高考复习《动词时态和语态》(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2016,年高考复习,动词的时态和语态,1,时态和语态的主要考点,1,、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时,态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进,行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进,行、过去将来等。,2,、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从,句时态呼应问题。,3,、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。,4,、及物动词的被动语态。,5,、系动词的用法特点。,6,、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。,2,近五年动词的语态和时态在高考中的复现率,考点,年号,一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,过去进行时,一般将来时,现在,完成,时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,总题量,2010,1(24,题,),1(30,题,),1(27,题,),1(34,题,),4,2011,1(22,题,),1(27,题,),1(34,题,),1(30,题,),4,2012,1(24,题,),2(22,、,23,题,),1(25,题,),4,2013,3(24,、,26,、,30,题,),1(34,题,),1(22,题,),1(27,题,),6,2014,2(30,、,34,题,),1(28,题,),3,3,常考时态,一般现在时,现在完成时,一般将来时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成进行时,过去完成时,4,现在完成时,过去进行时,考查比例较大的几点,状语从句的动词时态,一般将来时,5,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时,often,always,usually,sometimes,on Sunday,every,at weekends,once in a while,three times a day,(right)now,at this moment,at present,for the time being,this year,always,for,since,so far,in/over/during the past/last few years,lately,recently,just,up to now,up till now,already,yet,ever,never,twice,three times,before,all the time,all this morning,for,since,in the past few years,6,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,yesterday,last,the day before yesterday,ago,in 2000,in the past,the other day,just now,once upon a time,at 10 last night,then,this morning,at that time/moment,this time yesterday,last year,always,by+,过去时间，,by then,by the end of+,过去时间，,by the time you did sth,.,7,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配,一般将来时,将来进行时,将来完成时,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in 2020,in a few years,in future,in the future,soon,next,another day,at 10 tomorrow,then,this time tomorrow,next year,by+,将来时间,by then,by the end of+,将来时间,by the time you do sth,8,考题点击,1,、,2,1.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _ the Pacific,and we met no storms.A,was called B,is called,C,had been called D,has been called,2.I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.,A.will play B.have played C.played D.play,B,本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观事实，只能用一般现在时。,常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。,D,一般现在时,9,一般现在时表示：,1.,经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。,2.,主语现在的特征、性格和状态。,3.,客观真理。,He seldom asks me for advice.,There are regular flights between the two cities.,China is a developing country which belongs to the third world.,All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.,10,考题点击,3,I dont know when he _,but when he _,I will let you know.A.will come,will come B.comes,comes C.will come,comes D.comes,will come,C,第一个,when,引导宾语从句，从句表将来用一般将来时态。第二个,when,引导时间状语从句，只能,用一般现在时态表将来,。还有条件、让步状语从句也如此。这时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，,“主将从现”。,If you _(,不去,)there tomorrow,_(,我也不去,).,_(,无论你给他多少建议,),he will do exactly what he wants.,Take an umbrella _(,以防下雨,).,neither/nor will I,However much advice you give him,in case it rains,dont go,11,The next train _(leave)at 3 oclock this afternoon.,The film _(start)at seven oclock and _(end)at nine oclock this evening.,The plane _(take)off at 8:00a.m.It is 7:10a.m.now.We must hurry up.,leaves,starts,ends,takes,4.,一般现在时表示按安排或计划要做的动作（,有具体的时间状语,）。限于,come,go,leave,begin,start,end,open,close,return,arrive,take off,stop,depart,等。,The film,_(start)at seven oclock,attracted many young people.,starting,12,Translation:,公共汽车来了。,铃响了。,Here comes the bus.,There goes the bell.,用于倒装句，表示动作正在进行。,=The bus is coming.,=The bell is ringing.,Make sure that all the windows _(close)before you leave the room.,are closed,make sure(that),后面的宾语从句中用一般现在时态。,写作句型：随着,而来的是,倒装句,Along with,there come(s),Along with the physical changes,there come some psychological changes.,13,考题点击,4,、,5,4.,Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.,A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning,5.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.,A.is changing B.has changed,C.will have changed D.will change,D,自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的,are phoning,表示“在不停的打电话”。,A,选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技,正在,飞速发展，表日新月异的变化，所以要用现在进行时。,14,现在进行时的用法：,Look,！,It is raining cats and dogs now.,表现在正在进行（说话的瞬间）的动作。,2.,表当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。,3.,表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶，常与,always,constantly,等连用。,4.,表示按计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。,go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,sleep,stay,do,leave,wear,work,等表移动、方向的动词。,I am writing a novel these days.,The children are always making trouble.,His money is running out.,15,We must look around when _(cross)the road.,Take care while _(ride)a bicycle.,crossing,riding,when we are crossing the road,while you are riding a bicycle,省略句：时间、条件、让步状语从句中如果是现在进行时态，引导词后可省略主语和,be,动词，直接用,v-ing,的形式。,_(,参加会议的有,700,学生,)from Peking University.,_(,一幅画挂在墙上,)by Qi Baishi.,Attending the meeting are 700 students,Hanging on the wall is a painting,倒装句：现在进行时态的句子，可以把,doing,表语提到句首，用全部倒装。,Doing+be+,主语。,16,考题点击,6,、,7,6._ my sister three times today but her line was always busy.,A.Id phoned B.Ive been phoning,C.Ive phoned D.I was phoning,7.Though we dont know what was discussed,but we can feel the topic _.A.had changed B.will change C.was changed D.has been changed,C,D,此题的干扰源是后面的,was busy,。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。,尽管不知道讨论过什么，但感觉到话题已经改换了，表示结果。,17,现在完成时态的用法：,I have seen the film already.,I have had lunch.I am not hungry.,He has lived here since 10 years ago.,He has been to London three times.,1.,到现在为止已经完成的动作。,3.,过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常和表示,包括现在,在内的一段时间的状语连用。,2.,过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。,4.,表反复或习惯性的动作，常与,times,连用。,18,-_ you _(have)lunch yet?-Yes.I _(have)lunch at home.,Have,had,had,到现在为止是否已经吃饭了，强调结果，用现在完成时。回答时表具体在哪里吃的，表过去的动作，用一般过去时。,It is the most instructive lecture that I _(ever,attend).,have ever attended,在“最高级,+,名词”之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。,This is the first time that I _(visit)your country.,have visited,It/This is the first/second/last time that,从句中用现在完成时。,It/This was the first/second/lasttime that,从句中用过去完成时。,19,That man cant be Green;he _ to the USA.A.went B.has gone C.has been to D.had gone,B,went,只表过去曾经去过某地，和现在没关系。,has gone to,表去,了,(,或到了或在途中,),，,has been to,去过,(,已回来,),We will set off at once if the rain _(stop).,Youd better not give up this job until you _(find)a better one.,has stopped,have found,用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前完成,20,The book,which became the best-seller,was written by Arthurs wife,Joan,whom he _(marry)for 52 years.,has been married to,marry,是终止性动词，不可与延续性状语,for,since,等连用，需把终止性动词变成可延续的动词形式,be married to,。其它词有：,die-come-,leave-begin,join-become,borrow-buy-,get in touch with-,fall in love with-,be dead,be here,be away(from),be on,be in,be,keep,have,be in touch with,be in love with,21,考题点击,8,、,9,8.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.,-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.,A.painted B.had painted,C.have been painting D.have painted,9.Now that she is out of a job,Lucy_ going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.,A had consideredB has been considering,C consideredD is going to consider,她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。,C,B,这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。,22,现在完成进行时的用法：,She is very tired.She has been typing letters all day.,All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.,1.,表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至会延续到将来（强调延续）。,2.,到现在为止的一段时间里一再反复发生的动作。,23,高考题点击,10,、,11,、,12,：,10.-Nancy is not coming tonight.,-But she _!,A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised,11.My uncle _ until he was forty-five.,A.marriedB.didnt marry,C.was not marryingD.would marry,Nancy,答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。,until,用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到,until,后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中,marry,是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。,B,B,24,12.-You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?,-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty on you.,A.wasnt saying B.dont say C.wont say D.didnt say,本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是,在这段对话以前的事,了，所以要用一般过去时。,D,25,一般过去时的用法：,The Great Wall came into being in 221 BC.,When in Shanghai,I often went to school by bus.,He put a finger in his mouth,tasted it and smiled with satisfaction.,He said he would call us as soon as he,arrived,home.,1.,表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间状语连用。,2.,表过去一段时间里经常或反复发生的行为。,used to do,和,would do,也表这意思。,3.,表过去先后发生的一连串的动作。前若干动作后用逗号隔开，最后两个之间用,and,连接。,4.,在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。,26,比较,He will come to the party if he _(be)free.He said he _(come)to the party if he _(be)free.,is,would come,was,is,was,表示现在和过去将要发生的动作。,时态呼应原则：当主句谓语动词为一般过去时态，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一过、过进、过完、过将），除非是客观真理，总用一般现在时。,I didnt know where _ my purse.A.have I put B.had I put C.I have put D.I had put,D,根据时态呼应原则排除,A,C,根据陈述句语序选,D,27,When Alice came to,she did not know how long she _ there.A.had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain,The moment I got home,I found I _ my wallet on the playground.A.had left B.has left C.have left D.was leaving,A,A,根据时态呼应原则排除,B,C,根据时间先后选,A,根据时态呼应原则排除,B,D,根据时间的先后选,A,28,Edward,you play so well.But I _ you played the piano.A.didnt know B.hadnt known C.dont know D.havent known,A,C,D,与现在有关，表示现在不知道。根据句意，指过去不知道，现在已知道。,B,表过去的过去，这里只表现在的过去。,-Alan is ill in hospital.-Oh,really?I _(not,know).I _(go)and visit her.,What a nice house!I _(never,think)that one day I _(live)in such a beautiful house.,-Alice,here is your car key,in the drawer.-Thank you.I _(not,realize)that I _(leave)it here.,didnt know,will go,never thought,would live,didnt realize,had left,29,Alice _ in America for 10 years,but she never regrets she has come back to China.A.has worked B.worked C.had worked D.has been working,B,It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847-1931)_ the world leading inventor for 60 years.A.would be B.had been C.has been D.was,易错题,D,误选,A,，但现在完成时是包括现在的时间在内的。这里表已经回来了，在美国工作成为了过去，用一般过去时。,for 60 years,未必只能和现在完成时连用。这里是讲述过去一段时间的经历，用一般过去时。,30,It is time you _(,承担责任,).It is time you _(,进行休学实践年,).,took on the responsibility,took the gap year,It is time(that)sb.did sth.,虚拟语气：“该做某事的时候了”。,_(,如果我是你的话,),I would distribute the money to the poor._(,如果我有一百万,),I would travel to every point of the compass.,If I were you,If I had a million dollars,If,虚拟条件句中，与现在事实相反的假设，用一般过去时表示。,It was not long before they _(occupy)the city center,It was not long since they _(occupy)the city center.,occupied,不久之后就,had occupied,自从,有多久了,31,考题点击,13,13.The manager had fallen asleep where he _,without undressing.,A.was laying B.was lying C.had laid D.had lied,B,该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。,“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“,lay;lain”,。,lay,是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为,laid,；,lied,是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。,32,过去进行时的用法：,The first time I saw her,she was standing in his study.,He was writing a novel last year,but I dont know if he has finished it.,He was constantly leaving things here and there at that time.,He said he was coming to see you the next month.,1.,过去每一时刻正在进行的动作，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。,2.,过去某一时间段正在进行的动作。,3.,与,always,或,constantly,连用，表示说话人过去对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶等。,4.,表过去将要发生的动作，一般限于表移动，方向的动词。,33,I was wondering if I could ask you a question?,My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.,5.,某些表心理活动的词，用于过去进行时，表示委婉、客气，而不表过去。,6.,描述一件事情发生的背景。,34,考题点击,14,14.As she _the newspaper,Granny _asleep.,A.read,was falling B.was reading,fell,C.was reading,was falling D.read,fell,一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，,延续性的动作,（长动作）大都用过去进行时，,短暂性的动作,（短动作）用一般过去时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。,B,They _(have)a meeting when the fire _(break)out.,Jane _(meet)Frank while she _(live)in Holleywood.,The UFO _(travel)from east to west when I _(see)it.,were having,broke,met,was living,was travelling,saw,35,-Please repeat what I said just now.-Sorry,I _.A.didnt listen B.wasnt listening C.hadnt listened D.wont listen,B,when you said it.,-We could have got in for nothing.-Yes,nobody _ tickets.A.collected B.has collected C.was collecting D.had collected,C,when we got in.,在隐含过去进行时，表示“当时正在做某事”时，可以在后面加上,when,从句理解。,比较：,He _(write)a novel last year.He _a novel last year,but I dont know whether he has finished it.,wrote,was writing,当时正在写,写完了,36,写作：描述背景,这是一个寒冷的冬天。北风猛烈的刮，厚厚的雪落下来。一个可怜的小女孩在街上走，这时,It was a cold winter.The north wind was blowing hard and heavy snow was falling.A poor girl was walking in the street when,was/were doing sth.when did sth.,句型：,正在做某事，这时,37,考题点击,15,、,16,15.The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.,A.had cried,lostB.cried,had lost,C.has cried,has lostD.cries,has lost,16.Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.,Oh!I thought they _ without me.,A.went B.are going C.have gone D.had gone,B,D,根据时态呼应原则排除,B,，,C,。“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。,哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。,38,过去完成时的用法：,He had worked there for 10 years before he reached Canada.By the end of last year,the power plant had been completed.,He told me he had made much progress,.,We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train,but we failed to.,1.,表在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态，表“过去的过去”。这个时间可用短语或从句表示，也可上下文加以衬托。,2.,用在主句是过去时的间接引语和宾语从句中，表 示已经完成的动作。,3.,表过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用的动词有,hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend,等,39,If you _(win)the first place in the last exam,you _(get)the iPad as a gift from your father.But you didnt,.,had won,would have got,虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的假设，,if,从句用过去完成时。,How I wish I _(take)your advice last time.If only you _(donate)more money yesterday.Id rather you _(tell)him the truth when you saw him last time.,had taken,had donated,had told,Wish,if only,would rather,后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用过去完成时表与过去事实相反的假设。,40,考题点击,17,、,18,Twenty years ago nobody could predict he _ such a famous scientist.A.became B.will become C.have become D.would become,The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A.is made B.would make C.was to be made D.had made,D,C,20,年前预测未来，表过去的将来，用过去将来时。,过去的一个发现使得人们相信将来可以发财，是过去将来。,41,过去将来时的用法：,He told me that he,would take,an important exam the next week.,The time was not far off when he,would regret,this decision.,表示在过去的某一时刻看来将要发生的事，常常用于主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中。,42,过去将来时的其它表示：,Last Friday we decided we were going to the Great Wall.,It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtze River.,He didnt know when you were coming.,He was about to dive when he saw a shark.,She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.,was/were going to do sth.,打算,was/were to do sth,打算、计划,was/were doing sth.,将要,was/were about to do sth.,就要、正要,was/were on the point of doing sth.,正要,43,句型：,正在做某事，这时,正要去做某事，这时,就要去做某事，这时,.,was/were doing sth.,when,did sth.,was/were about to do sth.,when,did sth.,Was/were on the point of doing sth.,when,did sth.,44,考题点击,19,、,20,：,If a man _ succeed,he must work as hard as he can.,A.willB.is toC.is going to D.should,20.-Youve left the light on.,-Oh,so I have._ and turn it off.,A.Ill go B.Ive gone C.I go D.Im going,B,A,此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。,If,引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而,be to,结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。,Will do,表临时做出的决定。,45,一般将来时的表示：,When I retire,I shall have more time for painting.,The play is going to be put on next month.,He and I are to meet at the theatre.,He is about to start on a journey.,How are you going,by boat or by train?,Ill let him know if he comes here.,will/shall do sth.,将要,be going to do sth.,打算、将要,be to do sth.,打算、计划,be about to do sth.,就要做,be doing,将要,一般现在时表将来,46,-Look!The lights in the room are still on.You must have forgotten to turn them off.-Sorry,I _ to turn them off now.A.will go