及物与不及物动词(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 1,Transitive verbs and,intransitive verbs,(及物动词和不及物动词),1,英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成,不及物动词,与和,及物动词,。,(一),及物动词(,vt,.)：,及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。,1.“,主谓宾,”结构。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。如：,We like,English,.,I love,you,/,all my friends,.,I think,that it is right,.,He asked,when we would start,.,He pretended,to like us,.,2,常见的接不定式的动词有：,decide,determine,hesitate,hope,manage,plan,prepare,promise,refuse,want,arrange,offer,choose,eg:They enjoy,playing basketball,.,常见的接动名词的动词有：,enjoy,escape,finish,mind,imagine,practise,avoid,delay,suggest,risk,keep,resist,admit,appreciate,deny,常见的既接不定式又接动名词的动词有：,remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,consider,cant help,continue,go on,begin,like,.,3,2.“,主谓双宾,”结构。如:,I,hand me the book,over there.,Please pass,me,the book,.,常见的接双宾的动词有：,bring,give,hand,pass,show,tell,buy,teach,3.“,主谓宾宾补,”结构。,作宾补的词有：,形容词、副词、,名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词,等。,如:,We must keep it,a secret,.,They elected Li Ping,their monitor,.,I heard something,interesting,.,Please keep the cat,out,.,4,eg:Miss White told me,not to write,on the wall.,He advised me,to stay,at home.,常见的,带to不定式,作宾补的动词有：,ask,tell,want,order,allow,advise,expect,persuade,invite,like,get,force等。,eg:I noticed a man,pass,by the office.,常见的,不带to不定式,作宾补的动词有：,感官动词,(see,look at,observe,watch,notice,hear,listen to,feel等),使役动词,(make,let,have等)。,(“五看”“三使”“两听”“一感觉”),5,注意：若感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的动词要带to.,I made him,wash,the car for free.(变被动句),He was made,to wash,the car for free.,：,不定式作宾补,强调,动作的全过程,；,现在分词作宾补,强调,动作正在进行,。过去分词作宾补,表示被动和动作已完成,。,eg:I saw him,clean,the classroom.,(我看见他扫教室了。),I saw him,cleaning,the classroom.,(我看见他正在扫教室。),He found the room,cleaned,.,(我发现教室被打扫了。),6,常接现在分词和过去分词作宾补的动词有：,have,let,make,get,keep,catch,find,see,watch,notice,hear等。,(二),不及物动词（,vi.,）,：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。,如：look(看)不能直接加宾语,eg:,Look,!She is singing.,Look,carefully!,Look at,me carefully!,7,不及物动词后面不跟宾语，只能用“主谓”结构,。,This is the room where I once,lived,.,类似的还有：,agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.,既作及物又作不及物的动词，其意义不变。,eg:Everybody,our game,begins,.(vi.开始),Let us,begin,our game.(vt.开始),类似的还有：,start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.,8,既作及物又作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。,eg:we saw the mountain when the clouds,lifted,.,He,lifted,his glass and drank.,类似的还有：,beat,vi.,跳动,vt.,敲、打;,grow,vi.,生长,vt.,种植;,hang,vi.,悬挂,vt.,绞死;,play,vi.,玩耍,vt.,打(牌/球),演奏,smell,vi.,发出(气味),vt.,嗅;,speak,vi.,讲话,vt.,说(语言),operate,vi.,动手术,vt.,操作;,ring,vi.(,电话、铃)响,vt.,打电话;,(vi.烟雾的“消散”),(vt.升高；举起),9,易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：,deal with,a problem,处理问题,depend on,sb.,依靠（依赖）某人,insist on,doing sth.,坚持要做某事,knock on at,the door,敲门,operate on,sb.,为某人做手术,participate in,sth.,参加某事,refer to,sth.,查阅（参考)某物,rely on,sb./sth.,依靠（依赖）某人（某物）,reply to,a letter,回信,注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动词也可能及物，如insist,reply等动词后可接宾语从句，operate表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物。,10,1.If you want to sell your product you must _ it.,A.advertise B.advertise for,C.advertise on D.advertise to,【陷阱】容易误选B，advertise sth 为登广告，登广告宣传。advertise for sth(sb)登广告征求或寻找某物或某人。,实例分析,11,2.No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education you have had,you must _ the people heart and soul.,A.serve B.serve for,C.serve to D.serve on,【陷阱】容易误选B，即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”，将其中的“为”译为 for。,12,请看以下类似例子：,(1)I _ you yesterday,but you werent in.,rang B.rang to,C.rang with D.rang to,注：,ring,可以用作及物动词，表示“给某人打电话”，故其后不用介词。,13,(2)Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin.,A.marry B.marry to,C.marry with D.marry for,注：marry 可用作及物或不及物动词，,用作及物动词时它的意思“与某人结婚”，,而不仅仅是“结婚”，也就是说，后接宾语,时，无需用介词 to,with 等。,14,(3)How can I _ you,Mr.Green?,A.contact B.contact with,C.contact to D.contact for,注：contact 为及物动词，表示“与联系”，其后不接介词。,15,真题点击,1.The pupil _ his right hand,obviously hoping to _ to answer the teachers question.,A.rose;rise B.raised;rise,C.rose;raise D.raised;raise,16,解析：,raise 是,及物动词,，意思是“举起，提高”，还可以表示“喂养家畜、家禽、照料农作物的生长、养家”等 raise the family,rise 是,不及物动词,，意为“上升、提高、升起”还可以表示“起立、起床等”。,17,2.His words on my improper behavior are strongly _ at my memory.,A.impressed,B.established,C.fixed,D.stricken,解析：,be impressed by/at/with表示“对印象深刻”的意思。,18,3.The visiting minister expressed his,satisfaction with the talks,_ that,he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added,注：所填的词与其后的宾语从句构成状语，表示伴随,。add是及物动词（有自己的宾语从句），此处adding表示主动意义，所表示,的动作与谓语动作同时发生。,19,4.Ow!Ive burnt myself!,How did you do that?,I _ a hot pot.,A.touched B.kept,C.felt D.held,注：touch表示“触；摸；碰”，为及物动词，后接名词或代词作宾语，故选A；,feel表示“触；摸”，为不及物动词，后面不接宾语，故C不对。,20,Do parts C1 and C2 on Page 100 of the,workbook,.,21,