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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。不能作为科学依据。,作定语与状语分词,分词=现在分词(doing)+过去分词(done)。,主动形式,被动形式,普通式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,现在分词结构,过去分词只有普通式：done,分词否定形式是在分词前面加 not,1/24,经典错误,1.Entering the room,nothing strange was found.,2.Being a top student,the work was finished in a short time.,Entering the room,he,found nothing strange.,Being a top student,he,finished the work in a short time.,主语一致！,2/24,I.作定语现在分词,1.Do you know the,smiling,girl?,2.Who is the boy,standing over there,?,3.They lived in a house,facing the south,.,Do you know the girl,who is smiling,?,Who is the boy,that is standing over there,?,They lived in a house,that faced south,.,3/24,Your exam results are very disappointing.,Driving a fast car is exciting,although it is dangerous.,I think history is very interesting subject.,The girl sat by the window,listening to music.,Arriving at home,she heard the telephone rang.,1）现在分词普通是表示动作与谓语动词同时发生。现在分词有主动意义,4/24,2)现在分词完成式表示动作在谓语动词之前已完成。,Having finished his homework,Jim went to watch TV.,Having lived in the house for twenty years,she didnt want to move.,5/24,3）过去分词表示已经作过事，即物动词过去分词有被动意义。,the risen sun 升起了太阳,He is a retired worker 他是一位退休工人,USA is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。,I am interested in history.我对历史感兴趣。,6/24,I.作定语-,现在分词,4.The building,being built,will be our library.,The building,which is being built,will be our library,.,5.John,wearing a dirty coat,ran up to his mum.,John,who was wearing a dirty coat,ran up to his mum.,7/24,作定语-,过去分词,1.This is the coat,bought last year,.,2.Can you recognize the man,hurt in the accident,?,This is the coat,that was bought last year,.,Can you recognize the man,who was hurt in the accident,?,8/24,.作状语-,现在分词,1.（while)Reading the story,he nodded from time to time.(,时间,),On hearing the news,she began crying.,2.Not knowing his address,I cant send him this book.（,原因,）,Charles left France,preferring to give up his fortune,.,While he was reading the story,As soon as she heard the news,Because I dont know his address,because he preferred to give up his fortune.,9/24,作状语-,现在分词,3.Mary sat there,looking into space thinking,.（,伴随,）,I wrote her a letter,thanking for her kindness,.（,补充,）,4.He died,leaving his son a small fortune,.（,结果,）,She threw the cup to the ground,breaking it into pieces,.,5.,Working hard,you are sure to make it.（,条件,）,Turning left,you will find the school.,and looked into space thinking.,and thanked for her kindness.,and left his son a small fortune.,and,broke it into pieces.,If you work hard,If you turn left,10/24,作状语-,过去分词,1.The children,worn out,fell asleep at once.（原因）,2.,Heated,water changes into steam.（条件）,3.The prisoner was brought in,followed by two men,.,（伴随）,because they were worn out,If it is heated,and was followed by two men.,11/24,现在分词和过去分词,使用方法之异同,12/24,现在分词和过去分词使用方法异同从来是学习中难点和高考测试重点。众所周知，两种分词区分很多，但它们之间根本区分是：,过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；,而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。,这种根本区分详细表达在两种分词分别充当各种句子成份中。细述以下：,13/24,一、分词作定语,共同点：,分词作定语时，假如分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰名词之前；假如是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰名词之后，它作用相当于一个定语从句。,不一样点：,分词作定语时，被分词所修饰名词就是该分词逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示动作普通与句中谓语动词所表示动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示动作普通发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,14/24,1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.,A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed,简析：首先，依据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰 noise 分词短语；再依据句意“一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。”可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后。所以，该题应,选B,。,2.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.,A.first playing B.to be first played,C.first played D.to be playing,简析：首先，依据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 后置分词短语；再依据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。所以，该题应,选C,。,3.Whats the language _ in Germany?,A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak,简析：该题应,选B,。测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken,15/24,4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.,A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting,简析：该题应,选A,。测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动，等于定语从句 who were invited,5.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.,A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited,简析：该题应,选A,。测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动，等于定语从句who were invited,6.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.,A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened,简析：该题应,选D,。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰名词后，能够用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替,7.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.,A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written,简析：该题应,选D,。测试过去分词作后置定语表示被动，等于定语从句which were written,16/24,二、分词作表语,共同点：,分词作表语时，它起着形容词作用。,不一样点：,分词作表语时，句子主语就是该分词逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示动作普通与句中谓语动词所表示动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示动作普通发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,17/24,1.This news sounds _.,A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage,简析：首先，依据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因为 sounds 在此句中用作连系动词；再依据 The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。所以，该题应,选A,。,2.-How did Bob do in the exams this time?,-Well,his father seems _ with his results.,A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please,简析：首先,依据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词;再依据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系,即这个结果使他父亲高兴;换言之,他父亲因为受到这个结果刺激而感到高兴。所以,该题应,选C,。,3.-How did the audience receive the new play?,-They got very _.,A.excite B.excited C.excitedly D.exciting,简析：该题应,选B,。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。,18/24,三、分词作宾语补足语,共同点：,分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子宾语起补充或说明作用。,不一样点：,分词作宾语补足语时，句子宾语就是该分词逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示动作普通与句中谓语动词所表示动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示动作普通发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,19/24,1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.,A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying,简析:首先,依据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语 the man;再依据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系,而且,lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。所以,该题应,选A,。,2.-Good morning.Can I help you?,-Id like to have the package _,madam.,A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed,简析:首先,依据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语 the package;再依据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说,只能是被动关系。所以，该题应,选D,。,20/24,3.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,A.sail B.sailing C.to sail D.to have sailed,简析:该题应,选B,。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词,Peter 是动名词逻辑主语。,4.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.,A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move,简析:该题应,选B,。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出动作。,21/24,四、分词作状语,共同点：,分词作状语时，普通在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。,不一样点：,分词作状语时，句子主语就是该分词逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示动作普通与句中谓语动词所表示动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示动作普通发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。,22/24,1.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.,A.making B.makes C.made D.to make,简析：首先，依据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再依据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎运动。所以，该题应,选A,。,2._ a reply,he decided to write again.,A.Not receiving B.Receiving not,C.Not having received D.Having not received,简析：该题应,选C,。测试非谓语动词否定式是在其前直接加 not。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语完成式。,3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.,A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added,简析：该题应,选C,。测试现在分词能够作补充说明状语。,23/24,4.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.,A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily,C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing,简析：该题应,选A,。测试现在分词作伴随状语，经过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。,另外，分词作状语时，假如其逻辑主语与整个句子主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替换。(此时，也可把该分词看成介词宾语补足语。),例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.,A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied,简析：很显然，待选部分逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子主语 The murderer,而 his hands 对于动词 tie 来说，只能是被动承受。所以，该题应,选D,。,24/24,
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