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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,2,Door closer,are you?,Unit 6 Section A,FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS,AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY,第1页,Besides the noble art of getting things done,there is the noble art of leaving things undone.The wisdom of life consists in the elimination,of non-essentials.,Lin Yutang(Chinese writer),You have succeeded in life when all you really want is only what you really need.,Vernon Howard(American writer),2,6,UNIT,Less is more,第2页,6,UNIT,Section A,2,Objectives,To talk about whether more is better than less,To further understand the text,To apply the phrases and patterns,To master the cause-effect writing skill,Less is more?,Door closer,are you?,第3页,Contents,6,UNIT,Warming-up Activities,Text Study,Language Application,Summary,Door closer,are you?,第4页,6,UNIT,Warming-up Activities,Lead-in,Pre-reading Activities,Cultural Background,Door closer,are you?,第5页,1.As far as choices in our daily life are concerned,have you ever been troubled with such dilemma:to keep all or to give up some?,Just as all people have to make decisions in their everyday lives,college students are always faced with the dilemma of making right choices.Faced with an abundance of options to choose from,they cant bear the pain to lose any opportunity and have a strong desire to keep all the options open.They try to avoid such an emotional loss,and would rather pay the high cost to keep all the doors of opportunity open.,第6页,2.What is the proper way to deal with this dilemma?Is more always better than less?,Evidences show that people feel less happy and more depressed when given an overabundance of choice.,The tendency to keep all our doors of choices open might have damaged our life,and we can get greater pleasure and more satisfaction by focusing our energy and attention on fewer options and things.More is not necessarily better in life.We should close some doors in order to allow for the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open.,第7页,Task1,.Listen to a talk about why people are often irrational.Based on what you hear,match the questions with the answers by placing a letter,next to the number.,1 ()According to the speaker,how can people behave in a rational way?,2 ()What are the consequences of peoples irrational behavior?,3 ()What has MIT Professor Ariely discovered?,4 ()What is the example in the talk regarding irrational behavior?,5 ()What does the speaker say about this irrational behavior?,第8页,Task1,.Listen to a talk about why people are often irrational.Based on what you hear,match the questions with the answers by placing a letter,next to the number.,A,People tend to behave irrationally in a predictable fashion.,B,People should act according to logic and reason required in a situation.,C,It causes problems to themselves as well as to others.,D,He doesnt think this irrational behavior is always intentional.,E,If a person knows someone suffers from a disease,he will feel he suffers from the same disease.,第9页,Task1,.Listen to a talk about why people are often irrational.Based on what you hear,match the questions with the answers by placing a letter,next to the number.,1 ()According to the speaker,how can people behave in a rational way?,2 ()What are the consequences of peoples irrational behavior?,3 ()What has MIT Professor Ariely discovered?,4 ()What is the example in the talk regarding irrational behavior?,5 ()What does the speaker say about this irrational behavior?,B,C,A,E,D,第10页,1.In your opinion,what is an irrational behavior?,Give some examples.,It is an action or opinion based on inadequate use of reason and logic:,Once a price is established in their minds,they will compare other similar items with this price,Buy products they dont need just because,they get something for free in the transaction.,Do something just because some other people,are doing the same thing.,Task 2,:Listen to the talk again and answer,the two questions,第11页,2.What do you think may cause peoples irrational,behavior?,Ignorance People can be totally unaware of a situation before forming their own views and judgments.,Emotions People take offense or get angry before the situation actually occurs.,Stress It creates feeling of anger,irritation,and frustration.,Blind beliefs They are too conscious about society and its reactions to them.,Task 2,:Listen to the talk again and answer,the two questions,第12页,Sometimes two things are to be done at the same time,both _ your attention.you can only take up one of them,the other has to wait or be given up.But you know the future is _the changed situation may not allow you to do what is left behind.Thus you are caught in a fix and feel sad.How come that nice opportunities and _ should gather around all at once.,Listen to a short passage named“Another door”and fill in the missing information.,deserving,unpredictable,To be continued,brilliant ideas,第13页,It may happen that your life changes _ on your preference of one alternative to the other.In fact that is what life is like:we are often faced with the two opposite aspects of a thing which are both_ like newspaper cutting.It often occurs that our attention is drawn to one thing only after we are _ another.,dramatically,desirable,To be continued,engaged in,Listen to a short passage named“Another door”and fill in the missing information.,第14页,The former and the latter give rise to a divided mind.I still remember a philosophers _ When one door shuts,another opens in life.So a _or passive choice may not be a bad one.Whatever we do in our lifetime,wherever life storm _ us,there must be something we can achieve,remarks,casual,To be continued,tosses,Listen to a short passage named“Another door”and fill in the missing information.,第15页,some shore we can land,which opens up newvistas to us.Dont forget God always keeps an _ open for every one.While the front door is closed,there must be another open for you.,alternative door,Listen to a short passage named“Another door”and fill in the missing information.,第16页,Questions Previewing,1.What do you know about Dan Ariely?,2.How much do you know about Xiang Yu,and the Battle of Julu?,Tips,Tips,第17页,Dan Ariely,American economist and psychologist,wrote a book in entitled,Predictably Irrational,(,可预见非理性,):,The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions,.In the book he challenges readers assumptions about making decisions based on rational thought.He explains,“My goal,is to help you fundamentally rethink what makes you and the people around you tick.”,1.What do you know about Dan Ariely?,第18页,Xiang Yu was a prominent military leader and political figure during the late Qin Dynasty.In,about 207 BC,Xiang Yu led the Chu rebel forces to victory at the Battle of Julu(,巨鹿之战,)against the Qin armies.The battle marked the decline of Qins military power.They finally beat the Qin army.The Battle of Julu was of crucial importance in overthrowing the Qin dynasty,and it has been known as the battle of“Smashing the,Cauldrons and Sinking the Boats”(,破釜沉舟,).,2.How much do you know about Xiang Yu,and the Battle of Julu?,第19页,Main Idea&Structure,Language Focus,Critical Thinking,Text Study,6,UNIT,Door closer,are you?,第20页,rival options,The text starts with a question about what Xiang Yu,a Chinese imperial general,would do when facing _,.(,Para.1,),Tips,第21页,Why did General Xiang Yu order his troops to crush their cooking pots and burn their sailing ships when crossing the Zhang River?,(Para.3),Tips,to impose on his troops a necessary sacrifice to achieve victory over their opponents.,to inspire the soldiers be more determined and concentrated on the battles.,第22页,Part I introduces a story of closing doors to open _ about Xiang,Yu.Facing choices of rival options,he made an unusual decision-ordering his troops to crush cooking pots and burn their sailing ships.By doing this,he closed the door for retreating from the enemys territory but opened the window for _.,Part I (Paras.1-_),3,windows of opportunity,winning the battle,第23页,According to Dr.Arielys book,Predictably Irrational,what might be a weakness of human beings?(Para.4),Tips,His experiment shows that people,just couldnt bear to see their options vanish though they knew it would benefit them to let go.,第24页,Part I,serves as a transition from the,ancient story of Xiang Yu to the _ of the students at MIT.Through conducting an experiment on humans_ ,Dr.Ariely found that people just couldnt bear to see their options vanish though they knew it would benefit them to let go.,Part II (Para.4),modern story,irrational behavior,第25页,Whats the significance of doing the experiments?(Para.5),Tips,The experiment enabled people,to see why its always so hard for them to say“NO”to any opportunity that came to them.In everyday life,people just give excuses to keep options open.,第26页,Whats the winning strategy when playing the computer game?(Para.6),Students should quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the highest cash.They should absolutely ignore the vanishing doors.,Tips,第27页,How did students loss money because of their irrational efforts to keep the vanishing doors open?(Para.7),In the game,any door left un-clicked for a short while would vanish.Instead of ignoring the vanishing doors,the students rushed to click on them before they vanished,so they lost money in the end.,Tips,第28页,Why are the corresponding costs often less obvious in life than in the experiments?,(Paras.8-9),Because in life the doors are closing slowly,not like the ones on the computer in the experiment,so people dont really see the opportunities actually vanishing away little by little.,Tips,第29页,Part III mainly focuses on the experiment conducted by Dr.Ariely,.,He first explains the _ of the experiment,and the process of the students _.Then he points out the real cause of the students_.Finally he emphasizes that in life the doors are actually closing slowly and we dont see the future _.,Part III (Paras.5-_),9,purpose and significance,losing money,irrational behavior,vanishing away,第30页,In the text,what does Dr.Ariely suggest in order to balance our life?(Paras.10-12),Tips,People should:,prohibit overbooking,reduce options,delegate tasks to others,give away ideas to others to pursue.,第31页,Part IV(Paras.,10-12,),Part IV suggests how we can balance,our lives by reducing _.,such as prohibition of overbooking,trying to lessen the load,remembering the lessons of,_ like Xiang Yu,and keeping those activities _.,unnecessary options,door closers,enriching our lives,第32页,What is the message the author wants to send out from this text?(Paras.13-14),Tips,People can obtain pleasure and satisfaction by focusing their energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion.They will have more with fewer but carefully chosen options.,第33页,Part V (Paras.,13-14,),Part III concludes the essay,and meanwhile it raises the question if _.We should close certain doors in order to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open.,more is better than less,第34页,The story of closing doors to open windows of opportunity about Xiang Yu serves as a good example illustrating the point that when we close doors,we open windows of opportunity.The experiment conducted by Dr.Ariely also proves that in life,we should close certain doors in order to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open.,Main Idea of the Text,第35页,When facing choices of rival options,think about what Xiang Yu would do.(Para.1),Xiang Yu ordered his troops cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned after taking his troops across a river to raid the enemy.(Para.2),Xiang Yu explained that his decision was a necessity to attain the victory.But his unusual decision would be validated on his battlefield and in modern social science research.,(Para.3),Introduction to Xiang Yus story of closing doors to open windows of opportunity,第36页,This example from ancient times leads to the experiment at MIT where Dr.Ariely teaches behavioral economics.The experiment showed that students couldnt bear to see their options vanish,even though it was clear they would profit from doing so.(Para.4),Transitional paragraph,Introduction to Xiang Yus story of closing doors to open windows of opportunity,第37页,Introduction to Xiang Yus story,Transitional paragraph,Body:the experiment by Dr.Ariely,第38页,Body:the experiment by Dr.Ariely,Its an experiment about computer game which eliminated the excuses,for letting go.(Para.5),The rule of the game was the more money they earned,the better player they were.,(Para.6),how they lost money because of the irrational efforts to keep the vanishing doors open.(Para.7),Dr.Ariely points out the real cause of the students,irrational behavior.,(Paras.8-9),第39页,Introduction to Xiang Yus story,Transition,Dr.Arielys suggestions,Body:the experiment by Dr.Ariely,Implement more prohibitions on overbooking and reduce options on our own.(Para.10),Reduce the load and remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu.(Para.11),Only keep the choices that actually enrich our lives.(Para.12),第40页,Introduction to Xiang Yus story,Transition,Dr.Arielys suggestions,Body:the experiment byDr.Ariely,conclusion,We should close certain doors in order to allow the right windows of opportunity and happiness to open.(Paras.13-14),第41页,Door closer,are you?,When faced with _ options,XiangYu,proved to a wonderful decision-maker.,He took his troops making a _ into,enemy territory.To his troops_,he ordered their cooking pots crushed and their sailing ships burned,which gave his troops only one _:to win the battle.,The battle turned out to be a great success on his side.,To be continued,rival,raid,astonishment,option,第42页,This story indicates that while closing the door for doing something,people may open the _ for achieving something more significant.,Through conducting an experiment on humans _ behavior,Dr.Ariely,found that many students in his experiment just couldnt bear to see their options,_,though they knew it would benefit them to,_,.He then emphasizes that in life the doors are actually closing slowly and we dont see the future vanishing away.,To be continued,window,irrational,vanish,let go,第43页,To solve this problem,people can balance their lives by reducing _options on their own and keeping those activities that will actually enrich their lives.To conclude,we should close certain doors in order to allow the right windows of _ to open.,opportunity and happiness,unnecessary,第44页,Practical Phrases,Specific,Meanings,1.impose sth.on sb.,将,强加于,2.be,featured in,被特写；在,中专题介绍,3.be attached to sth./sb.,喜欢（依恋）某物或某人,4.revolve,around,围绕；以,为主题,5.pay a big price,花很大代价,,e in handy,派上用场,7.be measured in sth.,用某事来衡量,第45页,将,强加于,(,generation gap/make things worse),To bridge the generation gap,parents should never,impose their personal views on their children,which may make things even worse.,impose sth.on sb,.,短语逆译,短
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