英语中的表语.doc

英语中的表语
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表语
（1）表语是用来说明主语的特征、状态等，补充说明主语的意义，因此，它也叫作主语补语。
表语一般用在连系动词后面，连系动词除了be之外，还有become（成为）、look（看起来）、turn（变成）、go（变成）、seem（似乎）、appear（似乎、显得）、feel（摸起来）、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）等等。可做表语的有: 形容词、代词、名词、分词、动名词、数词、介词短语或副词和从句：例如： We are students. He is very clever.

（2）英语表语中一般与连系动词构成系表结构，常用的连系动词有：
be(am/is/are;was/were),look,feel,smell,sound,taste,seem，go,appear,keep,remain,become,get,grow,turn等。表语在句中的位置大致有两种：正常位置（位于连系动词之后）和倒装位置（位于句首）。
1.正常位置：在系表结构中表语放在连系动词之后。
eg:He became very interested in science.
His face turned red.
The rubbish dump smells terrible.
2.倒装位置：有时出于句法或修辞的要求而将表语提到句首。主要有以下四种表语前置的情况：
（1）在由what,how引导的感叹句中。
eg:What fun it is to jump in a pool or go swimming in a river in summer!
（2）在由as引导的让步状语从句中。
eg:Proud as these nobles are,he is afraid to see me.
（3）为了强调表语。
eg:In front of the house was a tall tree.
（4）为了使句子结构平衡，将较长的主语放在句末，而将较短的表语提到句首。
eg:Such would be our home in the future.

表语的细说
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
　　一、什么是表语（predicative）
　　在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。
　　Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是一位有名的物理学家。
　　二、不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别
　　不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
　　1.Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。（主语和表语是相等的）
　　2.This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world. 这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。（主语和表语是不相等的）
　　三 、不定式和动名词作表语的区别
　　不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词作表语强调的是一
语法知识书籍
般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。
　　His job is to paint the walls. 他的工作是粉刷这些墙
　　四、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别
　　现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。
　　1.This dog is frightening. 这条狗让人害怕。（说明狗的特征）
　　2.This dog is frightened. 这条狗有些害怕。（说明狗的状态）
　　五、不定式作表语和不定式表示将来时的区别
　　不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”，和主语之间是可以划等号的，不定式用来表示将来时态时，表示主语即将要执行的动作，和主语之间是不能划等号的。
　　What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales. 他想建议的是降价促销。
　　六、-ing动词作表语和-ing动词用于进行时的区别
　　动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”，现在分词作表语说明主语是特征。-ing动词用于正在进行时时，说明主语正在执行的动作。
　　She is taking care of the children. 她在照料小孩。（说明她正在执行的动作）
　　七、过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别
　　过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态，过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。
　　1.The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。（说明杯子是状态）
　　2.The cup was broken by Peter. 杯子是被彼得打坏的。（说明杯子承受的动作—被打坏了）
例子：
一. 名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲。
　　That remains a puzzle to me.
　　这对我还是个难题。
　　二. 代词作表语
　　What’s your fax number?
　　你的 号是多少？
　　Who's your best friend?
　　你最好的朋友是谁？
　　三. 形容词作表语
　　I feel much better today.
　　我今天感觉好多了。
　　四. 数词作表语
　　She was the first to learn about it.
　　她是第一个知道的人。
　　五. 不定式或ing形式作表语
　　Her job is selling computers.
　　她的工作是销售电脑。
　　Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
　　我们下一步是把原料准备好。
　　六. 介词短语作表语
　　The patient is out of danger.
　　病人脱险了。
　　I don’t feel at ease.
　　我感到不自在。
　　七. 副词作表语
　　The sun is up.
　　太阳升起来了。
　　I must be off now.
　　现在我得走了。
　　八. 从句作表语
　　This is what he said.
　　这就是他所说的话。
　　九、不定式作表语
　　作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下名词：
　　hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business

　　The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
　　新技术的目的是使生活更便利，而不是更繁琐。
　　Her wish is to become a singer.
　　她的愿望是当一名歌手。
　　Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
　　我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。
　　十。形容词作表语
　　He is old but he is healthy。
英语中日期和时间的表示方法
 一、年份的表达
（1）一般情况,将表示年份的四个数字两个一组分为两组,每一组按基数词来读。
例：1865 读作 eighteen sixty—five
（2）前两位非0，后两位为0，后面两个0读hundred.
例：1900 读作 nineteen hundred
（3)第三位数字为0,其他非0，这个0读作o。
例：1905 读作 nineteen o five
（4）千年的读法，第一位+thousand+and+后两位。
例：2000 读作 two thousand
2021 读作 two thousand and eight
（5）年份为三位或两位一位数+B.C。（公元前)或A.D。（公元），直接读这个数或者一位一位的读.
例：531B。C. 读作five hundred and thirty—one B.C. 或 five three one B。C。

二、年代的表达
书写：阿拉伯数字年份（最后一位为0）+s。
读法：前两位读原基数,后两位读它的复数形式.
例:in the 1980s 读作 in the nineteen eighties
注：年代数前可用early（前期）或mid-（中期)或late（后期）修饰。
例：in the early 1980s 表示1980—1985年。

三、月份的表达
一月:January         (Jan.)
二月：February       (Feb.)
三月：March            (Mar.)
四月：April               (Apr。）
五月：May               （May。）
六月：June              (Jun.）
七月：July               (Jul。)
八月：August          （Aug。)
九月：September    (Sept。）
十月：October         (Oct。）
十一月：November  （Nov。)
十二月：December  (Dec。）

四、日期的表达
书写：“日+月+年”或“月+日+年”，年用数字，年前面用逗号隔开。月用单词表示。日可以基数词或序数词表示，日月之间不需逗号。
读法：日前可加the，必须读序数词，日在前时在月前需加of，月在前时不需要。
例: 2021年6月1日
写作：1 June,2021   1st June，2021或June 1，2021   June 1st，2021
读作:the first of June，two thousand and fourteen或June the first, two thousand and fourteen

五、时间的表达
（1）直接读数字，整点时刻后可加o’clock。
例：7：00 读作 seven或seven o’clock
10：56 读作 ten fifty-six
（2）分钟小于或等于30分钟的用past，表示“超过"，15分钟读作a quarter，30分钟读作half。
例：9：15 读作 a quarter past nine
10：30读作 half past ten
(3)分钟大于30分钟的用to，表示“还差".分钟离整点还差多少就读多少，小时数加1。
例：158 读作 two to two
4:32读作 twenty—eight to five
6：45读作 a quarter to seven
（4）用12小时计时法时，用a.m.和p.m。表示上下午。
例:4。00p.m.表示下午4点

表语从句例句
1. 定义 2. 引导表语的从句的关联词的种类
（1） 从属连词that. The trouble is that I have lost his address.
原因是他上学迟到了。________________________________
(2)从属连词whether, as, as if
He looked just as he had lookedten years before.
The question is whether they will be able to help us.
注：从属连词if一般可不可以用来引导表语从句_____，as if呢____
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
关键是我们能否解决问题。________________________________
看起来要下雨。_________________________________
注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词____ ____ _____ _____等
听起来好像有人在敲门。_____________________________________
(3) 连接代词____ _____ _____　＿＿　＿＿　＿＿　＿＿　＿＿＿在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
That was what she did this morning on reaching the agreement.
我的问题是谁离开了。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
(4) 连接副词　＿＿＿　＿＿＿　＿＿＿　＿＿＿
What I wonder is when he left. This is where they once lived.
这就是他为何没有到这里来的原因。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
问题是他是如何做此事的。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
(5) 连词because 可引导表语从句。注意：because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等不用于引导表语从句。
I think it is because you are doing too much.
这仅仅是因为我不认识他。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
That’s because he didn’t understand me.(That’s because…强调＿＿＿)
That's why he got angry with me.(That’s why…强调＿＿＿)
注意：在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
一坚持（）二命令（）三建议（）四要求（）
四．注意事项（重点看）
1. 表语从句要用陈述语序。
That is where the famous scientist was born.
This is why she is so happy today.
2. that和what在引导的表语从句的区别：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.
3. if与whether均意为“是否”引导的表语从句是，只能用＿＿＿
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
4. 语气
（1） 主语为advice, order, idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词，之后的表语从句中，谓语动词用＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
(2) as if / though引导的表语从句时，从句谓语多用＿＿＿＿。这是因为从句中的情况与事实不相符。
具体来说，如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用＿＿＿＿＿；如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词＿＿＿＿＿,如果从句表示将来的可能性不大，用＿＿＿＿＿＿。
Li Lei is now in a new jacket and he looks as if he were an American boy.
The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon.
It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.
但是，如果as if, as though引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符，从句则用＿＿＿＿＿＿。
The clouds are gathering. 天看起来好像要下雨。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
5. 时态 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主语时态和从句时态＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
The question is why he cried yesterday.
系动词分类：
一． 根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两
类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语动词，如be, seem）和半系动词（其后既跟表语作系动词用法，也可以跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look）
He looked sad at the boy. He looks a clever boy.
He looks at a clever boy.
在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。
二．根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：
A．五大感官系动词 B. 状态系动词C. 动态系动词 D.双谓语系动词
1.look “看起来像是“，后接＿＿＿　＿＿＿＿　＿＿＿＿＿等。
The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.
2.Smell “听起来”，后接＿＿＿＿。The flower smell sweet.
2. sound “听起来“，后接＿＿＿＿。The music sounds sweet.
3. taste “尝起来“，后接＿＿＿＿。The apples taste very good.
4. feel ①“摸起来，给….感觉”；②“觉得”，后接＿＿＿＿＿＿
You will feel better after a night’s sleep.
B.状态系动词：
1. be, I am a student.
2. seem, They seem quite happy.
3.appear,It appeared (to be) a true story.
4. keep,“保持…的状”，半系动词，后接___＿　＿＿＿＿
You’d better go to bed and keep warm.
5.remain,“仍是”，　　I remained silent.
5. stay “保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
The window stayed open all the night.
6. prove“证明是”，半系动词，后接＿＿＿＿＿
The treatment proved to be sucessful.
C. 动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。
1.get “变成，变得……起来”,后接＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
The days are getting longer and longer.
2. fall“进入（某种状态），成为“，后接以下形容词：asleep,lame, silent, ill, sick, flat. The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent.
My father fell ill and died.
3. grow It’s growing warm.
4. turnMaple trees turn red in autumn.
It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fien.
5. go, “变成（某种坏的状态）”
The telephone has gone dead. The material has gone a funny colour.
Go 之后常接＿＿＿＿还有：bad,blind, wild, wrong sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey
6. become”变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”
I became interested in drawing. He became angry with me.
They became good friends.
7. come, “变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后接＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
His wish to become a pilot has come true.
后面接的形容词还有apart,dear,natural,open,short right,unstuck, untied.
8. run “变成”，后接＿＿＿＿ The price ran high.
9. make, “达到某种状态，后接＿＿＿＿，如：sure, certain, merry, bold, free. We must make certain of facts.
D． 双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。
The sun rose red. She stopped and stood quite still.
The snow lay thick on the ground. He married young.
Lei Feng died young. He continued silent.
表语从句练习
1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because B. that C. for D. because of
3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where B. there C. there where D. where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get
5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D.不填
6. The reason is_________I missed the bus.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
A. that B. like C. as D. as though
9.—I fell sick! --I think it is _______ you are doing too much.
A. why B. when C. what D. because
10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.
A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill
C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill
11. —He was born here. -- That is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why
that/what的区别
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A. What; how are you B. That；how you are
C. How；that you are D. What；how you are
2. The trouble is____we are short of tools.
A. what B. that C. how D. why that
3. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. where C. the place D. there where
4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .
A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being
C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be
5. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that B. That … what
C. What … what D. That … what
6. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.
A. that B. which C. what D. such
高考练习1 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
—Is that_____ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）
A. why B .what C. when D. where
2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through. （1998 上海）
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
3. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. （06 全国） A. when B. which C. where D. what
4. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?(2003北京春) ---Oh, that’s _____. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
5. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.（2004湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
答案DBACCACDDCCB that/what的区别 DBAAA高考练习ABDA
赤峰市华夏职业学校表格教案(一)
撰写时间
年月日
学科
English
课型
New Lesson
执教人
郑艳红
课题
表语从句
Predicative Clause
授课班级

授课时间
年月日
星期第节
教学目标
1、知识目标：掌握表语从句的含义及由一些引导词来引导，需要注意的问题。
2、能力目标：培养学生的听说能力，让学生能灵活运用引导词、并能用所学引导词作句子。
3、德育目标：让学生意识到从句在英语语法中的重要性，并能在实际生活中运用。
教学重点
that, what, who, when, whether,
等引导的表语从句及注意的问题
教学难点
How to use and remember them
教法
learning、discussing、summarizing、practicing
教具
Multimedia
教学课时
1
教学过程
教学步
骤及时
间分配
教学内容
师生活动
教师
学生
教学依据
Step(1)

Warming up
and
Lead in

Step(2)

talking about
(一) 表语从句 The Object Clause
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。
（二）不同引导词引导的表语从句
1、由从属连词that引导的表语从句
The fact is that he doesn’t really try. （努力）
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略：
The trouble is (that) he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。
2、由连词whether引导
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

Greetings

Ask questions

Enlighten the
Students to
answer questions

Greetings

Listen carefully

Look at
the screen
Think over
and answer
questions

启

发

引

导

原

则

赤峰市华夏职业学校表格教案(二)
教学步
骤及时
间分配
教学内容
师 生 活 动
教师
学生
教学依据
Step(3)

explain
language
points

3. 由连接代词引导
You are not who I thought you were.
你已不是我过去所想像的人。
The question is who (m) we should trust.
问题是我们应当相信谁。
What I want to know is which road we should take.
我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
4. 由连接副词引导
The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。
That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。
That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
That’s why he didn’t come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。
5. 由关系代词型what引导
That’s what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。
6. 由as if / as though引导
It isn’t as if you were going away for ever.
又不是你离开不回来了。
Now it was as though she had known Millie for years.
现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
Ask them
To work in groups

Explain

Ask sb to answer
work
in
groups

Answer
and
write
down
also
remember
因
材
施
教
原
则

循
序
渐
进
原
则

边
讲
边
练
原
则
赤峰市华夏职业学校表格教案(三)
教学步
骤及时
间分配
教学内容
师 生 活 动
教师
学生
教学
依据
Step (4)
p