必修五-Unit-5-语法-省略(课堂PPT).ppt

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 5,First aid,Learning about language,必修五,1,Ellipsis,Grammar,2,1.This radio ,but that,one doesnt .,读下列句子,说你的感觉。,work,well,works well,2.When pure,a colorless,liquid.,water,is,water,is,3.Are,you,?Yes,I am,.,ready,ready,4.He was,as,he,had,been,in his youth.,a lover of sports,a lover of sports,5.,The,river,deep,and,the,ice,thin.,was,was,6.,ake,care!,You,T,t,3,1.,省略句的定义,省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使,上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。,省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种,十分普遍的现象。,4,2.,句子成分的省略,省略前提,:,主谓宾,定状表,如有重复可删掉。,省略原则,:,词语省略后,不致令人费解。,省略类型：,1.,心照不宣型,(,用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中,),；,2.,承前省后型,(,用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中,),；,3.,可有可无型,(,用于宾语从句中的,that,、定语从句中作,宾语的,whom,which,that,和某些状语从句中,),4.,虚拟倒装型,(,只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中,),。,5,1.,省略主语,:,祈使句中的主语通常被省略,;,其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。,(1),(You),Come,in,please.,(2),(I),See,you,tomorrow.,(3),(I),Thank,you for your help.,(4),(I),Beg,your pardon.,简单句中的省略,6,2.,省略主语或谓语的一部分,简单句中的省略,(1)(,There,is,)No smoking.,(2)(,Will,you,)Have a smoke?,(3)Why(,do,you,)not say hello to him?,(4)How(,do,you,think,)about a cup of tea?,(5)(,You,come,)this way,please.,7,3.,省略宾语：可省略宾语的全部；可省略作宾语,的动词不定式，只保留,to,，但如果该宾语是动词,be,或完成时态，则须在,to,后加上,be,或,have,。,-Do you know Miss Hu?,-I dont know(,her,).,(2)Dont touch anything unless the teacher,tells you to(,touch,).,(3)-Are you a teacher?,-No,but I want to be(,a teacher,).,(4)-He hasnt finished the task.,-Well,he ought to have(,finish,it,).,8,4.,省略表语,-Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am(,thirsty,).,His brother is lazy.Nor is his sister(,lazy,).,5.,同时省略几个句子成分,-Are you feeling better now?,-(,Im,feeling,)better(,now,).,(2)(,I wish,)Good luck(,to,you,)!,(3)Lets meet at the school gate as the,same as(,we,met,)yesterday.,9,并列句中的省略,两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句,中相同的部分。,My father is a doctor and my mother,(,is,)a nurse.,(2)I study at college and my sister(,studies,),at high school.,(3)Lins father was not at home,but his,mother was(,at,home,).,10,主从复合句中的省略,1.,主句中有一些主谓被省略。,(,Im,)Sorry to hear that you are ill.,(2)(,Its,)a pity that you missed such a,good chance.,2.,省略从句中与主句相同的部分。,They do not visit their parents as much as,they ought to(,visit,their,parents,).,3.,主句与从句各有一些成分被省略。,The sooner(,you,do,it,),the better(,it,will,be,).,11,4.,省略一个从句或从句的一部分,可用,so,或,not,代替。常用于此类的动词有,believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell,等以及,appear,seem,afraid etc.,(4)Do you think he will attend the meeting?,-I guess,not,.,(1)Is he coming back tonight?-I think,so.,(2)She must be busy now.,-If,so,she cant,go,with,us,.,(3)Is she feeling better today?-Im afraid,not,.,12,其他省略,1.,连词,that,的省略,宾语从句中常省略连词,that,。,I know he is a student.,(2),在定语从句中，,that,在从句中作宾语时可省略。另外，,凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词,和,be,动词。,He likes the songs(,that,)Andy Lau sings.,He likes the songs(,that,are,)sung by Andy Lau.,(that),13,2.,在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的,主语一致时，可省去“主语,+be”,部分。,(1)When still a boy of 10,he had to,work day and night.,(2)She tried her best though rather,poor in health.,(3)While cycling,dont forget the,traffic lights.,骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。,(you are),(you),(he was),(she was),14,3.,不定式符号,to,的省略,1),并列的不定式可省去后面的,to,。,I told him,to,sit,down,and,wait for,a moment.,2)help,当“帮助”讲时,后面的宾语或宾补的,不定式符号,to,可带可不带。,I will help,(to),do it for you.,I will help you,(to),do,it.,(3),介词,but,前若有动词,do,后面的不定式不带,to.The,boy did nothing,but play.,15,4),某些使役动词,（,let,make,have,）,及感官动词,（,see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to,等）,后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定,要省去,to,，但在被动语态中须将,to,复原。,I,saw,the,boy,fall,from,the,tree.,The,boy,was,seen,to,fall,from,the tree.,The,boss,made,us,work,12,hours a day.,We,were,made,to,work,12,hours a day.,16,5),主语从句中有动词,do,，后面作表语的不定式,的,to,可带可不带。,What we can do now is,(to)wait.,6)find,当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的,不定式符号,to,可带可不带。,We found him,(to)work,very hard at the,experiment.,但如果是不定式,to be,，则不能省略。,She found him,to,be,dishonest.,17,(3),Should,there,be,a flood,what should we do?,they would certainly come,and help us.,(2),Were I you,I would do the work,better.,Had they,time,If,they had time,(If I were you),(If there should be a flood),4.,连词,if,在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将,后面的,should,were,had,提到主语的前面。,18,5.,英语中有一些固定的省略结构：,在以,if,when,though,as if(,好象,),等连词引导,的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是,be,常将主语,it,和动词,be,省略。,If necessary,we shall send a telegram home.,如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。,Whenever possible,he will come to my help.,他一有可能就来帮助我。,it,is,it,is,19,Notes,1.,省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份。,What exciting news!(=What exciting news,it is!),多么令人激动的消息啊！,Pity hes failed.(=It is a pity that hes failed.),很遗憾，他失败了。,I like him more than her.(=I like him more,than I like her.),我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她,。,20,3.,被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但,有时省略结构已经定型,如果把省略部分补上,反而不合乎习惯。,He is taller than I am.,他比我高。,(am,之后省略,tall,补上不合习惯）,No parking.,禁止停车。,(,告示用语,=No parking is allowed here.),有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：,Not at all.,不用谢。,No matter.,不要紧。,Thanks.,谢谢。,21,1.Havent seen you for ages.,2.Sounds like a good idea.,3.Sorry to hear that.,4.this way,please!,5.Joining us for a walk?,6.Some more tea?,7.Doesnt matter.,8.Pity you couldnt come.,9.Terrible weather!,10.Going to the supermarket?,Exercise,I,It,I am,Walk,Would,you,like,Would,you,like,It,It,is a,What/Such,Are,you,22,Exercise,She can swim under water longer than,I can swim under water.,2.They discussed whether they should stay,in the house or they should try the open air.,3.They had a meal,they went out for a walk,and then they came back to sleep.,4.Dont bathe if you dont need to bathe.,5.I dont visit my parents as much as I ought,to visit my parents.,23,1.The research is so designed that,once _ nothing can be done,to change it.,A.begins,B.having begun,C.beginning,D.begun,D,单项选择,24,2.What surprised me was not what he,said but _ he said it.,A.the way,B.in the way that,C.in the way,D.the way which,A,25,3.A computer does only what thinking,people _.,A.have it do,B.have it done,C.have done it,D.having it done,A,26,4.-Ill be away on a business trip.Would,you mind looking after my car?,-Not at all._.,A.Ive no time,B.Id rather not,C.Id like it,D.Id be happy to,D,27,5.-You havent lost the ticket,have you?,-_.I know its not easy to get,another one at the moment.,A.I hope not,B.Yes,I have,C.I hope so,D.Yes,Im afraid so,A,28,6._ it rain tomorrow,we would,have to put off the visit to the,Yangpu Bridge.,A.Were B.Should,C.Would D.Will,B,29,7.-Lets go and have a good drink,tonight.,-_ Have you got the first prize,in the competition?,A.What for?,B.Thanks a lot.,C.Yes,Id like to,D.Why not?,A,30,8.-Tomorrow is a holiday.Why are,you doing your homework?,-I am doing these exercises now so,that I wont have _ on Sunday.,A.it B.them C.for D.to,D,31,9.-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday,party tomorrow evening?,-Yes.Itll be fine if you _.,A.are B.can C.invite D.do,10.-Arent you the manager?,-No,and I _.,A.dont want to B.dont want to be,C.dont want be D.dont want,D,B,32,11.-Wont you have another try?,-_.,A.Yes,I will have B.Yes,I wont have,C.Yes,I wont D.Yes,I will,12.-I wont do it any more.,-_?,A.Why not,B.Why dont do any more,C.Why not do,D.Why dont,D,A,33,13.-Do you think it will snow tomorrow?,-_.,A.I dont think B.No,I dont think,C.I dont think so D.No,I dont so,14.-Have you fed the cat?,-No,but _.,A.Im B.I am,C.Im just going D.Im just going to,C,D,34,15.-Does your brother intend to study German?,-Yes,he intends _.,A./B.to C.so D.that,16,.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the,street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do,C.not do it D.do not to,17,.-What do you think made Mary so upset?,-_her new bicycle.,A.As she lost B.Lost,C.Losing D.Because of losing,B,A,C,35,18.If _,well continue our experiment,after office hours.,A.being necessary B.be necessary,C.is necessary D.necessary,19.,-Do you think its going to rain over the,weekend?-_.,A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it,C.I believe not so D.I believe not,20.Generally speaking,_ according to,directions,the drug has no side effect.,A.when taking B.when taken,C.when to take D.when to be taken,D,D,B,36,21,.One of the sides of the board should be,painted yellow,and _.,A.the other is white B.another white,C.the other white D.another is white,22,.-Would you like some wine?,-Yes,just _.,A.little B.very little C.a little D.a few,C,C,37,替代,(,一,),so,和,not,作替代词，代替被省略的某个词,(,组,),或句子，一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连,用，作,be afraid,believe,become,all,do,expect,fear,hope,imagine,say,see,speak,suppose,think,等的宾语。,Not,代替否定的句子还可放在,perhaps,probably,absolutely,等副词后。,38,e.g.She was not angry at first,but became,so,(=angry,)after a while.,-Is he the best student in the class?,-I think so,(=He is the best student in the,class).,-I think not,(=He is not the best student,in the class).,39,(,二,),替代的应用,1.so,可以放在句首或句尾，但若谓语动词是,see,notice,hear,等，则只能放在句首。如：,I believe(say,think)so.=So I believe(say,think).,He is absent today.,So I see(hear,notice).,2.,在表示肯定或怀疑意义的句中不可用,so,。,如：误,:I doubt so.,正,:I doubt it.,40,4.do so,一般只用替代动态动词,不替代静态,动词。如,:,She said she would go with me,but she,didnt do so.,-Alice feels better today.,-I think she does.,-So she does.,而不能说,I think she does so.,3.,在,ask,和,know,之后也不用,so,。如：,误,:Why do you ask so?,正,:Why do you ask that?,41,1.Havent seen you for ages.,2.Some more tea?,3.Sounds like a good idea.,I,havent seen you for ages.,Would you like,some more tea?,That/It,sounds like a good idea.,Find out what have been left out.,42,4.Doesnt matter.,5.Sorry to hear that.,It,doesnt matter.,Im,sorry to hear that.,6.Pity you couldnt come.,7.This way,please.,Its/What a,pity you couldnt come.,Step/Come,this way,please.,43,8.Terrible weather!,9.Joining us for a drink?,10.Going to the supermarket?,What,terrible weather,it is,!,Are you,joining us for a drink?,Are you,going to the supermarket?,44,1.,我的兄弟抽烟，而我不抽烟。,My brother smokes,but I dont(smoke).,Translation,2.,一旦出版,，,这部小说将成为今年的畅 销书之一。,When published,the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.,45,3.,他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱,好者。,He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.,4.,那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。,He spent part of the money,and the rest he saved.,5.,我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。,I like him more than her.,46,Homework,1.Go over the usage of Ellipsis.,2.Do Exercises 2,3,4 on page 37.,47,Thank You!,48,