re,不但要发,/r/,，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。,Theyre my fatherand mother.,I looked forit hereand there.,Thereis a football underit.,Hereis a letter for you.,But whereis my cup?,Whereare your brotherand sister,。,但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母,r,，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。,The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.,（,nearer,与,and,不可连读）,Pronounciation Skills,11,Pronounciation Skills,(3),相同辅音连读,两个相同辅音连读，该辅音只发一次，且音值略延长,Big girl,大女孩,Take care,小心,Like kidding,喜欢开玩笑,Old days,旧时光,(4)“,元音,+,元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。,Iam Chinese.,Heis very friendly to me.,She wants to studyEnglish.,Howand why did you come here?,She cant carryit.,12,略读,爆破音,/p/,，,/b/,，,/t/,，,/d/,，,/k/,，,/g/,之后如果没有元音，那么这些爆破音会失去爆破，只能感觉到气流的停顿，也就是气压差的感觉,Big big world,大大的世界,Lap top,手提电脑,Get mad,生气,Bank teller,银行出纳,咬舌头,1,，,There are thirty three thousand three hundred and thirty three feathers on that thrushs throat.,2,，,Neither father nor mother likes the weather.,3,Something is better than nothing.,4,Father and mother went through thick and thin.,Pronounciation Skills,13,Independent Tasks,1,尽量实物化,最好有数字和时间等量化的东西,越具体越详细越好,.2,口语要靠平时多练,在生活中,也可以给自己提问题,然后尝试着用英文回答,.,3,口语中尽量使用简单词汇,.,Structure:,Topic(opinion)Idea-details(with example),Reasons Idea-details(with example),Ending,14,Independent Tasks,State Your Opinion,1,I think/believe/feel(that)S+V,我认为，我相信，我感到,I think the most important quality of a good friend is trustworthiness.,2,In my opinion,S+V,我认为，依我看,In my opinion,the most important invention in the 20thcentury was the computer.,3,Based on my experience,S+V,以我的经验看,Based on my experience,history was one of the most valuable classes.,4,As far as I am concerned,S+V,就我而言,.,As far as I am concerned,the subway is the most convenient method if transportation.,15,Independent Tasks,5,To me,the mostis,对我来说，最,的是,To me,the most memorable book is,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,by Mark Twain.,6,I considerto be the most,我认为,是最,I consider Paris to be the most attractive city Ive ever been to.,7,TheI like most is,我最喜欢的,是,The board game I like most is Monopoly.,8,When it comes toS+V,当谈到,说到,When it comes to my favorite public place,I enjoy going to the National Museum.,16,Independent Tasks,Giving Reasons,1,What I like aboutis that S+V,我喜欢,的原因是,What I like about my math teacher is that he has a great sense of humor.,2,There are several reasons why S+V,有几个原因,There are several reasons why I admire Mother Teresa.,3,One reason why S+V is that S+V,Another reason is that S+V,的一个原因是,另一个原因是,One reason why I like amusement parks is that I can enjoy various kinds of rides there.Another reason is that I can watch fantastic performances and parades.,17,Giving Supporting Details,(,1)Giving Examples,For example/instance,S+V,例如,My teacher is a very organized person.For example,his desk is always neat and clean.,Such as,比如，像,I want to learn some practical skills,such as cooking,driving,and computer programming.,(2)Clarifying,In other words,S+V,换言之,Im a night person.In other words,Im more efficient when studying at night than in the morning.,I mean S+V,我的意思是说,I admire firefighters but dont want to be one myself,I mean their job is too dangerous.,18,Task1 Personal Experience,1,地点类,(place),ex:Describe your favorite place in the city and explain why,you like this place.,2,事件类,(event or activity),ex:Describe the most important decision you have made in,your life.,(3),人物类,(person),exDescribe your favorite teacher and explain how this teacher,influenced you.,(4),物体类,(objects),ex:Describe the best/worst invention in the 20th century and,explain how it affects your life.,Independent Tasks,19,Independent Tasks,一，地点类,地点类型思路：,Setting,，,Price and service,Location(convenience),Features,History,My own feeling,常考题目：,1,，,Describe a place that you like best in your city.Please state why you like it with specific examples and details.,2,，,When you are together with your friends,which place would you like to go?Explain why.,3,，,Describe a public area that you visit frequently.Please state why you visit it frequently and include specific examples and details in your explanation.,20,Independent Tasks,4,，,Describe a school that you have attended.,5,，,Describe your favorite room.Your statement should include specific examples and details.,6.When you choose to eat at the restaurant or caf,what are the features that you care about most?Explain why.,可选场景：,Place:library/park/restaurant/school/shopping mall,21,Independent Tasks,Topic Sentence:choose a place you like,1,，,Well,off the top of my head,I am going to describe to you is the XXX I frequently visit.,2,Here in this city,I have a lot of/a load of/a bunch of places to go for relaxing myself,but if I have time for one of them,Id like to go to the XXX.,3,I have been to more than a dozen/a handful of XXX,and find them just about the same with one another after all,you should definitely consider going to XXX,for itll bring you a totally different experience.,22,Independent Tasks,Supporting Sentence:,1,客观描述,地址：,1,，,Let me tell you what,XXX is just a stones throw from my place,so I can just walk there any time of the day,without any concern of the traffic jam.,2,，,XXX is accessible by several bus and subway lines,and hence can be reached within half an hour from any part of the town,even during rush hour.,3,，,When I go to XXX,I am amused to find that everything you need is close at hand and whats more,I can walk around and find public transportation to all directions,wherever I wanna go as my“next stop”,23,Independent Tasks,环境,:,1,At the sight of XXX,all my sense will be brightened in an instant,it makes me long for a lifetime at this beautiful place.,2,XXX has a charming setting,with beautiful pictures on all of the walls,reflecting the superb taste of its overall decoration,highlighted by furniture of new age style.,历史：,1,The building was constructed in the year 1981,right after the Economic Reform and Opening-up launched nationwide.It marks the beginning of a new era for China.,2,The predecessor of this place was a private garden in the Tang Dynasty,which at that time was exclusive to the wealthy.,24Independent Tasks,价格，服务,:,1,The price of XXX is very reasonable,and the staff there provides well-rounded service to all customers.,2,With affordable prices that is rare among such top-ranking XXX,it sometimes surprises customers with the superb quality of their service.,3,While I feel delighted to see an inexpensive bill for things at XXX,I also appreciate the friendly and helpful staffs there,who have been well trained to make me feel at home.,25,Independent Tasks,特色（重点，在此添加个人经历，主观评价）,1,This library is actually the largest library in the city.(,图书馆,),2,Aside from gardens,I can enjoy the greenhouse in the xxxPark,making it a real treat not only for nature lovers,but also for plants lovers.,（公园）,3,While waiting for the meal to be served,I can take some time to enjoy the Jazz performance provided by the xxxRestaurant.,（餐厅）,4,it is rated by local magazines as one of the most renowned school of not only our city,but the entire region.,（学校）,5,Here in xxxShopping mall,there simply isnt a kind of style that I cannot find,as far as I can name it.Sometimes you can even find nameless kinds of brands,challenging your horizon of knowledge in fashion.,（商场）,26,Independent Tasks,2,，主观感受（个人经历）,（共性）,1,，,increase our knowledge,broaden our horizon,（增长知识，开阔眼界）,2,，,relax our body and mind,enjoy our life(,放松身心，享受生活,),（个性）,Once I found the book I always want to have,met a famous writer in the book signings.,（图书馆）,Once celebrated my birthday with my fiends,our teacher gave us a wonderful Biology class here.(,公园,),27,Independent Tasks,They serve virtually all kinds of food,from sea food to curry and from SiChuan dishes to Barbecue,satisfied all my need,and I have tasted a dish once from a TV program Ive watched.,（餐厅）,Teachers here are very responsible and friendly,they can help me solve a lot of questions,and become a good sister or brother.,（学校）,Here in xxxShopping mall,there simply isnt a kind of style that I cannot find,as far as I can name it.Sometimes you can even find nameless kinds of brands,challenging your horizon of knowledge in fashion.,（商场）,28,Independent Tasks,二，人物类,人物类型思路：Appearance,Personality,Hobbies,Past experience,Relationship with others,My own feeling,1,，,Describe the characteristics of a good teacher.Please state with specific examples and details.,2,，,Who is the person you admire the most?Please give specific details and examples in your explanation.,3,，,Describe the characteristics of friends,use specific examples to support your statement.,4,，,What do you think are the characteristics of a good parent?,5,，,What kind of qualities should a good leader possess,？,Please state your opinion and give specific details and examples in your explanation.,29,可选人物：,People:parents/teacher/friend/leader,Topic Sentence:choose a person you like,1,Talking about the person who influenced me a lot,Id like to tell you that,2,Well,as far as I am concerned,people should have such good characteristic as follows:,3,If you are asking me who is the one that I admire mostI have to give you his/her nameXXX,who is the,Independent Tasks,30,Independent Tasks,Supporting Sentence:,客观描述,外貌,(,次要,),1,，,Well,by the first sight,you will feel his/her professionalism reflected by the way he/she dress,especially the dark blue color that is his/her favorite whether for top or for pants/skirt.,2,，,He/she looks a quite a bit younger than his/her actual age,more like an elder brother/sister.,31,内在性格,(,主要,),朋友：,Reliable,，,A friend indeed is a friend in,need,教师：,cultivate and inspire originality and,1,Responsibility,creativity in students,领导：,principled and disciplined,家长：,role model,unconditional support,stand,by me,Independent Tasks,32,Independent Tasks,朋友：,Help and encourage you when you are in,trouble,2,Ability,教师：,A good professional knowledge base,领导：,Good people management and communication,skills,家长：,good communicator,，,patience,3,Humorous,4,Easy-going,warm-hearted33,Independent Tasks,2,主观感受（例证）,（共性）,feel love,感受到爱,learn a lot from them,学会了更多,teach me to grow,教会我成长,（个性）,朋友：,They can be my friends in sunshine and in shade,care for me even when the times are bad and even more when the times are great.,教师：,Teachers should never lose their patience in class when students ask questions repeatedly.A teacher should explain each and every aspect of the topic in the easiest way.,34,Independent Tasks,领导：,A good leader should be highly organized and efficient,energetic and strong career-ambition,家长：,Never composes me a lot of pressures so that I can choose to learn whatever Im interested in.,描述人物性格，外貌可选词汇：,optimistic(adj.),积极乐观的,pessimistic(adj.),消极悲观的,out-going(adj.),外向的，喜好交际的,extroverted(adj.),活泼愉快的,kind(adj.),和气的,generous(adj.),慷慨的,reliable(adj.),可靠的,friendly(adj.),友善的,quiet(adj.),娴静的,shy(adj.),羞涩的,patient(adj.),耐心的,diligent(adj.),勤勉的,conservative(adj.),