湖北省武汉市东西湖区华中师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题.docx

湖北省武汉市东西湖区华中师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Best U. S. National Parks for 2023
Today, 63 national parks in the U. S. draw millions of visitors a year to witness jaw-dropping natural wonders. To determine the best national parks, we considered the opinions of both travel experts and recent visitors. Do you have a favorite park? Cast your vote below.
#1 Glacier National Park
Glacier National Park is called the “Crown of the Continent” for its breathtaking beauty. A favorite spot among hikers, it features a variety of trails for all levels, ranging from the easy Trail of the Cedars to the challenging Grinnell Glacier. Besides, the park boasts numerous lakes and two mountain ranges, sheltering a variety of wildlife.
#2 Grand Canyon National Park
Measuring approximately 277 river miles in length, up to 18 miles wide and a mile deep, this canyon is truly a natural wonder. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Grand Canyon always leaves its visitors impressed. But if you’re seeking an escape to Mother Nature, be prepared: The Grand Canyon can be very crowded.
#3 Yellowstone National Park
With dramatic peaks and pure lakes, Yellowstone National Park is an outdoor enthusiast’s paradise. Multicolored pools, hot springs, stretching meadows, and steaming geysers (间歇泉). While you cross its 3,000-plus square miles of mountains, geysers and waterfalls, be prepared to share the trails with residents like buffalo (水牛).
#4 Yosemite National Park
Enjoying extraordinary landscapes, Yosemite National Park features towering waterfalls, millennia-old sequoia trees (红杉树), striking cliffs and unique rock formations. Most tourist activities take place within the Yosemite Valley. Here you’ll find the park’s most famous landmarks—Half Dome and El Capitan—as well as excellent hiking trails.
1．What can you do in Yellowstone National Park?
A．Appreciate waterfalls. B．Join wildlife preservation.
C．Camp at mountain peaks. D．Swim in colorful pools.
2．Which park might appeal to wildlife enthusiasts?
A．Yosemite National Park and Glacier National Park.
B．Glacier National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
C．Yosemite National Park and Yellowstone National Park.
D．Grand Canyon National Park and Glacier National Park.
3．Where can you probably find this passage?
A．In a research paper. B．On a tourist website.
C．In an ecology journal. D．In an instruction book.

The lunch in the back room of a dull Moscow restaurant consisted of small bites of food and large shots of vodka. Musk had arrived that morning with Adeo Ressi and Jim Cantrell on their search to buy a used Russian rocket for their mission to Mars. After many toasts to friendship, the Russians gave the Americans gifts of vodka bottles with labels that had each person’s image. Musk, who was holding his head up with his hand, passed out, and his head slammed into the table.
That evening, slightly recovered, Musk and his companions met with another group in Moscow selling used missiles. That encounter turned out to be equally odd. The Russian in charge was missing a front tooth, so whenever he spoke loudly, which was often, spit would fly out in Musk’s direction. At one point, when Musk started his talk about the need to make humans multiplanetary (多行星), Cantrell recalls, the Russian spit at them. “Did he just spit on us?” Musk asked, eyes wide open. “Yeah, he did,” Cantrell answered. “I think it’s a sign of disrespect.”
Despite the clown show, Musk and Cantrell decided to return to Russia in early 2002. Ressi didn’t come, but Justine did. This time Musk focused on buying two Dnepr rockets, which were old missiles. The more he negotiated, the higher the price went. He finally thought he had a deal to pay $18 million for two Dneprs. But then they said no, it was $18 million for each. “That’s insane!” he says. The Russians then suggested maybe it would be $21 million each. “They taunted him,” Cantrell recalls. “They said, ‘Oh, little boy, you don’t have the money?’”
It was fortunate that the meetings went badly. It drove Musk to think bigger. Rather than merely using a secondhand rocket to put a demonstration greenhouse on Mars, he would attempt one of the most audacious (大胆的) projects of our times: privately building rockets that could launch satellites and then humans into orbit and eventually send them to Mars and beyond.
4．What happened during the lunch in the Moscow restaurant?
A．Musk got seriously drunk. B．Musk bought a used rocket.
C．Musk was hit on the head. D．Musk made lots of friends.
5．How did Musk react when the Russian spat at him?
A．Embarrassed. B．Shocked. C．Anxious. D．Ashamed.
6．What does the underlined word “taunt” mean?
A．Try to annoy. B．Try to inspire. C．Try to amuse. D．Try to disappoint.
7．What lesson can you learn from this passage?
A．Money can’t buy everything. B．Constant dripping wears away a stone.
C．Repetition plays a critical role in success. D．Frustration can sometimes be a stepping stone.

This past year an issue has been bothering me. It’s the way scientists talk.
This is not a new concern. Many years ago science writer Susan Hassol and atmospheric scientist Richard Somerville wrote a humorous but serious piece about how the terms that climate scientists use mean one thing to them but often something very different to others. In the climate system, for example, “positive feedback” refers to amplifying (放大) feedback loops (循环), such as the ice-albedo feedback. (“Albedo,” basically means “reflectivity.”)The loop develops when global warming causes Arctic ice to melt, exposing water that is darker and reflects less of the sun’s warming rays, which leads to more warming, which leads to more melting ... and so on. In the climate system, this positive feedback is a bad thing. But for most, it brings to mind comforting images, such as receiving praise from your boss.
Hassol and Somerville call this “speaking in code.” Codes, of course, are not intended for outsiders, but some scientific language is mysterious even to many insiders.
Studies show that strange terms, in fact, confuse people and make them feel excluded (排除在外的). One study showed that even when participants were given definitions for the terms being used, materials full of technical terms made them less likely to identify with the scientific community and decreased their overall interest in the subject. In plain words: terms turn people off.
Of course, technical terms used in regulatory contexts may be hard to change for legal reasons. But if scientists could explain in a more accessible way, it would help us understand their claims and better appreciate their work.
8．What has bothered the author recently?
A．The latest scientific research. B．The manner scientists behave.
C．The speeches delivered by scientists. D．The terms employed by scientists.
9．What leads to the development of the loop in “ice-albedo feedback”?
A．Changeable temperature. B．Lower reflectivity of water.
C．The expansion of Arctic ice. D．The decrease in the sun’s warming rays.
10．Why do Hassol and Somerville describe scientific language as “code”?
A．Because it is intended for daily use. B．Because only experts can understand it.
C．Because it rarely gets across to outsiders. D．Because they want to make the language mysterious.
11．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Scientists: Please Speak Plainly B．Insiders: Be Friendly to the Public
C．Turn People off with Technical Terms D．Get More Engaged in the Scientific World

The attendance of accident and emergency department(A&E) is variable. We used to joke that Monday was the busiest day of the week. But some people argued that Sunday, and even Tuesday, were also very busy.
In the business sector, it is well known that Monday has an effect on trading volume: Monday has a lower volume than other weekdays. In the medical field, Watson mentioned that more people had heart attacks on Monday morning — the so-called “Black Monday Syndrome”. In fact, “Monday Syndrome” is variably defined in the literature to mean different things to different people: from occupational disease to increase in injury, etc. When these effects are grouped together and viewed from the macroscopic (宏观的) perspective, it could translate into an increase in demand of the healthcare service on Monday. If it can be shown that this pattern of service demand is reproducible in our local setting, then measures can be taken to redistribute resources to appeal to the uneven demand during the week.
The present study employed existing data obtained from the computer system of the A&amp;E department of a regional hospital with a daily attendance of about 300 per day. The daily attendance from April to June 2010 was grouped in days of the week, in order to find out whether the attendance on Monday was different from the rest of the week. Main measuring variables were the mean (平均的) attendance data of different days of the week. Standard deviation (偏差) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the means were calculated and compared. Lastly, mean attendance of Monday was compared to that of non-Mondays. Careful inspection of the data showed that Monday was the busiest day of the week (Figure 1) — it had significantly higher attendance than Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday (p<0.05). Monday was also busier than Tuesday, although this is statistically unconvincing.
For Q2 2010, Monday has 12% more attendance than other weekdays. Administrative measures to limit the “predictable” service demand should be taken to avoid overcrowding and long waiting-time on Monday.

Figure 1. Mean attendance Monday through Sunday (Q2 2010), with 95% CI (Attendance of Monday is different from that of Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday at the 0.05 level).
12．What most probably happens on Monday according to paragraph 2?
A．Jane has classes energetically. B．Sean earns a substantial sum of money.
C．Dr. Mike bursts out infectious laughter. D．Our English Teacher gets a sore throat.
13．What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．The second quarter data of 2010 was used.
B．The daily attendance was generated nationwide.
C．It was computer scientists that provided the data.
D．Monday and Tuesday attendances differed significantly.
14．What is the writer’s purpose of using the graph?
A．To clarify a concept. B．To compare statistics.
C．To stir up a debate. D．To introduce a research method.
15．How is the research conducted?
A．By doing experiments. B．By making questionnaires.
C．By interviewing the subjects of the study. D．By employing statistical and mathematical models.

When faced with change, most people go down one of two roads: They either respond or react. 16 Reacting, on the other hand, literally means to meet one action with another. It’s instant. Responding creates more space between an event and what you do about it. In that space, you give immediate emotions room to breathe and you gain a better understanding of what is happening. Consequently, you rarely regret responding. 17
There is plenty you can do internally to cultivate responsiveness. For instance, “affect labeling”, or naming your emotions, helps create space between you and a difficult situation. Meditation (冥想) is also beneficial. 18 You can do all the affect labeling and meditation in the world. Yet if you regularly inhabit reactive environments, it’s hard not to become more reactive.
19 When I spend too much time on social media, I’m more likely to roar at my children, feel restless, and my competence in thinking deeply worsens significantly. Yet I’m becoming increasingly concerned that it’s not just me, but our entire culture that is making us more reactive at a time when we need our humanity more than ever.
20 But distinctly naming the problem is an important first step. We can also reduce reactivity by intentionally creating more responsive environments. We can read print books instead of digital versions. We can go to the gym or take walks without phones. If we desire to navigate our challenging times, we must find ways to preserve the space between stimulus (刺激) and response, which is to say we must find ways to preserve our humanity.
A．But the external matters too.
B．But you often regret reacting.
C．I’ve experienced this firsthand.
D．There are no silver bullet solutions.
E．I have figured out how to deal with this.
F．On the one hand, reacting is crucial for our humanity.
G．Responding, related to responsibility, is considerate.

二、完形填空
Harland “Colonel” Sanders was born in 1890. He was left to be the only 21 of the house at a young age when his father died, leaving him with a mother and two younger sisters.
By the age of 7, he had started 22 and soon after, he was working several odd jobs.
At the age of 40, he had 23 the perfect fried chicken recipe and had even opened a restaurant to 24 the high demand for his food. As he was perfecting his chicken, he was 25 by a pressure cooker (压力锅) salesman who 26 Sanders to invest in his product to help speed along his cooking process. Sanders 27 buying 12 pressure cookers, and then he was ready to sell a lot of chicken.
At the age of 60, Colonel Sanders decided to 28 , but because he was not content with 29 of his $105 social security checks, he decided to franchise (给予特许经销权) his chicken.
He started traveling to different restaurants, cooking his fried chicken at the spot for restaurant owners. If the owners liked the chicken, they would be sold the 30 . However, Colonel Sanders got 31 1,009 times before he made his first sale.
32 , Colonel Sanders had 600 franchises selling his 33 trademark chicken. In 1976, the Colonel was 34 as the world’s second most 35 celebrity.
21．A．man B．son C．orphan D．child
22．A．selling B．learning C．cooking D．experimenting
23．A．mastered B．adjusted C．adopted D．bought
24．A．expand B．service C．require D．generate
25．A．cheated B．perceived C．inquired D．approached
26．A．educated B．commanded C．convinced D．promised
27．A．appealed to B．ended up C．subscribed to D．committed to
28．A．escape B．advance C．retire D．challenge
29．A．living off B．leaving out C．settling down D．carrying on
30．A．store B．label C．concept D．recipe
31．A．detected B．defeated C．assessed D．rejected
32．A．Potentially B．Ultimately C．Substantially D．Entirely
33．A．fortune B．unique C．diverse D．identical
34．A．linked B．praised C．ranked D．posed
35．A．generous B．stubborn C．reserved D．recognizable

三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Comfortably numb, Sichuan peppers can do the surprising thing to you.
From its English name, obviously the pepper is essential to the deliciously complex cuisine of Sichuan. The pepper, together with dried chillies, 36 (form) the flavour known as mala, a term 37 (comprise) of the