校园教室信息管理系统-大学毕业设计.doc

大连交通大学信息工程学院
毕业设计(论文)任务书

题 目 校园教室信息管理系统

任务及要求：
1.设计（研究）内容和要求
任务：
1、 调查基于校园教室信息管理系统，完成实习报告，字数不少于3000，第三周交给指导老师。
2、 结合自己实习情况安排进度，填写进度计划表，第二周完成后交给指导老师签字，并严格执行。
3、 按照软件工程思想，独立完成系统的设计和程序开发，完成代码估计2000行左右。
4、 用JAVA实现校园教室信息管理系统。
5、 程序简洁，算法可行，运行情况良好。

要求：
1、 每周和指导老师至少见面沟通一次，回报课题进展情况，接受老师询问。
2、 接到任务书后，查阅与题目及专业相关的外文资料进行翻译，要求不少于10000个外文字符，译出汉字不得少于3000，于第四周交给指导老师审阅。
3、 毕业设计第13周完成毕业论文的装订，并由指导老师评阅。论文要求12000字以上，包括综述、系统总体设计、系统实现、性能分析、结论等。
4、 教学第13周通过中软及教研室组织进行软件验收，验收时要提供软件使用说明书。
5、 于第13周提出毕业答辩申请并签字。
6、 第14 周答辩，要求制作PPT

2.原始依据
通过大学几年的学习，已经学习了诸如软件工程、数据库原理及应用、数据结构、C++、Visual Basic、JAVA等多门程序设计语言和网络等基础知识和专业知识，学生有能力而且可以独立完成小中型项目的设计与开发。学校现有设备和环境可以提供给学生实习和上机，而且具有专业老师可以指导学生。

3.参考文献
[1] [美]Herbert Schidt著.Java参考大全.鄢爱兰译.清华大学出版社.2006
[2] Raymond Mcleod.Management Information Systems[M].Morgan Kaufmann.2009
[3] 陈国君等编著.Java2程序设计基础.北京.清华大学出版社．2006
[4] 郑莉，王行言，马素霞.Java语言程序设计.北京.清华大学出版社．2006
[5] 丁振凡主编.Java语言实用教程.北京.北京邮电大学出版社．2005
[6] 朱喜福等编.Java程序设计.北京.人民邮电出版社．2005
[7] 耿祥义，张跃平.Java2实用教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2006.8
[8] 钱雪忠. MySQL原理及应用实践指导[M].北京.北京邮电大学出版社．2005
[9] 达尔文.Java经典实例[M].北京.中国电力出版社．2009
[10] 布鲁诺.Java实时编程[M].北京.机械工业出版社．2010.1

指导教师签字：
教研室主任签字：
2012年3月26日
大连交通大学信息工程学院
毕业设计(论文)进度计划与考核表
学生姓名
单崇真
专业班级
软件工程08-1班
指导教师
袁振海
李孝贵
本课题其他人员
无
题　目
校园教室信息管理系统
日　期
计划完成内容
完成情况
指导老师检查签字
第1周
完成任务书、提交进度表

第2周
完成毕业设计封面及摘要、调研设计封面

第3周
完成调研报告、完成毕设外文翻译

第4周
系统需求分析阶段及系统总体设计阶段

第5周
系统详细设计阶段

第6周
系统实现阶段、完成论文初稿

第7周
完成系统编码实施

第8周
系统编码调试、提交论文初稿

第9周
完成系统编码调试、完善毕业论文

第10周
完成毕业设计论文编写及代码测试

第11周
完成最终毕业论文、准备毕业论文打印、装订

第12周
提交毕业论文及代码

第13周
提交毕业论文成果资料

第14周
毕业论文答辩

指导教师签字：　　　　　　　　　　　 　　2012年3月30日

注：“计划完成内容”由学生本人认真填写，其它由指导教师考核时填写。

大连交通大学信息工程学院
毕业设计(论文)外文翻译

学生姓名 单崇真 专业班级 软件工程08-1班
指导教师 袁振海 李孝贵 职 称 高工 助教
所在单位 信息科学系软件工程教研室
教研室主任 刘瑞杰

完成日期 2012 年 4 月 13 日
Java and the Internet

If Java is, in fact, yet another computer programming language, you may question why it is so important and why it is being promoted as a revolutionary step in computer programming. The answer isn’t immediately obvious if you’re coming from a traditional programming perspective. Although Java is very useful for solving traditional stand-alone programming problems, it is also important because it will solve programming problems on the World Wide Web.
1 Client-side programming
The Web’s initial server-browser design provided for interactive content, but the interactivity was completely provided by the server. The server produced static pages for the client browser, which would simply interpret and display them. Basic HTML contains simple mechanisms for data gathering: text-entry boxes, check boxes, radio boxes, lists and drop-down lists, as well as a button that can only be programmed to reset the data on the form or “submit” the data on the form back to the server. This submission passes through the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) provided on all Web servers. The text within the submission tells CGI what to do with it. The most common action is to run a program located on the server in a directory that’s typically called “cgi-bin.” (If you watch the address window at the top of your browser when you push a button on a Web page, you can sometimes see “cgi-bin” within all the gobbledygook there.) These programs can be written in most languages. Perl is a common choice because it is designed for text manipulation and is interpreted, so it can be installed on any server regardless of processor or operating system.
Many powerful Web sites today are built strictly on CGI, and you can in fact do nearly anything with it. However, Web sites built on CGI programs can rapidly become overly complicated to maintain, and there is also the problem of response time. The response of a CGI program depends on how much data must be sent, as well as the load on both the server and the Internet. (On top of this, starting a CGI program tends to be slow.) The initial designers of the Web did not foresee how rapidly this bandwidth would be exhausted for the kinds of applications people developed. For example, any sort of dynamic graphing is nearly impossible to perform with consistency because a GIF file must be created and moved from the server to the client for each version of the graph. And you’ve no doubt had direct experience with something as simple as validating the data on an input form. You press the submit button on a page; the data is shipped back to the server; the server starts a CGI program that discovers an error, formats an HTML page informing you of the error, and then sends the page back to you; you must then back up a page and try again. Not only is this slow, it’s inelegant.
The solution is client-side programming. Most machines that run Web browsers are powerful engines capable of doing vast work, and with the original static HTML approach they are sitting there, just idly waiting for the server to dish up the next page. Client-side programming means that the Web browser is harnessed to do whatever work it can, and the result for the user is a much speedier and more interactive experience at your Web site.
The problem with discussions of client-side programming is that they aren’t very different from discussions of programming in general. The parameters are almost the same, but the platform is different: a Web browser is like a limited operating system. In the end, you must still program, and this accounts for the dizzying array of problems and solutions produced by client-side programming. The rest of this section provides an overview of the issues and approaches in client-side programming.
2 Plug-ins
One of the most significant steps forward in client-side programming is the development of the plug-in. This is a way for a programmer to add new functionality to the browser by downloading a piece of code that plugs itself into the appropriate spot in the browser. It tells the browser “from now on you can perform this new activity.” (You need to download the plug-in only once.) Some fast and powerful behavior is added to browsers via plug-ins, but writing a plug-in is not a trivial task, and isn’t something you’d want to do as part of the process of building a particular site. The value of the plug-in for client-side programming is that it allows an expert programmer to develop a new language and add that language to a browser without the permission of the browser manufacturer. Thus, plug-ins provide a “back door” that allows the creation of new client-side programming languages (although not all languages are implemented as plug-ins).
3 Scripting languages
Plug-ins resulted in an explosion of scripting languages. With a scripting language you embed the source code for your client-side program directly into the HTML page, and the plug-in that interprets that language is automatically activated while the HTML page is being displayed. Scripting languages tend to be reasonably easy to understand and, because they are simply text that is part of an HTML page, they load very quickly as part of the single server hit required to procure that page. The trade-off is that your code is exposed for everyone to see (and steal). Generally, however, you aren’t doing amazingly sophisticated things with scripting languages so this is not too much of a hardship.
This points out that the scripting languages used inside Web browsers are really intended to solve specific types of problems, primarily the creation of richer and more interactive graphical user interfaces (GUIs). However, a scripting language might solve 80 percent of the problems encountered in client-side programming. Your problems might very well fit completely within that 80 percent, and since scripting languages can allow easier and faster development, you should probably consider a scripting language before looking at a more involved solution such as Java or ActiveX programming.
The most commonly discussed browser scripting languages are JavaScript (which has nothing to do with Java; it’s named that way just to grab some of Java’s marketing momentum), VBScript (which looks like Visual Basic), and Tcl/Tk, which comes from the popular cross-platform GUI-building language. There are others out there, and no doubt more in development.
JavaScript is probably the most commonly supported. It comes built into both Netscape Navigator and the Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE). In addition, there are probably more JavaScript books available than there are for the other browser languages, and some tools automatically create pages using JavaScript. However, if you’re already fluent in Visual Basic or Tcl/Tk, you’ll be more productive using those scripting languages rather than learning a new one. (You’ll have your hands full dealing with the Web issues already.)
4 Java
If a scripting language can solve 80 percent of the client-side programming problems, what about the other 20 percent—the “really hard stuff?” The most popular solution today is Java. Not only is it a powerful programming language built to be secure, cross-platform, and international, but Java is being continually extended to provide language features and libraries that elegantly handle problems that are difficult in traditional programming languages, such as multithreading, database access, network programming, and distributed computing. Java allows client-side programming via the applet.
An applet is a mini-program that will run only under a Web browser. The applet is downloaded automatically as part of a Web page (just as, for example, a graphic is automatically downloaded). When the applet is activated it executes a program. This is part of its beauty—it provides you with a way to automatically distribute the client software from the server at the time the user needs the client software, and no sooner. The user gets the latest version of the client software without fail and without difficult reinstallation. Because of the way Java is designed, the programmer needs to create only a single program, and that program automatically works with all computers that have browsers with built-in Java interpreters. (This safely includes the vast majority of machines.) Since Java is a full-fledged programming language, you can do as much work as possible on the client before and after making requests of the server. For example, you won’t need to send a request form across the Internet to discover that you’ve gotten a date or some other parameter wrong, and your client computer can quickly do the work of plotting data instead of waiting for the server to make a plot and ship a graphic image back to you. Not only do you get the immediate win of speed and responsiveness, but the general network traffic and load on servers can be reduced, preventing the entire Internet from slowing down.
One advantage a Java applet has over a scripted program is that it’s in compiled form, so the source code isn’t available to the client. On the other hand, a Java applet can be decompiled without too much trouble, but hiding your code is often not an important issue. Two other factors can be important. As you will see later in this book, a compiled Java applet can comprise many modules and take multiple server “hits” (accesses) to download. (In Java 1.1 and higher this is minimized by Java archives, called JAR files, that allow all the required modules to be packaged together and compressed for a single download.) A scripted program will just be integrated into the Web page as part of its text (and will generally be smaller and reduce server hits). This could be important to the responsiveness of your Web site. Another factor is the all-important learning curve. Regardless of what you’ve heard, Java is not a trivial language to learn. If you’re a Visual Basic programmer, moving to VBScript will be your fastest solution, and since it will probably solve most typical client/server problems you might be hard pressed to justify learning Java. If you’re experienced with a scripting language you will certainly benefit from looking at JavaScript or VBScript before committing to Java, since they might fit your needs handily and you’ll be more productive sooner.to run its applets withi
5 ActiveX
To some degree, the competitor to Java is Microsoft’s ActiveX, although it takes a completely different approach. ActiveX was originally a Windows-only solution, although it is now being developed via an independent consortium to become cross-platform. Effectively, ActiveX says “if your program connects to its environment just so, it can be dropped into a Web page and run under a browser that supports ActiveX.” (IE directly supports ActiveX and Netscape does so using a plug-in.) Thus, ActiveX does not constrain you to a particular language. If, for example, you’re already an experienced Windows programmer using a language such as C++, Visual Basic, or Borland’s Delphi, you can create ActiveX components with almost no changes to your programming knowledge. ActiveX also provides a path for the use of legacy code in your Web pages.
6 Security
Automatically downloading and running programs across the Internet can sound like a virus-builder’s dream. ActiveX especially brings up the thorny issue of security in client-side programming. If you click on a Web site, you might automatically download any number of things along with the HTML page: GIF files, script code, compiled Java code, and ActiveX components. Some of these are benign; GIF files can’t do any harm, and scripting languages are generally limited in what they can do. Java was also designed to run its applets within a “sandbox” of safety, which prevents it from writing to disk or accessing memory outside the sandbox.
ActiveX is at the opposite end of the spectrum. Programming with ActiveX is like programming Windows—you can do anything you want. So if you click on a page that downloads an ActiveX component, that component might cause damage to the files on your disk. Of course, programs that you load onto your computer that are not restricted to running inside a Web browser can do the same thing. Viruses downloaded from Bulletin-Board Systems (BBSs) have long been a problem, but the speed of the Internet amplifies the difficulty.
The solution seems to be “digital signatures,” whereby code is verified to show who the author is. This is based on the idea that a virus works because its creator can be anonymous, so if you remove the anonymity individuals will be forced to be responsible for their actions. This seems like a good plan because it allows programs to be much more functional, and I suspect it will eliminate malicious mischief. If, however, a program has an unintentional destructive bug it will still cause problems.
The Java approach is to prevent these problems from occurring,