早教英文课程PPT课件.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,*,*,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2011,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2011,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,*,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Copyright Allyn&Bacon 2011,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,*,*,The study of childrens development,.,Questions,(put your name at the top),1.From your own experience,do you think that development is continuous,discontinuous,or both?Give one or more examples to illustrate your thinking.,2.In your view,when people change or develop this is mostly as a result of:,-experiences they have,-their genetic makeup and underlying biological changes,-a combination of experience and biological factors,Give an example of a change in your own development that demonstrates what you think.,.,Domains of Development,Domain,Changes in,Physical,Body size&proportions,appearance,Functioning of body systems,health,Perceptual&motor capacities,Cognitive,Intellectual abilities,Language,Emotional and Social,Emotional communication,Self-understanding,knowledge about others,Interpersonal skills&relationships,Moral reasoning&behavior,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Periods of Development,Prenatal,Conception to birth,Infancy and Toddlerhood,Birth to 2 years,Early Childhood,2 to 6 years,Middle Childhood,6 to 11 years,Adolescence,11 to 18 years,Emerging Adulthood,18 to 25 years,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Theory,An orderly,integrated set of statements that,describes behavior.,explains behavior.,predicts behavior.,Photodisc,Education 2 Royalty Free,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Basic Issues in Development,Continuous or discontinuous?,One course of development or many possible courses?,Relative influence of nature and nurture?,Figure 1.1,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Continuous or Discontinuous Development,Figure 1.2,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Nature and Nurture,Nature(Biology&genetics),Inborn,biologic givens,Based on genetic inheritance,Nurture(Experience),Physical and social world,Influences biological and psychological development,Stuart Monk,|,D,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Stability vs.Plasticity?,Stability,Individuals high or low in a characteristic remain so at later ages.,Early experience may a have lifelong impact.,Plasticity,Change is possible,based on,experiences,.,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Resilient Children,Personal characteristics,A warm parental relationship,Social support outside the immediate family,Community resources and opportunities,Ami Beyer,|,D,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Eating Dinner Together Can Make a Difference,Figure 2.8,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Historical Views of Childhood,Medieval Era,Childhood(to age 7 or 8)regarded as separate phase with special needs,protections,16th Century,Puritan“child depravity”views,17th Century,John Locke“tabula rasa”or“blank slate”view;continuous development,18th Century,Jean-Jacques Rousseau“noble savages”view;natural maturation,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Early Scientific Studyof Development,Evolutionary Theory,Darwins ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest are still influential.,Normative Approach,Hall&Gesell:Age-related averages based on measurements of large numbers of children,Mental Testing Movement,Binet&Simon:Early developers of intelligence tests,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Freuds Three Parts of the Personality,Id,Largest portion of the mind,Unconscious,present at birth,Source of biological needs&desires,Ego,Conscious,rational part of mind,Emerges in early infancy,Redirects id impulses acceptably,Superego,The conscience,Develops from ages 3 to 6,from interactions with caregivers,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Eriksons Psychosocial Stages,Basic trust v.mistrust,Birth1 year,Identity v.role confusion,Adolescence,Autonomy v.shame and doubt,13 years,Intimacy v.isolation,Emerging adulthood,Initiative v.guilt,36 years,Generativity v.stagnation,Adulthood,Industry v.inferiority,611 years,Integrity v.despair,Old age,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Behaviorism&Social Learning,Classical Conditioning,Stimulus Response,Operant Conditioning,Reinforcers&punishments,Social-Cognitive Approach,Modeling,Self-efficacy,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Stages of Cognitive Development,Table 1.2,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory,Transmission of,culture,to new generation,Beliefs,customs,skills,Social interaction,vital for cognitive development,Cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society,Family Life Royalty Free,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Ecological Systems Theory,Figure 1.4,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Dynamic Systems Perspective,Figure 1.5,.,Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,Inc.All Rights Reserved.,Questions?,.,.,.,