MPA英语考试讲稿省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,MPA,英语考试讲义,主讲人：杜海宝,时间：,.9.18,第1页,MPA,英语介绍,考试性质：,管理类专业学位联考英语，即在职攻读硕士学位入学考试全国英语联考，是国务院学位办组织国家级选拔考试，其目标是为了客观、科学、公正、规范地测试考生语言知识和使用语言相关能力。又称“英语（二）”。,考试形式：,笔试,时间：,180,分钟,满分：,100,分,试卷组成：,试题册和答题卡。答题卡分为答题卡,1,和答题卡,2,。答题卡,1,英语知识利用和阅读了解部分答案；答题卡,2,英译汉和 写作部分答案。,试卷结构：,四部分，共,48,题，包含英语知识利用、阅读了解、英译汉和写作。,第2页,基础知识与应试指导,英语知识利用,阅读了解,英译汉,写作,第3页,英语知识利用,介绍,命题关键点,应试技巧,第4页,英语知识利用,介绍：,英语知识利用是指考生对英语语言知识，也就是语法结构和词汇知识实际利用。在一篇约为350词文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每小题所给4个选项中选出最正确答案，使补全后文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。分值分配为：20小题每小题0.5分，共10分。该部分测试目标完整地讲应包含：语法概念、词汇利用、以及篇章结构了解等综合能力。,第5页,英语知识利用,命题关键点：,1.语法知识利用能力,2.词汇知识利用能力,3.篇章结构把握能力,第6页,语法与词汇,考纲要求：,八个语法知识点和熟练掌握,5500,个左右惯用词汇以及相关惯用词组。,语法点：,名词、代词数和格组成及其使用方法；动词时态、语态组成及其使用方法；形容词与副词比较级和最高级组成及其使用方法；惯用连接词词义及其使用方法；非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）组成及其使用方法；虚拟语气组成及其使用方法；各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型结构及其使用方法；倒装句、插入语结构及其使用方法。,词汇：,考生应能依据详细语境、句子结构或上下文了解一些惯用词义。,第7页,与谓语动词相关语法点,谓语动词时态与语态,虚拟语气,主谓一致标准,第8页,谓语动词时态与语态,一、现在完成时,现在完成时表示过去开始一个动作或状态延续到现在。现在完成时表示动作为过去发生，强调过去事情对现在影响，强调是影响。通常连接时间状语有,already,for,since,so far,yet,just,twice,once,recently,up to now,in past years,ever,never,等，皆为不确定时间状语。,与普经过去时区分，可经过以下例子加以了解：,The lift has broken down.,（意味着我们现在不能使用电梯，或我们得爬楼梯，或不能抵达高层）,The lift broke down.,（过去发生一件事：电梯坏了）,第9页,一、现在完成时,例,1,China is an economic wonder.,43,Nicholas Lardy of the Brookings institution,a Washington D.C.-based think tank,“No country,44,its foreign trade as fast as China,over the last 20 years,”,43.A.As for B.As to C.Judging by,D,.According to,44,.,A,.has expanded B.did expand,C.does expand D.expands,第10页,一、现在完成时,惯用现在完成时句型：,（,1,）,This/It is the first/second time that,结构中从句部分，用现在完成时。,比如：,This is the first time that I have heard this,song.,It is the first time that I have visited the,city.,（,2,）,This is+,形容词最高级,+that,结构，,that,从句要用现在完成时。,比如：,This is the best book I have ever read.,第11页,谓语动词时态与语态,二、过去完成时,表示过去一个动作发生之前动作，即“过去过去”。普通都与从句连用，在前动作用过去完成时。过去完成时时间状语有,before,by+,过去时间状语，,until,when,after,as soon as,等。比如,:,(1),By the time he was twelve,Edison had begun to make a living by himeself.,(2)Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.,第12页,二、过去完成时,惯用过去完成时句型：,（,1,）,no sooner than,结构中主句要用过去完成时。,比如：,He had no sooner arrived than he was asked to leave again.,（,2,）,hardly(scarcely)when,结构中主句要用过去完成时。,比如：,We had hardly begun our walk when it,began to rain.,第13页,谓语动词时态与语态,三、未来完成时,将来完成时表示某事继续到未来某一时为止一直有状态，或者表示未来某一时或另一个未来动作之前，已经完成动作或取得经验。未来完成时时间状语有,for,by+,未来时间等。比如：,They will have been married for 20 years by,then.,You will have reached Shanghai by this time,tomorrow.,第14页,谓语动词时态与语态,四、被动语态,英语中被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，在,cloze,挖空中若为谓语动词经常包括被动语态。普通说来，当强调动作承受者，无须说出执行者或含混不清执行者时，多用被动式。须注意是，许多地方与汉语不一样。注意那些汉语中没有“被,”,意思，英语却用被动语态。还要注意，英语被动语态往往由,by,引出。,第15页,四、被动语态,例,2,Today,we understand that the benefits of,electronic banking are far more,25,than just,reducing floating cash.The entire world of banking,26,revolutionized.It is not only more efficient and,faster,but also more global,25.,A,.extensive B.intensive C.profound,D.great,26,.A.is B.has,C,.has been D.had been,第16页,虚拟语气,一、条件从句虚拟语气,1,、组成形式：,条件从句谓语动词,主句谓语动词,与现在事实相反,were/,动词过去式,would/should/might/could+do,与过去事实相反,过去完成时,would/should/might/could+have done,与未来事实相反,were to/should+do,would/should/might/could+do,第17页,一、条件从句虚拟语气,例子,(1)If I were you,I should/would not watch TV.,(2)If I did/had done my homework,I would go/have gone to the party.,(3)If you hadnt gone to the cinema,you would not have been late for class.,(4)If you had studied harder,you would have passed the exam.,第18页,一、条件从句虚拟语气,2.,应用虚拟情况,（,1,）假如条件从句谓语动词包含有,were,had,should,有时可将连词,if,省去，而将条件从句主语置于,were,had,should,之后。这种使用方法主要用于书面语。比如：,Were I you,I would go with you.,Had I had time then,I would have gone with you.,Were I to/Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow,I would take my son with me.,（,2,）,without,能够代替条件从句。比如：,We would not live without water or air.,第19页,2.,应用虚拟情况,（,3,）混合虚拟条件句,假如条件从句动作和主句动作不是同时发生，主句和从句谓语动词形式应分别依据各自所表示时间加以调整。这种句子叫做混合虚拟条件句。比如：,If China had not been liberated,the working people would still be leading a miserable life.,（,4,）用,but,或,but for,引导含蓄条件句。（,but,后跟从句，,but for,后跟短语：假如没有，要不是）比如：,But for your help,our experiment would not have been so successful.,We would have invited them to the dance,but they were too busy.,第20页,2.,应用虚拟情况,（,5,）“,If only”,是一个特殊句式结构,1,）“,If only”,用于感叹句中，是一个保留条件句，省略了主句形式，用来表示某人对某事一个强烈愿望或未实现条件，其意为“希望,，真希望,，要是,就好了”。比如：,If only you had worked with greater care.,2,）,If only,后惯用过去未来时表示未来不大可能实现愿望。比如：,If only she would win!,第21页,二、名词性从句虚拟语气,1,、,在表示“提议、命令、要求、忠言、主张”等动词或名词（,propose,command,request,insist,require,decide,ask,等；,advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,suggestion,等）以及一些形容词（,important,necessary,urgent,essential,appropriate,vital,better,等）后所接名词性从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即动词原形或,should+,动词原形。比如：,She,urged,that we(,should,)take action on this matter immediately.(,宾语从句,),My,idea,is that we(,should,)get more people to attend the conference.(,表语从句,),I make a,proposal,that we(,should,)hold a meeting next week.(,同位语从句,),It is,strange,that he(,should,)say so.(,形式主语结构,),It is essential that the program(should)be loaded into computer.,2,、动词,wish,后宾语从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与未来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去未来时。,I wish I,were,as tall as you./He wished he,hadnt said,that./I wish it,would rain,tomorrow.,第22页,三、一些特殊句型虚拟语气,1,、,It is(about/high)time that,句型中，谓语动词用普通过去时或,should+,动词原形，指现在或未来情况，表示“早该干某事，而已经有些晚了”之意。比如：,It is time that we did something to stop pollution.,2,、,as if/though,从句当说话人认为句子所述是不真实或极少有可能发生或存在情况时，用虚拟语气。形式以下：,与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与未来事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去未来时。比如：,He talks as if he knew where she was.,He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.,It looks as if it might rain.,第23页,三、一些特殊句型虚拟语气,3,、,would rather,would sooner,had better,后接从句时，用虚拟语气。普通过去时表示现在或未来愿望，用过去完成时表示过去愿望。比如：,I would rather you went home right now.,I would rather that you came tomorrow.,I would sooner you hadnt asked me to speak yesterday.,4,、,if only,和,would that,后接句子用虚拟语气，谓语动词用普通过去时表示现在没有实现愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现愿望，常译为”希望，要是,就好了”。,If only I,were,five years younger.,If only the alarm clock,had rung,.,we would that we,had seen,through him earlier.,第24页,主谓一致,主谓一致标准指谓语动词要与主语中心词语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致。这是在解题过程中需要时刻注意。解答这类问题关键是要找准主语中心词语。比如：,The number,of pages in this book,is,one thousand.(the number of+,名词复数,+,单数动词,),A number of books have lent out.(A number of+,名词复数,+,复数动词,),第25页,主谓一致,一、就远标准,在主语和谓语动词之间有“,with/along with/together with/as well as”,以及“,besides/in addition to/accompanied by/plus/including/except/but”,“rather than”,“no less than”,“more than”,等时，动词形式应该与主语保持一致，不考虑这些词或短语后面名词。比如：,The teacher,together with,some students is visiting the factory.,You,as well as,he are wrong.,第26页,主谓一致,二、单数标准,名词前有,every,each,either,neither,“a great deal of”(,注意与,a number of,不一样,),“many a”,“a series of”,“a portion of”,“a piece of”,等词或词组修饰时，动词用单数形式。比如：,Each,of us,has,a tape-recorder.,A series of,accidents,has,been reported.,Many a,person,has,read the novel.,第27页,主谓一致,三、总体标准,表示时间、重量、数量、面积、距离等复数名词表示总数量时，谓语动词要用单数形式。比如：,Three weeks,was,allowed for making the necessary preparations.,Ten yuan,is,enough.,四、,A and B,结构,由,and,连接两个部分作句子主语时，假如指同一事物、人或由两个部件配成物品、人时,(,此时，两个部分分享同一个冠词,),，谓语动词则用单数，不然用复数。比如：,The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.,The secretary and the manager were present at the,meeting.,第28页,主谓一致,五、就近标准,由连词“,or”,“eitheror”,“nor”,“neithernor”,“not only but also”,等连接两个名词或代词时，谓语应与毗邻一个取得一致。比如：,Neither,I,nor,he,is to blame.,Either,you,or,she,is to go.,六、定语从句一致性,定语从句谓语应与先行词一致。比如：,Each one of us who,are,now living is destined to witness remarkable scientific discoveries.,第29页,主谓一致,真题实例：,A new generation of large and credible firms,49,in China in the electronics,appliance and even high-tech sectors.Some have,50,critical mass on the mainland and are now seeking new outlets for their production through exports and by building Chinese factories abroad,chiefly in Southeast Asia.,49,.A.emerge B.have emerged,C.,has emerged D.is emerged,50.,A.,reached B.reached over,C.reached out D.reached down,第30页,词法,非谓语动词,介词,代词,第31页,非谓语动词,非谓语动词包含不定式、分词和动名词。非谓语动词在句中几乎能够担当除了谓语以外任何成份。而完形填空重点考查只有五个方面：分词做表语、动名词做介词宾语、不定式结构中,it,作形式主语或形式宾语、分词作定语和分词作状语。,第32页,分词作表语,分词作表语时，现在分词往往表示主语所含有特征、特征（常表物），过去分词往往表示主语心理感受或所处状态（常表人）。表示心理状态动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使激动”，“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动”、“令人高兴”，过去分词则是“感到激动”和“感到高兴”。所以，凡表示“令人”都是“原动词+ing”形式，凡是表示“感到”都用“原动词+ed”形式。比如：,Nevertheless,79,the following suggestions and comments indicate,students feel,80,with things-as-they-are in the classroom.,79.A.though B.whether,C,.as D.if,80,.,A,.dissatisfied B.unsatisfactory,C.satisfied D.satisfactory,第33页,动名词作介词宾语,动名词作介词宾语惯用在一些固定词组后面。这些词组也是完形填空考查重点。常见词组结构是：名词/形容词/具形容词性质过去分词/不及物动词+介词+动名词。最常考是含介词to固定词组,。,比如：,He,is indifferent to,hardships and dangers.,We expect each place to,be appropriate to,its use.,The amount of pressure which the materials,are subject to,affects the quality of the products.,Encouraging kid to reject the life of the mind leaves them,vulnerable to,exploitation and control.,Food production is dependent on water.Many crops,of course are watered by rain,but in recent times irrigation has become the key,47,the worlds booming population.Today 36 percent of the worlds harvest depends on irrigation.,47.A.to feed,B.,to feeding C.for feed D.for feeding,第34页,不定式结构中it作形式主语或形式宾语,不定式作主语时，往往由it代替它作形式主语，不定式则移至谓语之后。常见结构包含：,a)It+be+形容词（如easy,hard,important,difficult,interesting,impossible,foolish,inconvenient,unnecessary,right,wrong）+,(for/of sb.)+to do,b)It+be+名词（如：a pity,a pleasure,ones duty,an honor,a,shame,a crime）+to do,C)It+动词+宾语+to do（如：It takes two to quarrel）,比如：,.The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to,41,or refuse these permits,and there is little that can be,42,about it;it would be extremely unwise,43,a foreign visitor to work without a permit,.,41.A.allow B.admit C.present,D,.grant,42.A.made,B,.done C.explained D.talked,43,.,A,.for B.to C.as D.in,第35页,分词作定语,现在分词和过去分词含有形容词特点，在句中可作定,语既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。现在分词表示主动意,义，过去分词表示被动意义。现在分词表示正在进行，过去,分词表示状态，或已做完事。,1.前置定语,单独一个分词作定语时，普通情况下放在被修饰名词,前面。几乎全部现在分词都能够做前置定语，现在分词表,示它所修饰名词动作，二者有逻辑上主谓关系，而且表,示所修饰词特点、性质等（可转换成定语从句）。比如：,A barking dog/Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.,第36页,1.前置定语,注意作前置定语现在分词前面可有状语修饰，有两种情况：一是已经转化为形容词现在分词，状语多用very,rather等加强词，如：This is a rather boring film.二是普通现在分词不能用加强词作状语，但可用其它副词，比如：不能说:rather moving vehicles,但能够说：fast moving vehicles.,全部及物动词过去分词都能够做前置定语，不及物动词过去分词作前置定语时，普通过去分词前有副词修饰，但也有少数几个能够单独作前置定语。过去分词与已经完全变成了形容词过去分词作前置定语区分是：前者表示中心词承受动作结果或状态；二后者表示中心词特点。比如：,a newly arrived student/an escaped convict,a retired worker/a locked door,an experienced doctor/a moved audience,第37页,分词作定语,2.后置定语,当被修饰词由some/any/no+thing/body/one所组成不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使是一个单一分词作形容词用，但也要放在其后。（可变为定语从句）比如：,There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two,days ago.,The bottle containing(=which contained)the poison was,sent to the laboratory.,They have intimate knowledge of the subject being,investigated(=which is being investigated),But theres been,46,from the dazzling China growth story-namely,the Chinese multinational.No major Chinese companies have yet established themselves,or their brands,47,the global stage.But things are now starting to change.,46,.A.something lost B.lost something,C,.something missing D.something missed,47.A.at B.in C.over,D,.on,第38页,分词作状语,分词作状语是表示动作是主语动作一部分，与谓语表示动作（或状态）是同时或几乎同时发生，有时先于谓语动词动作发生。分词能够做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目标、让步等状语，相当于一个状语从句。,1.,现在分词作状语时，现在分词动作就是句子主语动作，它们之间关系是主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示动作是句子主语承受动作，它们之间关系式被动关系。比如：,Not receiving any letter from him,I gave him a call.=As,I didnt receive any letter from him,I gave him a call.,Given more attention,the trees could have grown,better.=If more attention was given,the trees could,have grown better.,第39页,分词作状语,2.,When,while,once,if,unless,though,after,before,as 等引导状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则简化为分词短语。比如：,While waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.(waiting和saw主语相同),If well read,the book will give you much to think.,3.,分词作状语时，要尤其注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词主语一致，不然分词必须有自己逻辑主语，组成份词独立结构。分词独立结构由逻辑主语（名词、代词）+分词构词，能够表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。比如：,The test finished,we began our holiday.=When the test was,finished,we began our holiday.,Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.=If weather,permits,we are going to visit you tomorrow.,独立结构中逻辑主语前有时能够加with或without,作伴随状语或定语，这种,结构中除了分词外，还能够用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词。比如：,He sat in the chair with his legs crossed./The war was over,without a shot,being fired./Without anyone noticing,he slipped through th window./The,little girl called out to her mother,with tears running down her cheeks.,第40页,介词,介词是连接词与词纽带，英语经惯用介词来表示词与词之间关系，如时间、地点、原因以及方式方法等。,1.介词at,完形填空重点考查at含义有：,1）在时刻，如 at dawn,at daybreak;,2）以（某种价格、速度、数量等），如 at high speed,at a loss;,3）在方面有专长，如 be good at English/shopping.,比如：,She was barely walking at the age of four.,We drove a,t 60 kilometers an hour.,They sold the cloth at a dollar a yard.,He is an expert at troubleshooting.,第41页,1.介词 at,介词区分：at,in,during,on,by,1)at表示在某一时间点：at 3 oclock,2)in 表示在某一时间段内某一或一些点：in,in 还表示在某段时间结束点：Ill see you again in a,week.,3)during 表示某一时间段内自始至终：during the first,period,4)on 表示在某一day/date或其中某一段：on Monday,on,Sunday morning,5)by 表示不迟于某个时间：by now.,第42页,介词,2.表示“用”含义介词,with,by,in皆可表示用意思,1）with后接某种工具或器官；2）by指动作方式，和其后单数名词连用，表示抽象概念；3）in指用以表示材料、颜色、语言或方式。4）记忆口诀：有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。比如：,She made the shirt with her own hands(sewing machine).(有形：工具或器官),The shirt is made by hand(machine).(无形：动作方式),The statue was cast in bronze not in gold.(材料),I really cant express my idea in English freely in deed.(语言),The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.(表示度、量、衡单位),第43页,2.表示“用”含义介词,另外，by,with皆可表示“被”，如后接物作宾语时，用by表示宾语是直接行为者；用with表示由某人用宾语作为工具进行行为。比如：,The cinema was destroyed by fire.(被火烧毁),The cinema was destroyed with fire.(被人用火烧毁),It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory.The meaning of thousands of everyday perceptions,the bases,21,the decisions we make,and the roots of our habits and skills are to be,22,in our past experiences,which are brought into the present,23,memory.,21.,A,.of B.to C.for D.on,22.A.kept,B,.found C.sought D.stored,23,.,A,.by B.from C.with D.in,第44页,介词,3.表示“包括”意思介词,of,about,on皆可表示包括意思，1）of表示提及某人某事时，仅表示其存在或发生，而不包括其详情；2）about表示谈到某人某事时，不但表示其存在或发生，还要谈论其详情；3）on表示关于时，多用在演说，论文等专门主题上。比如：,I havent heard of the man.,Dont talk about he,r behind her back.,Hell give a lecture on atomic physics.,第45页,介词,4.表示“处于某种状态或从事某活动”介词,at,in,on可与名词组成够定搭配，可表示处于某种状态或从事某活动。1）at和一些名词连用表示在做什么；2）on后接一些表示动作名词，代替及物动词表示被动概念；3）in和一些名词连用表示处于某种状态；4）in和一些名词连用表示从事于某一行业或为某组织组员；5）in和表情绪名词连用，表示某人在做某事时心情；6）in用以表示外部自然环境。比如：,She is at work(school,college,play,table,dest,lunch).,(on和一些名词连用表示在做什么或处于某种状态),on holiday(leave,watch,guard,night work),on show=being shown on sale=being sold,Mr.White was in trouble.,in business(trade,the army,the navy,the air force),He spoke in sorrow rather than in anger.,The man compelled the little child to stand in the rain.,第46页,介词,5.表示“原因”介词,of,from,with,over,at,in,for,by,through皆可表示原因，1）of表示心理上或情绪上原因或因疾病和情绪引发死因；2）from表示某种直接原因或普通非因疾病死因；3）with表示因为外界原因而引发体内或内心改变及因情绪引发死因；4)over表示能使人发生激动感情行为原因；5