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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,第1页,小作文（应用型文体）,第2页,应用文考试由来,雅思索试动态,3,第3页,应用文评分侧重点,信息点覆盖,内容组织,语言准确性,格式,语域恰当,注：对语法结构和词汇多样性要求将依据详细试题做调整。允许在作文中使用提醒语中出现关键词，但使用提醒语中出现过词组或句子将被扣分,4,第4页,应用文写作:信件,道歉信:,提议信(含投诉信):,请求信(含咨询信):,辞职信:,感激信,求职信,邀请信,第5页,应用文考查范围,6,投诉信,提议信,申请信,求职信,辞职信,求学信,求援信,感激信,号召信,邀请信,道歉信,协议,摘要,简历,备忘录,寻物启事,招领启事,第6页,应用文格式,注意几个方面:,署名不要忘,不要忘记Your Sincerely或者Yours,开头Dear Sir/Madam,信封不予考虑,7,第7页,正规英文信笺组成,(商务英语写作),正规英文信笺普通由7部分组成，即一封完整英文信件普通包含以下几部分：,信头（heading 或return address）,信内地址(inside address),日期(date),称呼(salutation),正文(body),结束语(complementary close),署名(signature),第8页,应用文六句口诀,1 开门见山说意图，,2 信息关键点覆盖到，,3 举一反三讲细节，,4 语言正式词多变，,5 感激客气不能少，,6 期待回信成老套。,注意：首段表明写作目标，中间段扩展内容，注意读信人感受，末段表明礼貌，并说出自己期望。,9,第9页,1）称呼和结束礼词,称呼写法遵照以下标准：,Dear Sir or Madam,写给某企业，不确定详细收信人,Dear Sir,对男士，不过不知道详细姓名,Dear Madam,对女士，不过不知道详细姓名,Dear Mr Smith,对男士,Dear Ms Smith,对已婚或未婚女士,Dear Mrs Smith,对已婚女士,Dear Miss Smith,对未婚女士,Dear John,对朋友或你比较熟悉人（通常为多年生意搭档）,第10页,称呼与结尾敬辞存在对应关系，请同学们尤其注意：,Dear Sir or Madam,Yours faithfully,Dear Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss Smith,Yours sincerely,Dear John,第一个字母大写，末尾加逗号。,Best wishes,第11页,2）日期：,英式英语中，日月年,美式英语中，月日年。,所以一些尤其时期轻易引发误解。,比如：12 06,记住月份使用大些字母开头。天后无须写th、rd、nd或者st。,第12页,请注意！,1）称呼语,Mr用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前,Mr复数形式Messrs.对普通以人名为名称企业和企业惯用这种称呼，比如：Messrs BlackandBrothers布莱克弟兄企业。,Mrs用在已婚女子丈夫姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，普通不用在名字前.,2）称呼语与结尾敬辞关系（正式程度）,Mr/Mrs/Ms Green-Yours faithfully/sincerely,Dear Tom-Yours/best regards/best wishes,3）九月份缩写：Sept.,第13页,称呼,收信人称呼用语独占一行，从信纸左边顶格写起。不论写给谁，第一个单词都是Dear，其后可依据详细情况选择不一样称呼。普通来说，书信写作能够分为两类情况，所以称呼语也对应地分为两种情况。第一类书信是写给某个团体、组织或机构。这类书信在称呼上又分为两种情况，一个情况是题目设置场景表明写信人并不认识该团体、组织或机构责任人，称呼语就能够直接写Dear Sir or Madam或,To whom it may concern,不过一定要注意，不要省略Madam一词，因为在写信时并不知道该责任人是男性还是女性，这种称呼语就显得考虑周全，其交际功效就愈加完整。,第14页,另外一个情况是题目设置场景表明写信人有可能知道该团体、组织或机构责任人。这时就应该直接写收信人姓名，但此时书信属于正式文体，所以称呼也应该很正式，要写先生女士教授等，要称其姓和名或只称姓，不能只称其名。,第15页,第二类书信是写给个人，其中也包含两种情况。一是写信人认识收信人，但与其关系不是很亲密，比如说你是一名学生，有一门课学习难度大，要你写封信给系主任请求换一门课程，这时就不可能写Dear Sir or Madam，这是不合情理，你作为系里学生是不可能不知道系主任姓名，而从系主任角度来看，假如系里学生不知道他姓名甚至不知道他终究是男是女，从交际功效而言这封信一定是失败。同时这还是一封比较正式信.所以称呼语就应该是：Dear Pro.。,第16页,另外一个信是写给朋友，写信人与收信人关系较为亲密，假如使用Dear John Smith这种称呼也是不合乎情理，这时就应该直呼其名，比如Dear Mary或者Dear John，不应再称全名或只称其姓。,还应注意是，称呼后面标点符号千万不要忘记，英国人习惯用逗号（，），而美国人则喜欢用冒号（：）。,第17页,正文,正文应该在称呼以下隔一至两行开始写。正文组成信主体，其内容格调因信件类型不一样而各异。总来说，这部分有三方面组成。,A导言。在该段里，要交代写信目标或原因或表示谢意。语言要简练明了。普通一两句话便使读者明白作者写信目标。,B主要内容部分。普通由两段或三段组成。在这一部分，作者要叙述主要事实，如介绍背景情况，表示思想感情，提出处理方案等。叙述时要注意语言逻辑性。尤其在埋怨或批评信中，作者表示态度时既要表明立场又要有礼貌，防止使用过激语言。,C收尾。收尾取决于信详细类型，应简明扼要。,第18页,结束语（落款）,书信写作中正文后面紧接着就是结束语。最惯用结束语是yours sincerely，结束语开头第一个单词首字母要大写，句末能够有一个逗号，也能够不写，两种方式都能够。结束语表示法从严格意义上讲有许各种，而yours sincerely这种结束语方式适合用于各种关系人之间，既能够是朋友之间，也能够是上下级，还能够是素不相识等等。需要注意是，普通以“Dear Sir”等称呼，结束语就要用“Your faithfully”；而以“Dear+人名”等称呼，如“Dear Mr.Mills”，结束语用“Yours sincerely”。,惯用结束语：,1.写给师长，可选取：,Yours respectfully,Respectfully yours,第19页,2.不太正式或不正式，写给亲朋挚友，可选取：,Yours,Yours ever,Affectionately,Warm regards.,Best regards,Lots of love，,All the best,Thank you,第20页,署名,在结束语下面应是写信人署名，是英语写作中必不可少一个步骤。结束语姓名格式应与称呼相对应。写给团体机构信，结束语就应该是全名，因为在信开头，称呼语使用全名或Dear Sir or Madam已表明这封信属于正式文体，结束语处就不能用John或Mary这种形式，必须写John Smith或Mary White，但在写给朋友信中，前面称呼是Jack，那么后面结束语就应该是对应Bob等。这种常识性东西最能反应出一个人写作涵养。,第21页,Assignment,Write your letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on answer sheet 2.,You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Write a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.,Dont sign your own name.Li Ming instead.,Dont write the address.,第22页,应用文分类讲解,23,第23页,咨询信,在人们生活中经常会有一些不明白、不清楚而需要问询和咨询事情，如：入学手续、打工薪水、参加组织、借用设施等。问询信主要目标是寻求所需信息。所以，首先要说明写信目标、介绍背景、问询详情，最终要表示谢意，期盼回复。,第24页,基本结构是：,1）简述题目场景，,表明写作目标,，说明写这封信目标是,要寻求什么样信息,。写问询信时，注意,礼貌标准,，而且只能就收信人能够提供信息进行问询。,2）,问询详细问题,。假如某个问题较为主要，能够单独占一个段落。,3）表明获取信息急迫心情，,期盼回复,，并提供联络方法方便收信人与你联络，对收信人能提供信息,表示感激,，表达礼貌标准。,第25页,咨询信中还应尤其注意句式标准，在问询问题时所使用疑问句应该与口语中惯用疑问句式有显著不一样，应使用“Would you please tell me .”之类正式疑问句式。,第26页,Dear Sir,I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town.This visit will be part of our schools social survey project.I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information.,First of all,what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held,and what are the daily opening hours?Secondly,what is the size of the exhibition,what is its theme and what objects are on display?Thirdly,are there any other activities being held in connection with the exhibition?,I would also like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for how much is the discount and what is the minimum number of students necessary to qualify for it?,I look forward to your reply.,Yours sincerely,Li Ming,第27页,咨询信开头惯用句式和套话,I am writing for information about.,I would like to receive information regarding.,I am writing to ask if you could possibly.,I would be grateful if you would.,I would like to request materials for,I would be most grateful if you could send me information regarding/concerning.,I wonder if you could.,I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding.,第28页,咨询信结尾惯用句式和套话,I am expecting your early reply.,Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.I am looking forward to hearing from you.,Thank you for your consideration.,I look forward to your immediate response.,第29页,咨询信开头惯用句式和套话,I am writing for information about.,I would like to receive information regarding.,I am writing to ask if you could possibly.,I would be grateful if you would.,I would like to request materials for,I would be most grateful if you could send me information regarding/concerning.,I wonder if you could.,I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding.,第30页,咨询信结尾惯用句式和套话,I am expecting your early reply.,Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.I am looking forward to hearing from you.,Thank you for your consideration.,I look forward to your immediate response.,第31页,To whom it may concern,I wish to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Having conceived such a plan for a long period,I write this letter to request your help to recommend a candidate.,给相关人士：,我很想为希望工程做些贡献，为边远地域儿童提供经济援助。在考虑此计划很长时间后，我写信请求你们帮助，希望为我推荐人选。,第32页,I wonder if it is convenient for you if two things concerning the child are taken into consideration.First,the child should come from Guizhou Province because I intend to help a child from my hometown.Second,it will be better if the child is a primary school student.Actually,I am good at teaching mathematics on elementary level.,请考虑与此儿童相关两点情况，不知是否方便。首先，我想帮助自己故乡儿童，所以他应该是贵州人；第二，假如他是个小学生就更加好了。实际上，我很擅长教授基础数学。,第33页,My plan will be carried out as follows.First,I will remit at least 300 yuan in cash every month so as to reduce the financial burden of the family.More importantly,I decide to teach the child mathes and English in person during my summer vacation,which will surely be more beneficial to the child.,我将按下面方法来实施我计划。第一，我每个月汇出最少300元现金，方便减轻该儿童家庭经济负担。更主要是，我决定在暑假中亲自教这个孩子数学和英语，这么必定对孩子更有益处。,第34页,I really appreciate your help,and I look forward to your reply as soon as possible.,我非常感激你们帮助，希望尽快收到你们回信。,Yours sincerely,Li Ming,第35页,第36页,第37页,第38页,第39页,第40页,第41页,第42页,投诉信,投诉信又可称为埋怨信，其主要目标是表示写信人对于某一情况不满。,You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting.He/she has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you.,Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term.You would prefer a single room.Explain your reasons.,43,第43页,写作策略,（在未给出提要前提下）,首段：,说明与收信人相关性，,表明写作意图,而且在尽可能情况下做到客观礼貌给读信人留下好印象，而且一直切记读信人未必就是错误责任人，他合作对问题处理至关主要。,主题段落：,写明,投诉原因,，,要展开说明,，能够说详细理由也能够说问题详细表达方式。,结尾段：,提出处理方案,，不需要展开但要公平、公正。此段应表达书信,礼貌,标准，应该有类似“如你能，我将万分感激”话语，这也是投诉信最能表达礼貌标准地方。,44,第44页,投诉信开头惯用句式和套话,I am writing to complain about/that,I am writing to make a complaint about,I an writing to express my concern/dissatisfaction/disappointment about,I feel bad/sorry to trouble you but I am afraid I have to make a complaint about,I am most reluctant to complain,but,I am writhing to advise you that I findunsatisfactory.,I wish to draw your attention to the problem/faultthat I bought,45,第45页,投诉信结尾惯用句式和套话,I trust you will take my complains seriously and,I will appreciate it very much if you could,I would be perfectly satisfied if you can kindly,I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.,I would like to have this matter settled by the end of,I would be grateful if you could,I would appreciate it if you could,46,第46页,范文解析,Dear Sir or Madam:,I am writing to inform you,that I wish to move into a new room,next term.I would prefer a single room,as I find the present sharing,arrangement inconvenient.,I must explain that the reason,for my dissatisfaction is my,roommates inconsiderate behavior.,For one thing,his friends are,constantly visiting him;,for another,he regularly holds noisy parties,.In,addition,he sometimes borrows my things without asking me.,In these,circumstances,I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies,and I am,falling behind in my assignments.,I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into,a room of my own,where I will be free from such distractions.,Therefore,I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me,preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus,as possible.,Yours sincerely,Janice Kennedy,47,第47页,第48页,第49页,第50页,道歉信,道歉信目标是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方对自己某种过失表示谅解。,写作策略：,首段：,表明写作意图,，对某事,表示歉意,。,主体段落：,说明道歉详细原因,，应展开。在主体段落中，写信人应该在申述理由时,照料读信人感受,，切忌强词夺理。,结尾段：,再次表明歉意,，请求收信人谅解。在结尾段还能够提议对自己过失采取何种,补救办法,。,51,第51页,道歉信中开头惯用句式和套话,I am writing this letter to express my regret,I am writing to apologize for,I would like to give you my apology for,I am very sorry to say that,I must apologize about(not)doing sth,Please accept my sincere apology for,I am writing to say sorry for,I am terribly sorry,but,52,第52页,道歉信中结尾段惯用句式和套话,Once again,I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.,Please allow me to say sorry again.,Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.,I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.,I want to let you know how regretful I am feeling now.,I am sorry that I cantand trust that you will be able to understand.,53,第53页,例题分析,假设你是一个学校学生,将图书馆中一本书弄坏了,请给图书管理员写一封信,说明问题并请求原谅.,题目分析：,第一段,第二段,第三段,54,第54页,第一段,55,表明写作目标（你是谁，给谁写，关于什么？）,Dear Sir or Madam:,I am writing here formally to apologize for the damage done to the book,borrowed last week and due to be returned next week.,第55页,第二段,56,写什么？,书破坏程度or 书被损坏过程,怎么搞坏？,借给同学，同学弄坏,水洒了,太投入，把书撕了,太,I have always been cherishing the book as treasures.However,I have a cat accompany me,who often jumps up and down to please me while I am reading.Yesterday,it happened to knock over the cup and out spoiled the coffee.Unfortunately,four pages of the book were stained.,第56页,第三段处理方法,As the only friend and roommate in the house,I cannot punish her but myself.,I have contacted the publishing house to order a new one.,If not possible,I am ready for any reasonablepenalty.,Sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.,Sincerely yours,LiMing,57,第57页,第58页,第59页,辞职信,Directions:,Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine,Designs&Fashions,.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.,Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points),60,第60页,怎样构思,第一段：表明写作目标,第二段：表明辞职原因,第三段：再次表明歉意,结论：辞职信是道歉信变体,61,第61页,辞职原因？,62,继续求学考研,要出国,以为自己力不从心,找到更加好工作,待遇太低,同事关系企业文化不好,距离太远,父母需要照料,迁居,第62页,优异范文赏析,Youve just been offered a job,but you will not be able to start work on the appointed day.Write a letter to your boss explaining the problem and asking for an alternative day to start work.,63,第63页,64,Dear Sir or Madam:,I have applied for a position under your supervision and have been offered one a couple of weeks ago and due to start my work next week,.However,I am writing here formally to request a delay of my start working day.,第64页,The reason for changing my working plan,is about my wife,who is going to give birth of my first child next week in my hometown.My wife and I are both nervous and somewhat excited for this big event.As a husband and will-be-father,I think,I must go back and stay with my wife and wait for my first child coming to the world.I can not stand the worry and anxiety caused by the whole matter,so I have to decide to change my working schedule.,65,第65页,I am sorry for any inconveniences,I have caused by this change in plan and I promise to start my work three weeks later.I do appreciate your kind consideration you have shown to me.,66,第66页,第67页,第68页,提议信07年考研真题,Directions:,Write a letter to your university library,making suggestions for improving its service.,You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.,Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.,Do not write the address.(10 points),69,第69页,提议信构思,第一段：表明写作意图提提议,第二段：阐述提议，内容及原因,第三段：期待采纳，期待回复,第70页,第71页,第72页,第73页,Dear Sir or Madam:,I,as a senior student of the university,am writing here to provide some advice,to improve the service in the library.,I can find no better suggestions other than the following two.To begin with,why not provide heater during winter time?It is always so cold in the library that many students catch cold when studying there.,74,第74页,Besides,please pay more attention to the order at the reading room.So many disturbances such as talking aloud,mobile phone rings and the like make us difficult to concentrate on study.Under these circumstances,I find that I am falling behind on my studies.,It will be grateful if you could take my suggestions seriously.I am looking forward to your early reply.,Your sincerely,Li Ming,75,第75页,07年考了一次,第76页,第77页,求职信,求职信是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。考试中，考生在写求职信时应该在注意礼貌同时，注意信息可信度。尤其是在强调本身经历和优点时候，更应把握尺度。,78,第78页,写作策略,首段：,说明写作意图,。介绍自己是谁，为何写信，从何处得知消息（对企业评定广告效应非常主要）。,主体段落：,介绍相关工作经历及本人个性,，以表明你能够胜任这个职位。,尾段落：,表示感激和期待,。因为求职信是在请求他人考虑你申请，考虑给你机会，所以礼貌语气是必要，也是主要。,79,第79页,求职信开头段惯用句式和套话,I am writing in response to your advertisement in China Daily of June 8,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in Beijing Youth Thursday,Your advertised position of general manager assistant interests me,80,第80页,求职信开头段惯用句式和套话,I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress,I would like to apply for the vacancy of,I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of senior accountant you have advertised in,I write this letter to submit my application for,81,第81页,求职信结尾段惯用句式和套话,I have enclose
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