资源描述
1 Abｒaｈam LincolnﻫHe ｓaｖed the Unｉon, freeｄ ｔhe ｓlaves, ａｎd preｓided over Ａｍｅrｉcａ’ｓ sｅcond fouｎｄｉnｇ.
ﻫ2 Georｇe Washington
He made thｅ Ｕnited Stａｔeｓ ｐossible—ｎot onｌy by defeａting ａ king, ｂuｔ ｂy ｄeclｉｎｉng ｔo become one himsｅlf．ﻫﻫ3 Thoｍas JeffersonﻫＴhｅ auｔhor oｆ ｔhe fｉｖｅ moｓt importaｎｔ wｏrds ｉn Americaｎ ｈistｏｒy: “All ｍeｎ are crｅatｅｄ eｑuaｌ.”
4 Fｒaｎkｌin Delａｎo RooseveltﻫHe saiｄ, “The only thｉng we have to ｆear iｓ fear ｉtself,” and then he pｒoveｄ iｔ.
5 Aｌexander Hａmiltoｎ
Ｓoldieｒ, banker, and ｐolｉtical sｃientiｓt, hｅ sｅｔ in motｉon an agrarian ｎaｔion’s transfｏrmatiｏn into an ｉnｄｕsｔｒiaｌ ｐowｅｒ.
６ Benjamin Fｒankliｎ
Thｅ Ｆｏunder-of-all－trades— scieｎtist, printer, ｗritｅr， diｐlomａt, inventｏr, and morｅ； liｋe hｉｓ coｕntrｙ， hｅ conｔainｅｄ multｉtuｄes.
7 Jｏhn Maｒsｈａll
Tｈｅ definiｎｇ chieｆ jusｔｉce, he estaｂｌisheｄ thｅ Suprｅme Ｃouｒｔ aｓ the eｑuaｌ of thｅ oｔher two ｆederaｌ ｂrａｎｃhes．
8 Martｉn Lｕther King Jｒ．ﻫHｉs ｄｒeam ｏf racｉal equaliｔy is ｓtill eｌｕsiｖe, buｔ ｎo one did more to makｅ ｉt ｒeal．
ﻫ９ Ｔhｏｍas Edison
It wasn’t just ｔhe ｌigｈtbulb; the Ｗｉzａrd of Meｎlo Paｒｋ wａｓ tｈe most ｐrolific inventor in Ａmerｉｃaｎ hisｔoｒｙ.ﻫ
1０ Woｏdrow WilｓonﻫＨe maｄe tｈe world safe ｆor U．S. interｖenｔｉonｉsｍ， if ｎoｔ fｏr dｅmoｃｒaｃy．
ﻫ11 John D． ＲocｋefellｅrﻫＴhe man behiｎｄ Standａrd Oil ｓet the mold for oｕｒ tyｃoｏｎｓ—fｉｒst by making ｍoney， then by gｉvｉng ｉｔ ａway.
ﻫ１2 Uｌｙｓｓeｓ S． Gｒａnｔ
Hｅ was a poor presidenｔ, bｕｔ he was ｔhe geｎerａl Linｃoｌn needed; he also wroｔｅ ｔｈe gｒｅateｓt ｐｏｌｉticａl ｍeｍoir iｎ Amerｉcan ｈiｓtory.ﻫﻫ１３ Ｊａmes MadisｏnﻫHe faｔhered the Ｃonstｉｔutiｏｎ anｄ wｒoｔe the Ｂill of Rｉｇhｔs.ﻫﻫ１4 Ｈenry Forｄ
He gave uｓ tｈe aｓｓembly line aｎd ｔhｅ Ｍoｄｅl T, ａnd sparked Ameｒica’s ｌｏvｅ ａffaｉr witｈ the automｏｂile.ﻫ15 Thｅodoｒｅ RｏｏｓｅｖeｌtﻫWhetｈｅr bｕｓｔing ｔrusts or buｉlｄｉng ｃａnａls, ｈe embｏｄｉed the “strenuouｓ life” and blazｅd ａ traiｌ fｏｒ ｔwｅｎtiｅｔh-ceｎtury Ａｍeｒｉcａ.
ﻫ16 Mark Ｔｗａin
Ａuthor of ouｒ national ｅpｉc, ｈｅ was ｔhｅ ｍoｓｔ ｕｎｓenｔimeｎtal obseｒvｅr oｆ our national life.
ﻫ１７ Roｎald RｅagａnﻫＴhｅ amiable ａrchｉtecｔ of ｂｏtｈ thｅ ｃoｎservａtivｅ rｅalignｍｅnｔ aｎd the Ｃold Wａｒ’s end.ﻫﻫ１8 Ａｎdrew JacksｏnﻫThe firsｔ greａｔ ｐoｐulist： he founｄ Ameｒicａ a repuｂlｉc ａnd ｌeft ｉt ａ dｅmocｒａcy．
19 Thomas Paiｎe
Tｈｅ ｖｏicｅ ｏf the Ameriｃａｎ Reｖｏlution, aｎd ｏｕｒ first great radｉcal.
2０ Andrｅw CarnｅgｉeﻫThｅ ｏrｉginal self-mａde man foｒged Amｅrica’s inｄustrｉａl migｈt aｎｄ ｂeｃame one of the naｔion’ｓ greateｓt phiｌantｈropｉstｓ.ﻫ
2１ Haｒｒy ＴrｕmanﻫＡn acｃiｄenｔａｌ pｒesiｄenｔ, this machｉne pｏｌｉticｉan usｈered ｉn the Atomic Ａge aｎd ｔhen the Cｏｌd Ｗａr.ﻫ
2２ Ｗaｌt WｈitmanﻫHe saｎg ｏｆ Aｍericａ aｎd sｈaped thｅ ｃｏuntｒｙ’s conceptｉｏn ｏｆ itselｆ.
2３ Wrｉght Broｔhers
Ｔｈey got us ａll ｏfｆ tｈe groｕnd.ﻫﻫ２4 Alexanｄer Ｇraham Ｂeｌl
Ｂｙ inｖｅnting tｈe ｔeleｐｈｏｎｅ, hｅ opened thｅ agｅ of tｅleｃｏmｍuｎicatioｎs and ｓｈｒanｋ ｔhe world．
25 Johｎ AｄａｍsﻫHｉs ｌｅadｅrsｈiｐ ｍａde thｅ Ameｒicａn Reｖｏlution possible； hiｓ devotｉon tｏ repｕblicanism madｅ it succeed.ﻫ
26 Wａlt DisneyﻫＴhｅ quinｔessential entｅrtaiｎer-entｒepreneur, ｈe wieｌｄed ｕnmatcｈｅd iｎｆlｕeｎｃe oｖer ｏur chｉlｄｈood.
2７ Eｌi WhitneyﻫHis ｇin mａde coｔtｏｎ king and suｓtａinｅd an ｅmpire ｆor slａverｙ.ﻫ
28 Dwight Eiｓｅnhoｗeｒ
He ｗｏn a war and ｔwo electionｓ, anｄ ｍade eveｒyboｄy lｉkｅ Ikｅ．
ﻫ29 Earl WａrrenﻫHis Suprｅｍe Couｒt transformed American societｙ and bｅｑｕeathed tｏ us the ｃｕlturｅ wars.
ﻫ30 Ｅlｉzaｂｅtｈ Cａdy Sｔanｔｏn
One ｏf the fiｒｓt gｒeａt Aｍeriｃａｎ femiｎistｓ, she fｏugｈt for ｓociaｌ reｆｏrm anｄ woｍen’s riｇht to vote.ﻫ
31 Henrｙ Clay
One of Ameriｃa’s ｇreatest legislａtorｓ and oｒators, hｅ fｏｒgｅd ｃｏmｐromiseｓ that heｌd off ｃivil war for deｃades.ﻫ
３２ Aｌｂeｒt EｉnsteiｎﻫＨiｓ gｒeatest ｓcｉentｉｆｉｃ work was donｅ ｉn Europe, bｕt hiｓ huｍａnity earned ｈiｍ undying fａme in America．
ﻫ33 Raｌph Ｗａldo Emerｓｏn
Tｈe bard of indiｖiｄuａlism, he relied on ｈｉmsｅlｆ—aｎd told us aｌl to do the sａmｅ．
ﻫ34 Jonas Salk
Hｉs vaccｉne for polio eｒadiｃatｅｄ ｏｎe ｏf the ｗorｌｄ’s worst plａguｅs.ﻫﻫ3５ Jaｃkiｅ Robｉnsｏn
Hｅ broｋe ｂaｓeball’s color baｒriｅr anｄ emｂodiｅd intｅgｒaｔion’s proｍiｓｅ.
３6 Wilｌiａm Jennｉngs Bryan
“The Great Commoｎｅr” lost tｈｒee presｉdenｔial ｅlｅctionｓ, buｔ his popｕlisｍ ｔｒansfｏrｍｅd tｈe couｎtry.ﻫ
３7 J. P. Morｇan
Tｈｅ gｒeat financｉeｒ and ｂanker wａs ｔhe ｐrotoｔype for aｌl the Wａｌｌ Ｓtｒｅet barons who ｆollowed.ﻫ
３8 Sｕsan Ｂ. AnｔhonyﻫShe ｗaｓ the cｏｕntry’ｓ most eloqｕｅnｔ vｏicｅ fｏr ｗoｍen’s eｑualiｔy ｕnder thｅ laｗ.
ﻫ39 Rａchｅl Ｃaｒｓｏｎ
The author of Ｓiｌent Sprinｇ ｗas godｍｏｔher to thｅ ｅｎvironｍenｔal movemeｎt.ﻫﻫ4０ John Deｗｅy
He ｓought tｏ makｅ the public scｈool a training ｇround foｒ demｏcratiｃ ｌife．
ﻫ41 Haｒriet Bｅecｈｅｒ ＳtoweﻫHeｒ Ｕｎcle Toｍ’s Cabｉｎ ｉｎｓpired a geｎｅration of ａboｌiｔioniｓts and set the ｓｔａge fｏr ｃivｉl ｗａｒ.ﻫ
4２ Eleanor RooseveltﻫSｈe useｄ the first lady’s ｏffｉcｅ aｎd ｔhe mａss mｅdｉa ｔo ｂeｃome “firsｔ ｌady of ｔhｅ ｗorld.”
４３ W. E. B. DuBoiｓﻫOｎe ｏf Ameｒica’ｓ grｅat iｎｔｅllectuals, he ｍade the “ｐrｏblem of ｔhe coloｒ line” hiｓ life’s wｏrk.ﻫﻫ44 Lynｄoｎ Baines Joｈnsoｎ
His ｂrillianｃe ｇave ｕs ｃｉvil－riｇｈｔｓ laws; ｈiｓ sｔubbornneｓs gave us Vietnam．ﻫﻫ４５ Samuel Ｆ. Ｂ. ＭorseﻫBｅfore the Iｎｔｅrｎｅｔ, thｅrｅ waｓ Morse ｃode．
ﻫ46 Wilｌiam Ｌｌoyｄ Garrisｏｎ
Ｔｈｒougｈ his newspapeｒ, The Ｌｉberator, he becaｍe the voｉce oｆ ａboｌｉtiｏn.ﻫﻫ47 Frederｉｃk Douｇlａsｓ
Aｆｔｅr escapiｎg from slavery, he ｐricked ｔhe nation’ｓ conscience wiｔh an eloquｅｎt aｃcounｔing of its cｒiｍeｓ.
ﻫ４8 Ｒobeｒt Ｏppenheiｍer
The father ｏf thｅ atoｍic bomｂ and the regreｔful midｗife of the nuclear era.ﻫ
49 Fｒederｉｃk Ｌaw Oｌmsｔｅd
The geniｕs beｈind Nｅw York’s Ceｎｔｒａl Pａｒk, he iｎｓｐireｄ tｈe greeninｇ of Ameｒica’s cｉtiｅs.
ﻫ5０ Ｊａmｅs K. Polｋ
Ｔhis ｏｎe-ｔeｒm ｐｒesｉdeｎｔ’s Mexiｃan Wａr ｌandgrａb gavｅ uｓ Caliｆornia, Tｅxas, aｎd the Soutｈweｓt．
ﻫ５1 Margaｒet Sａｎger
Thｅ ardent ｃhampion of biｒth contｒol—ａnd of thｅ sｅxual ｆｒeｅdｏｍ that came wiｔh ｉｔ.
ﻫ52 Joseｐh Smiｔh
The foundeｒ of Mormonism， Ａmerｉｃａ’s moｓｔ famous homｅgrowｎ ｆａith．ﻫﻫ5３ Oliver Wｅnｄell Holmes Ｊr．ﻫＫnown as “The Ｇreat Ｄissenter，” hｅ wｒote Ｓｕpｒemｅ Couｒt opinｉonｓ thaｔ cｏｎtｉnue tｏ shaｐe American jｕｒisｐｒudencｅ．ﻫ
54 Bilｌ Ｇaｔes
Ｔｈe Rocｋefelleｒ ｏf tｈｅ Informａｔion Aｇe, ｉｎ business and ｐｈilantｈropy ａliｋe．
ﻫ55 John Quinｃy Aｄaｍs
Tｈｅ Mｏnroe Doctrｉne’ｓ rｅal author, hｅ ｓeｔ nｉnｅtｅeｎｔh-ｃeｎｔｕｒy Amｅrｉcａ’s diplomatiｃ couｒsｅ.ﻫﻫ５６ Horａｃe Ｍaｎn
His ｔirｅless aｄvｏcacｙ of unｉversal ｐuｂlic scｈｏolinｇ earned him the tｉｔle “Thｅ Ｆatheｒ oｆ Ａmeｒiｃａn Eｄuｃａtion．”ﻫﻫ５7 Robert E. LeeﻫHｅ was ａ ｇooｄ generaｌ but a better ｓymbol, embｏdying coｎcilｉation iｎ defeａt．
5８ John Ｃ． CalhounﻫＴhe voice of the aｎteｂellum Sｏuth, hｅ was slavｅry’s most ａｒdｅnｔ ｄefｅnder．
ﻫ59 Louis SulｌiｖaｎﻫTｈe faｔher of aｒｃhitｅcturａl moｄｅrnism, hｅ shapeｄ the deｆiｎiｎg Ａｍeｒicａn buildiｎｇ： ｔhｅ sｋyｓcraｐｅr.ﻫﻫ6０ Wiｌｌiam Fａulｋnｅr
The ｍosｔ ｇifted chroｎｉcｌer of Amｅｒica’s ｔoｒmeｎted ａnd fascinａtiｎｇ Sｏｕth．
61 Samｕeｌ GomｐerｓﻫＴhｅ ｃountｒy’s greatest ｌabor ｏｒganizer, hｅ maｄe the goｌdｅn agｅ oｆ ｕnioｎｓ possible.ﻫ
62 William JameｓﻫＴhe mind beｈind Pｒagｍatism， Amerｉcａ’ｓ moｓt imｐortａｎt ｐhｉlｏsophiｃal sｃhool.
ﻫ63 Geoｒge Marshaｌｌ
As ａ ｇeneraｌ, he oｒgaｎizｅd ｔhｅ Amerｉｃａn effｏrt in Wｏrlｄ Ｗar IＩ； aｓ a sｔateｓman, he ｒｅbｕilt Wｅstern Ｅuｒｏpe.ﻫﻫ64 Jａne ＡdｄamsﻫThe ｆounｄer oｆ Hｕlｌ House， shｅ bｅcame tｈe sｅｃular saint oｆ socｉａｌ work.
６5 Henｒy Ｄａｖｉｄ Thoreａｕ
Ｔhｅ orｉginａl Ａmｅrican dropout, he ｈａs inspｉrｅd seeｋers of authentｉcｉty fｏr 150 yｅaｒs.ﻫﻫ６6 Ｅlvis PresleyﻫThe king of rｏck anｄ rolｌ. Enoｕgh sａid.
ﻫ67 P． T. Barnuｍ
Ｔｈe circus impresaｒio’s taste ｆor spectacle paved ｔhe way foｒ bｌockbuｓteｒ ｍovｉｅs ａnd reality ＴV.ﻫﻫ68 Jａmes D. Wａtsoｎ
Ｈe ｃｏdiｓcoverｅd ＤNA’ｓ ｄｏuble helix, revealing ｔhe cｏde of liｆｅ ｔo ｓciｅntisｔs ａnｄ eｎtreｐrｅnｅurs alｉke.ﻫ
69 James Gｏrdｏn Bennｅｔt
As tｈe fｏｕnding puｂlisheｒ ｏf The New Yorｋ Herald, hｅ inｖented the modern American ｎeｗｓpaper.
ﻫ70 Lewｉs aｎd ClaｒｋﻫTheｙ ｗｅｎｔ west to eｘplｏrｅ, and ｍilｌiｏnｓ ｆolloweｄ in ｔheｉr ｗake.ﻫ
71 Ｎoah WｅbｓtｅrﻫＨe didn’ｔ ｃrｅａte Ameｒicａn Eｎglish, but hｉｓ dictioｎary ｄefｉnｅd it．
72 Sam ＷalｔonﻫHｅ promiseｄ us “Ｅvery Day Low Prices，” aｎd wｅ ｔook him ｕp on ｔｈｅ offer.ﻫﻫ７3 Ｃyrus McCormick
Hiｓ ｍecｈaｎiｃal ｒeapeｒ sｐelled the end ｏf ｔradｉtｉｏnal ｆaｒｍing, and ｔhe ｂegｉnning ｏｆ industrｉal agrｉculｔurｅ.
ﻫ74 Ｂｒigham Yｏuｎg
What Josｅｐh Sｍith foundｅｄ, Yoｕｎg preserｖｅd, ｌeading tｈe Mｏrmons to ｔheir prｏmised ｌand.
７5 Gｅorge Herｍaｎ “Ｂabe” RｕtｈﻫHe saｖｅd thｅ nａtional pastｉme iｎ tｈe wake of the Blａck Ｓoｘ sｃaｎdal—ａｎd permａｎently ｌiｎkｅd sｐｏrts and celebrｉtｙ.ﻫﻫ76 Frank Lloｙd Ｗrigｈt
Ameｒica’s mｏsｔ siｇnｉｆicaｎt architｅｃｔ, ｈe waｓ tｈe archetｙpe ｏｆ the visｉoｎａry artiｓt at odｄｓ witｈ ｃapitalism.
77 Betty Fｒiｅdaｎ
She ｓｐoke tｏ the diｓcontｅnt oｆ ｈousewivｅs ｅｖeｒywｈeｒe—aｎd ｉｎspired a revolution ｉn gｅndｅr rｏlｅs.
ﻫ７8 John Browｎ
Whetｈｅr ａ herｏ, a fanatic, or both, he pｒｏviｄｅd the spａrk for the Civil Ｗａr.ﻫﻫ79 Louｉs ArmｓtｒongﻫHiｓ ｔａlｅnt and ｃhariｓma ｔｏok jaｚz ｆrom the cａtｈouseｓ of Ｓtoｒyville to Broadｗay, teleｖisioｎ, aｎd beyｏnd．
ﻫ8０ Wiｌliam Ranｄolｐｈ Hearst
Ｔhe prｅｓｓ baron ｗho peｒfecteｄ yｅlloｗ jouｒｎalism anｄ heｌｐed staｒt the Sｐaｎｉｓｈ－Aｍericaｎ Waｒ.ﻫ
81 Mａrgａreｔ MｅadﻫWith Ｃoming of Ａge in Ｓamoａ, shｅ ｍade ａntｈｒopolｏｇｙ rｅlevant—aｎd ｃontroverｓiａl.ﻫ
８2 Geｏｒgｅ GalｌupﻫHe asked Aｍerｉcans what theｙ thought, and tｈe pｏliticｉａnｓ listened.
８3 James Ｆeniｍorｅ CooperﻫThｅ nｏvels aｒe ｕnrｅadａble, ｂｕt he was ｔhe fｉｒsｔ ｇreａｔ mythｏloｇiｚｅr of the fｒoｎｔier．
ﻫ８4 Thurgｏod ＭａrshalｌﻫAs a ｌawyｅｒ and a Ｓuｐｒeｍe Cｏｕrt ｊｕstｉｃe, he waｓ ｔhe lｅgal ａrｃｈｉtect of ｔhe ciｖiｌ-rｉghts revｏlution.ﻫﻫ８5 Ernest Ｈｅｍｉｎgway
His ｓｐarｅ style definｅｄ Amｅriｃaｎ ｍodernism, ａnd hｉｓ ｌｉfe made machisｍo a cｌiché.ﻫ
8６ Marｙ Bａker Ｅddｙ
Shｅ goｔ ofｆ hｅr ｓｉｃkbeｄ aｎd founded Christiaｎ Scieｎce, wｈich promｉｓed spirituaｌ hｅaling ｔｏ alｌ．ﻫﻫ87 Benjａｍｉn SpockﻫWitｈ a single boｏk—aｎd a singular apprｏａch—ｈe chａnｇed Ａmｅｒican ｐaｒenting．
88 Eｎrｉｃo Feｒmｉ
Ａ gianｔ of ｐhysicｓ， he helｐed develop qｕanｔｕm theｏry and was inｓtrｕmentａl ｉｎ building tｈe atomｉc bomb.ﻫ
８9 Waｌtｅr Liｐpmａｎn
Tｈｅ last maｎ wｈo could swiｎg an eleｃtion wｉth a newsｐａper column.
90 Joｎａｔhan EｄwardsﻫFｏrget the fire ａnｄ brｉｍstone: hｉs ｓubtｌｅ ｅloquence mａde him tｈe cｏｕntｒy’ｓ mｏｓt iｎｆlｕentｉal tｈeoｌogian．
91 Lｙman BeecｈerﻫHarrｉｅｔ Ｂｅｅcher Stowe’s cleｒgymａn fａｔher eaｒned fame as aｎ abｏlitiｏｎist and an eｖangeliｓt．
ﻫ92 Joｈn StｅｉｎbeckﻫＡs tｈe cｒeａtoｒ oｆ Toｍ Joad, he cｈroｎicｌed Depreｓｓiｏｎ－era miｓｅry.
ﻫ9３ Nat Ｔuｒner
Ｈe wａｓ tｈe mosｔ sｕcｃesｓｆul rebeｌ slａve； his spｅcter woulｄ ｓtａｌk ｔhe white South for ａ ceｎturｙ.ﻫﻫ94 Geｏrgｅ Eastman
Tｈｅ fouｎdeｒ of Koｄak democratｉzed pｈotography with his hａndｙ rｏｌlｓ ｏf film.ﻫﻫ95 Saｍ Goldwyn
A producｅr for ｆortｙ yeａｒs, he waｓ ｔｈｅ fｉrsｔ great Ｈolｌｙwｏod mogul．ﻫﻫ9６ Raｌph Nader
Hｅ mａde tｈe ｃars ｗｅ drivｅ safｅr; tｈｉrtｙ yeaｒｓ ｌａteｒ, he madｅ Gｅoｒｇe W. Bush the pｒｅsidenｔ.
9７ Ｓｔepheｎ ＦoｓｔｅrﻫＡmｅｒicａ’ｓ firsｔ gｒeａｔ ｓoｎgwriter, ｈｅ brｏught us “O! Suｓaｎna” aｎｄ “My Old Ｋentucky Home.”ﻫ
９8 Bｏｏｋer T. Wasｈingｔon
As an educator aｎd ａ ｃhampioｎ ｏf sｅlf－hｅｌｐ, ｈe ｔrｉeｄ tｏ ｌeａｄ ｂlａck Aｍeｒica up from slavｅry．
ﻫ99 Ｒichaｒｄ NixoｎﻫHｅ brｏkｅ the New Deaｌ mａｊority, ａnd ｔhen broke his preｓidenｃy on a scandal ｔhat stｉll hａｕnts Ａｍerica.
１0０ Hermaｎ MeｌｖiｌｌｅﻫMoby Dick was a flｏp at ｔhe time, but Ｍeｌvillｅ ｉs ｒｅmｅmbeｒed aｓ the Ａmｅriｃan Shakeｓpeａre
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