学术英语-综合-Unit-2-PPT.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2014-1-9,#,学术英语 综合 Unit 2 PPT,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Unit Contents,Unit objectives,Text A,Text B,Text C,Academic language and discourse,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Unit,Objectives,1,.Professional Knowledge,Get acquainted with some important business concepts(e.g,.profit,maximization,free enterprise,creative capitalism,social responsibility,economic model,socioeconomic model,business,ethics,etc.),2,.Reading,Summarize the main ideas of a text and identify essential supporting points,Understand difficult sentences(e.g.sentences with abstract meaning or ambiguous reference),Analyze complex or controversial issues critically(e.g.Adam Smiths theory vs.modified version of Adam Smiths theory;pros and cons of social responsibility;economic model vs.socioeconomic,model,etc.),Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Unit,Objectives,3,.Listening,Grasp the major points made by the speaker(s),4,.Speaking,Learn how to interrupt politely,5,.Writing,Know how to shape a research paper(cover page and research paper structure,),Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Unit,Objectives,6,.Researching,Independently locate and study a variety of resources(articles,books,videos,etc.)to find out a Chinese or foreign company which has kept the right balance between earning profits and taking social responsibility,7,.Academic language and discourse,Acquire some specialized vocabulary in business,Learn how to add an idea,Comprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal,expressions,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text A Lead-in,Listen to a talk about smoking and answer the following questions,.,What,is the World Health Organizations,formula,for saving a billion,lives during,the,21st,century?,2.How,many smokers are there in,China,according,to the talk?,Which,country is the worlds second-largest,market,for cigarettes?,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text A Overview,Summarize the main,idea,of Text A on the basis of Task 1/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text A.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text A In-depth analysis,1.Contribute as much as possible what you know about the following.,economic,system,free enterprise,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text A In-depth analysis,2.Discuss the features of the two versions of Adam Smiths theory on the basis of Task 1/Critical reading and thinking/Text A,.,The original version,The modified version,The invisible hands,guides companies to strive for profits.,Profit maximization,is the right goal for a business.,Free enterprise system,is best for society.,A firms principal goal should be to maximize,the wealth of its stockholders,.,Free enterprise is still,the best economic system,for the country as a whole.,Some,constraints,are needed for firms.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text A In-depth analysis,3.Find out the arguments about how to strike the right balance between earning profits and taking social responsibility in Text A.,4.Have a group discussion about the questions in Task 2/Critical reading and thinking/Text A.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text A,Supplementary information,Economic system,An economic system is a system for producing,distributing and consuming goods and services,including the combination of the various institutions,agencies,consumers,entities that comprise the economic structure of a given society or community.It also includes how these various agencies and institutions are linked to one another,how information goes between them,and the social relations within the system.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text A,Supplementary information,Two,of the basic and general economic system are market economy and planned economy.Market economy is an economic system in which businesses and individuals decide what to produce and buy,and the market determines quantities sold and prices,whereas planned economy is an economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority,usually by a public body such as a government agency.Although a planned economy may be based on either centralized or decentralized forms of economic planning,it usually refers to a centrally planned economy.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text A,Supplementary information,2.,Free enterprise,Free enterprise refers to the system of business in which individuals are free to decide what to produce,how to produce it,and at what price to sell it.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text B Overview,What is an argumentative essay?,An argumentative essay is a genre of writing whose function is to show that the authors assertion about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others.It requires the author to investigate a topic;collect,generate,and evaluate evidence;and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.Argumentative essay assignments generally call for extensive research of literature or previously published material.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text B Overview,Argumentative assignments may also require empirical research where the author collects data through interviews,surveys,observations,or experiments.Detailed research allows the author to learn about the topic and to understand different points of view regarding the topic so that they may choose a position and support it with the evidence collected during research.Regardless of the amount or type of research involved,argumentative essays must establish a clear thesis and follow sound reasoning.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text B Overview,The structure of an argumentative essay is held together by the following:,A clear,concise,and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first paragraph of the essay.,Clear and logical transitions between the introduction,body,and conclusion.,Body paragraphs that include evidential support.,Evidential support(whether factual,logical,statistical,or anecdotal).,A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis,but readdresses it in light of the evidence provided,.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text B Text Analysis,2.,Summarize,the main ideas of the economic model and the socioeconomic model on the basis of Task 1/Critical reading and thinking/Text B.,Social responsibility(Para.1),It refers to the recognition that business activities have an impact on society and the consideration of that impact in business decision making,.,Economic model of social responsibility(Para.2),It refers to the view that society will benefit most when business is left alone to produce and market profitable products that society needs.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text B Text Analysis,Socioeconomic model of social responsibility(Para.4),It refers to the concept that business should emphasize not only profits but also the impact of its decisions on society.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Economic model,The socioeconomic model,Purpose,To produce quality goods and services,earn a reasonable profit,and provide jobs,To place emphasis not only on,profits,but also on,the impact of business decisions on society,Social responsibility,Social responsibility is,someone elses job,.Companies fulfill their social responsibility indirectly,through the taxes,paid by them.,To have a responsibility not only to,stockholders,but also to,customers,employees,suppliers,and the general public,Text B Text Analysis,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Work in groups of 4-5 to discuss the question in Task 2/Critical reading and thinking/Text B.,Text B In-depth discussion,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text B Researching,Form into teams to do the task in Researching/Text B after class,.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Contribute as much as possible what you know about the following terms.,business ethics,Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,code of,ethics,ethics,officer,Text C Text Analysis,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text C Supplementary information,Business ethics(Para.1,),Business ethics refers to the application of moral standards to business situations,.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text C Supplementary information,Business ethics(Para.1,),Ethical behavior,and corporate social responsibility can bring significant benefits to a business.For example,they,may:,attract,customers to the firms products,thereby boosting sales and,profits,make,employees want to stay with the business,reduce,labour,turnover and therefore increase productivity,attract,more employees wanting to work for the business,reduce recruitment costs and enable the company to get the most talented employees,attract,investors and keep the companys share price high,thereby protecting the business from takeover,.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Text C Supplementary information,2.Sarbanes-Oxley,Act of 2002(SOX)(Para.2),It is an act passed by U.S.Congress in 2002 to protect investors from the possibility of fraudulent accounting activities by corporations.The Sarbanes-Oxley Act mandated strict reforms to improve financial disclosures from corporations and prevent accounting fraud.SOX was enacted in response to the accounting scandals in the early 2000s.Scandals such as Enron,Tyco,and WorldCom shook investor confidence in financial statements and required an overhaul of regulatory standards.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,3.Code of ethics(Para.5),It is a guide to acceptable and ethical behavior as defined by the organization.Different organizations have different codes of ethics.For example,Coca-Cola Company has its Code of Business Conduct which includes acting with integrity around the globe,integrity with companies,integrity in the company,conflicts of interest,integrity in dealing with others,etc.,Text C Text Analysis,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,4.,Ethics officer(Para.6),An ethics officer is someone who aligns the practices of a workplace with the stated ethics and beliefs of that workplace,holding people accountable to ethical standards.Ethics officers are an increasingly common sight in the business community,and they can also be found at colleges and universities,where ethical conduct is often an issue of grave concern for students and staff.Ethics officers perform a number of important tasks.,Text C Text Analysis,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,They can help their employers develop codes of ethics so that a clear standard is created,and they also establish clear consequences for violations of these codes,so that everyone at a company understands that he or she will be held ethically accountable.Ethics officers may also enforce ethical codes,and make adjustments to the code as needed.,Text C Text Analysis,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,2.,Do the Task in Text C.,Text C Text Analysis,regulations,ethical guidelines,ethical,behavior,Ethics officer,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Academic language and discourse,1,.Do,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary/Language building-up/Text A.,Specialized Vocabulary,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Academic language and discourse,2.,Additional classroom,activity:,Translate,the following economic terms,which,appear,in Texts,A,B,and C,from Chinese into English,.,公众意识,资方的态度,所有者经理人,经济利益,社会经济模式,金融机构,利益相关者,商业道德,public awareness,management attitudes,owner-managers,economic interest,socioeconomic model,financial institutions,stakeholder,business ethics,Specialized Vocabulary,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Academic language and discourse,假账,销售代表,伦理准则,道德官,经济体制,股东,accounting fraud,sales representatives,economic codes,ethic officer,Specialized Vocabulary,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,economic system,stockholder,Academic language and discourse,政府监管,市场力量,利益最大化,股票价格,金融体制,资产,经济模式,government regulation,market force,Specialized Vocabulary,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,profit maximization,stock price,financial system,assets,economic mode,Academic language and discourse,Signpost language,1.Do Task 2 Language building-up/Text A.,2.,Additional activity:,Find,signpost words and expressions that,signal,the pattern of adding an idea in Text B,.,suggested answers:,moreover(Line 4,Para.3),not only,but also(Line 1-2,Para.4,),Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,More,about formal and informal English,.,When do you use informal language and when do you use formal language?This is a difficult question.There are many situations where both are completely acceptable.Generally speaking,formal language is often used in official public notices,business situations,and polite conversations with strangers.Formal language has stricter grammar rules and often uses more difficult vocabulary.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,More,about formal and informal English,.,In,formal language,you should,pay attention to the following:,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,Vocabulary,is often a little different in formal and informal context as well.For example:,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,Informal language is all right for friends,co-workers,host family,or service staff(at,a restaurant,for example).Informal language has less strict grammar rules and often,has shortened,sentences.For example:,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,2.,Do,Task 3 Language building-up/Text A.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Listening,1.,More,about listening for main,ideas,Some,strategies of how to get a speakers main idea,:,Listen,for a thesis statement at the end of the,introduction.,Listen for rhetorical questions,or questions that the speaker asks,and then,answers.Often,the answer is the thesis,.,Pay attention to,ideas that are repeated or rephrased.Here are some sentence patterns,for your,reference:,Ill say this again,So again,let me repeat,Let me put it another way,The most important thing to know is,What you need to know is,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Listening,2.Do Tasks 1 and 2/Listening.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Speaking,1.,Have,a discussion about the questions in Task/Speaking,.,2.More information about interrupting,:,Interrupting,at the right,moment,Expressions,used to apologize for interrupting,:,Im,sorry.I didnt mean to cut you off.,What,were you going to say?,Sorry,.Go ahead.,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Writing,Writing a research paper,Writing,a research paper is essential for being successful in the academic,world.Students,at the undergraduate level are more often required to write term,papers,whereas,students at the graduate level are usually asked to write more,academic research,papers which are similar to journal articles.Generally speaking,the,structure of,a journal article varies due to different disciplines(e.g.the structure of a,medical,paper is different from that of a sociological paper).,Supplementary information,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,Writing,Supplementary information,A general structure of research papers for medicine may include:,A general structure of research papers for medicine may include:,Unit,2,Business,Ethics,