英语短文改错(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考短文改错题型剖析与解题策略,1,Outline,一、高考试题分析,二、考情分析,三、真题点睛,四、备考策略,Outline,2,一提升高度看高考,2017,年高考英语试卷基于英语学科必备知识，关键能力，学科素养及核心价值的要求，恰当选材，巧妙设问，不仅全面考查学生的听说读写等关键能力，还渗透学生的人文底蕴，交际能力，思辨精神和学习能力等学科素养的要求,。,知识立意,-,能力立意,-,素养立意,3,语言能力,文化品格,学习能力,思维品质,英语核心素养,综合语言,运用能力,国际视野,祖国意识,合作精神,自信意志,动机兴趣,语言知识,话题,功能,语法,词汇,语音,语言技能,听 说 读 写,学习策略,资源策略,交际策略,调控策略,认知策略,文化意识,文化知识,文化理解,跨文化交际,意识和能力,情感态度,英语课程目标,4,二,.,高考英语短文改错特点,“,短文改错,”,是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，旨在考查学生,在阅读理解的基础上,发现并纠正短文中的,词法，句法，时态，固定搭配和行文逻辑,等不同类型错误的能力,，,特别是考查学生使用英语的熟练程度。,近几年高考多以,记叙文，说明文,呈现，对语言的评价与校正的能力以及对,词汇、语法和语篇,三要素的把握能力。,1,、题目一般都设计得比较灵活，知识覆盖面广，短文改错的考点可分为三类：,词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑错误。,2,、改错考点分布具有,平均分布,的规律。,3,、错误的形式分别为缺词、多词和错词，改错词是最主要的形式，是考查的重点。,5,近几年高考短文改错考点分布,年份,考点,2016,年全国,I,2016,年全国,II,2017,年,全国,I,2017,全国,II,2017,全国,2018,安庆二模,谓语,2,3,2,1,3,1,非谓语,0,1,0,1,0,1,从句引导词,2,1,0,1,1,1,形容词，副词,1,0,3,2,2,3,名词,1,1,1,1,0,1,介词,1,0,1,1,1,1,代词,1,2,0,1,1,0,冠词,1,1,1,1,1,1,并列连词，上下文连接词,1,1,1,1,1,1,数词,0,0,1,0,0,0,6,词汇考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词，涉及到词法、句法、上下文语境和搭配以及行文逻辑等方面的错误。,实词以改变形式为原则,;,虚词以添加或删除为原则；以保持原意不变为原则,;,以改动最小为原则,;,一个句子（以句号为单位）出现错误,不超过,2,个为原则,修改：增加：删除,8:1:1(,常见原则,),7,四高考短文改错题型剖析与解题策略,考点,1,：谓语 时态 语态 情态动词,+,动词原形,时态命题特点及改正方法：,常见现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年考率约,100%,。要注意联系上下文，,着眼于整个语篇的时态,。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时；或者通常整篇都是现在，突然一个句子用过去时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。,8,考情分析：,(2015,年全国新课标,I),When I,was,a child,I,hoped,to live in the city.I,think,I would,thought,(,时态不一致,),be happy there.,(2016,年全国新课标,I),some people even,had,to wait outside.My uncle,tells,me that,have,(,整篇文章都用的是现在的语境，考查时态不一致,),the key to his success,is,honest.,(2016,年全国新课标,III),However,my parents,didn,t seem,to think such.They always,tell,told,(,作者这几句是在回忆,13,到,19,岁那几年的事，语境在过去，考查时态不一致）,me what to do and how to do it.,(2017,年全国,I),once I,started,the car,my mind,goes,blank.I,forgot,what he had said to me.,went,(,整篇文章说的是,18,岁生日前的那个暑假上驾驶课的事，语境在过去，故要用一般过去时。考查时态不一致,),9,（,2017,年全国,II,）,When summer,came,they,will invite,their students pick the,comes,(,文章的整个语境说的是现在的一般情况，故需要用现在时,),fresh vegetables!,（,2017,全国卷,III,）,About one mouth after this photo,was,took,taken,(,考查被动语态，构成谓语的分词）,I,entered,my second year of high school and,become,a new,became,(,语境说的是过去的故事，故此处要用一般过去时,),member of the school music club.,（,2018,年安庆二模）,if you,met,a question when reading,you,can immediate,.,meet,(,本文说明文整个语境是现在,而且是条件状语从句中,),10,语态及其他情况：,(2015,年全国新课标,I),Lots of studies have,been,shown that global warming has already become,.,(2015,年全国新课标,I),We,must,found,ways to protect your environment.,find,(,情态动词后接动词原形,),(2016,年全国新课标,I),Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are,using,for cooking.,used,（被动语态）,(2016,年全国新课标,II),We,can,chose,between staying at home and,choose,（情态动词后用动词原形）,(2016,年全国新课标,II),Some classmates,suggest,we,can,go to places of interest nearby,can,或,should,（表示建议要求命令内容的宾从谓语需用特殊形式,should+,动词原形，其,should,也可省略掉）,11,(2017,年全国,I),”,speed,up!,”,“,slow,down,”,“,Turning,left!,”,I was so,.,Turn,(,祈使句的开头用动词原形，是祈使句的谓语，也可根据并列意识,),12,考点,2,：非谓语动词（高考考察率约,100%),）,命题特点及改正方法：,1,）,谓语动词,和,非谓语动词,的错用；,2,）,动词不定式,和,动名词,的错用；,3,）,现在分词,和,过去分词,的错用等。,13,考情分析：,（,2015,年全国新课标,II,）,After,looks,at the toy for some time,he,turned,around,looking,(,谓语与非谓语错用,),(2016,年全国新课标,II),We can chose,between staying,at home and,take,a trip.,taking,(,介词,between,的宾语，和前面,staying,并列，也可用并列思维解决此题,),（,2016,年全国新课标,III,）,I showed them I was independent,by,wear,strange clothes.,wearing,(,介词,by,的宾语，需用动名词,),14,（,2017,年全国,II,）,they will invite their students,pick the,to,(,考动词不定式少,to),fresh vegetables,（,2018,年安庆二模）,Secondly,their colors will change,depend,on how,depending,（分词做状语，需借助句法理论）,the surroundings change,15,考点,3,：三大类从句引导词,(,高考考察率约,85%),命题特点及改正方法：,句子结构方面的错误主要涉及，,句法，句子成份和复合句的关联词,等。,解答这类题从以下方面来思考：,1,）,句子结构,是否完整，,成份,是否冗缺；,2,）复合句中连接主句和从句的,关系词,或,连接词,是否得当等。,16,考情分析：,（,2016,年全国新课标,I,）,My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close,to,that,I live.,where,(,介词宾语从句的引导词，分析句子成份的同时需考虑语义,),（,2016,年全国新课标,II,）,My classmates and I are talking,about,how,to do during the holiday.,what,(,介词宾语从句的引导词，分析句子成份的同时需考虑语义,),(2017,年全国新课标,II,）,In their spare time,they are,interesting,in planting vegetables in their garden,that,is on the rooftop,which,(,考查非限制性定从引导词,),of their house.,17,(2017,年全国新课标,III,）,Around me in,this,/,the,picture are the things,they,were,that/which,(,从句法,句子成份的角度考查定语从句,),very important in my life at the time,（,2018,年安庆二模）,I think the books will be quite different,from,that,they,what,(,介词宾语从句的引导词，分析从句成份,),are now.,18,考点,4,：形容词和副词,(,高考考查率几乎,100%),命题特点及改正方法：,主要考查,形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。,1,）根据,adj.,或,adv.,的基本用法确定错误；,2,）修饰名词用形容词，系表结构用形容词；,3,）修饰行为动词、形容词、,副词过去分词及整个句子用副词，在句首用副词。,19,考情分析：,（,2015,年全国新课标,I,）,global warming has already become a very,seriously,problem.,serious,(,修饰名词需用形容词,),（,2015,年全国新课标,II,）,Dad and I were,terrible,worried.,terribly,(,修饰形容词需用副词,),（,2016,年全国新课标,I,）,he hopes that our business will,grow,steady,.,steadily,（修饰行为动词需用副词）,（,2016,年全国新课标,III,）,They were also the,best,and,worse,years in my life.,worst,（最高级，可用并列意识做题，,worst,和,best,并列）,so I hoped I could,be,freely,from them.,free,(,用做表语需用形容词，习惯搭配,be free from),20,（,2017,年全国新课标,I,）,A few minutes,late,the instructor asked me to stop the car.,later,(,近似副词误用,),It was a relief and I came to a,suddenly,stop just in the middle,sudden,(,词性考查：修饰名词需用形容词,),（,2017,年全国新课标,II,）,In their spare time,they are,interesting,in planting vegetables,interested,(v-ed,与,v-ing,这类形容词的误用,),They often get up,earlier,and water the vegetables together.,early,(,副词原级与比较级,),21,（,2017,年全国新课标,III,）,I enjoyed studying,difference,kinds,of cars and,different,(,词性考查,),planes,playing pop music,and collecting the,late,music albums,latest,(,原级与最高级，此题因词义不同也可用习惯搭配用法来做题,),（,2018,年安庆二模）,you can,immediate,get,an answer by,“,talking,”,immediately,(,词性考查：修饰动词需用副词,),with the book.,22,考点,5,：名词,(,高考考察率几乎,100%),命题特点,:,本来用复数,却用单数；本来用单数，却用复数。,改正方法,:(1),根据名词前的修饰限定成份,(2),根据上下文的逻辑关系,.,23,考情分析：,(2015,年全国新课标,I),The,airs,we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.,air,(,可数名词与不可数名词,),(2016,年全国新课标,I),My uncle tells me that the key to his success is,honest,.,honesty,(,词性考查,),(2016,年全国新课标,II),.and gain,knowledges,we cannot get from books.,knowledge,(,可数与不可数,),(2016,年全国新课标,III),The teenage,year,from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time,years,(,单复数：根据上下文语义,),for me.,24,(2017,年全国新课标,I),The instructor kept repeating the,word,“,Speed up!,”,“,Slow down,”,.,words,(,单复数，上下文行文逻辑,),(2017,年全国新课标,II),they often get some useful,informations,from the Internet.,information,(,可数与不可数,),(2018,年安庆二模,),how the surroundings change,which will be good for,eye,.,eyes,(,单复数，根据语义词义,),25,考点,6,：代词,命题特点：,1.,男女性代词用反；,2.,单数指代复数；,3.,代词词性用错；,4.,缺少人称代词。,5,除了人称代词，还有学生易错常用不定代词之类的考查,根据,上下文的逻辑关系以及人称代词的数和格的一致,问题,.,26,考情分析,：,（,2016,年全国新课标,I,）,Instead,he hopes that,our,business will grow,steady,his,(,代词人称用错，根据上下文,),（,2016,年全国新课标,II,）,If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden,your,view and,our,(,人称用错，上下文行文逻辑,),It does not cost,many,yet we can still learn a lot.,much,(,相似不定代词的考查,),（,2016,年全国新课标,III,）,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by,yourself,.,myself (,反身代词人称用错，根据上下文,),but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever,need help.,I,(,分析句子成份，缺少人称代词,),27,（,2017,年全国新课标,II,）,Mr.and Mrs.Zhang,all,work in our school.,Both/all,（,2017,年全国新课标,III,）,This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of,your,high school days.,my,(,人称用错，根据上下文逻辑,),28,考点,7,：并列连词（并列结构，并列句）,上下文连接词（副词）,命题特点：,主要考查,and,、,or,、,but,、,so,等并列连词的误用,。,改正方法：,1,）根据句意确定错误；,2,）根据句子的上下文逻辑关系确定错误。,29,考情分析：,（,2015,年全国新课标,I,）,There the air is clean,or,the mountains are green.,and,（,2016,年全国新课标,I,）,Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables,or,high,and,quality oil are,using,for cooking.,(2016,年全国新课标,II,）,If we stay at home,it is comfortable,but,there is no need to spend money.,and,(2017,年全国新课标,I),Before getting into the car,I thought I had learnt the instructor,s orders,so,once I started the car,my mind,goes blank.,but/yet,30,(2017,年全国新课标,III),I had grown not only physically,and,also mentally in the,but,(not only,but also,),past few years.,(2018,年安庆二模,),they will look like the pads today,but,their sizes will,and/so,be changeable,too.,31,考点,7,冠词,命题特点及改正方法：,英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：,1,）不定冠词,a,和,an,互改；,2,）不定冠词,a,或,an,和定冠词,the,互改；,3,）根据需要增删冠词。,32,考情分析：,（,2016,年全国新课标,I,）,he never dreams,of,becoming rich in,the,short,a,period of time.,（,2017,年全国新课标,I,）,I still remember how hard first day was.,the/my,(2018,年安庆二模,),In,word,I think books in the future will be,a,(,固定搭配）,more useful,33,考点,8,介词 数词等,(,习惯用法，单个介词的常用意义等,),考情分析：,（,2016,年全国新课标,I,）,he never dreams,becoming rich in,the,short period of time.,of,（,2017,年全国新课标,I,）,In the summer holiday following my,eighteen,birthday,I took,eighteenth,It was a relief and I came to a,suddenly,stop just in the middle,on,the road.,Of,（,2017,年全国新课标,II,）,They have also bought,for,some gardening tools.,(2018,年安庆二模,),I,d like to share my ideas about books in the future,to,you.,with,34,2017,全国卷,I,In the summer holiday following my,eighteen,birthday.I,eighteenth,took driving lessons.I still remember how hard,first,my/the,day was.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor,s orders,so,once I started the car,but/yet,my mind,goes,blank.I forgot what he had said to me,went,altogether.The instructor kept repeating the,word,“,Speed,words,up!,”,“,Slow down!,”,“,Turning,left!,”,I was so,much,Turn,nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes,late,the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a,later,relief and I came to a,suddenly,stop just in the middle,on,the road.,sudden of,35,2018,年安庆二模,Good morning,everyone.I,d like to share my ideas about books in the future,to,you.,with,I think the books will be quite different from,that,they,what,are now.First of all,they will look like the pads today.,but,their,and/so,sizes will be changeable,too.Secondly,their,colors will change,depend,on how the surroundings change,depending,which will be good for,eye,.What,s more,they will be,very,eyes,much more practical.For example,if you,met,a question,meet,when reading,you can,immediate,get an answer by,“,talking,”,immediately,with the book.In,word,I think books in the future will be more,a,useful and,interested,.,interesting,That,s all.Thank you!,36,五高考英语短文改错题型解题口诀,。,通读全文，以句号为单位进行思考，一个句子最多,2,个错误，注意句子成份，句法，词性等,解题口诀,动词,形，,名词,数；,注意,形,和,副,；,非谓动词,细辨别；,习惯用法,要记住；,句子成分,多分析；,逻辑错误,须关注，,冠词连词,常光顾。,.,37,