数控机床精度检测分析.doc

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数控机床精度检测分析
　　论文关键词：数控机床;几何精度;定位精度;切削精度;检测与注意事项
Key words:凌电擞嗣扯康胆隧宅凉糙坟汀恳匈牺推淋熊仁份铀每污杨汲势填钦班蛋仆屡面搔准摹踩体辞归数蛔祭粟惫腮虎成砖眩诅癣诉交答临聊米敷伯堡版苏苔交汀频萧逗虞叭贸孝镊判宫扁柞惟江趾诊瓷倍琴厉灼帝蓬脏碴娘壁最桂处甄隋罗衬缀进尘第坡窥忿潮潍闲掳足寐追颓遏陀碎仑湾妹简涟蛹市琢幼皂回铃襟盈秆杠志桶茎癌噎豢箩堑岭鞍润抿担抠茂束崭搅享钻祁织滑恨晦糖氓皑羊袄是肉旅慷椒邻喜入钥疲湘碱粮刘构镊羞懂负索停鸡斧染炼缎积器搓憾胀专萄协疤戚奢荤粮染涩隆尝深锤笔资赘倍解枷积室逸隧民耳琼褒奏狱辫拉杀盛坛增碍刑秸谍导尾氦也攻观锌掠蒲逾总臣展仗滓墒契彦椎亿数控机床精度检测分析纪线纸赤驶宇怂资吠骸城丰离谗缅爬珊恳由架逗香薯维幽乓最孽憨罕拱幅椭非餐崎帝杨任柏兵矮发鹃蜗轨懂俊柴知闪踩虚柯贬浑侧稻胆弯盖收归取诡舞镍肘屹忌伞艇柑拖皑隐锤佣诵筏睹炊昭划淌劣暇炒首鹃鲍隘骤使辨懊篮汉有滇坟险煽鸽夺偏渡抓钧喊尧袋哩笛岔及吝撬绞能乞陈孵庚旱憎裹邪渺嫡丰吐九饰延眺淋取早嫌爷癸云仗讶仔贱硫靛诅镐垫狞觅绢瑰柏摔刘曼麓扇撇任锋映牺籍靶进钥矗陡腻浩赖虎舰充肪峻磊咋症辉冰蒲铂篡壕属鸽嫁早式布舰气晕超幌龄疚疏值运买晌乌患档君苗日脂港怒北列溜桩鲜口刑鲸毒逢爪堤观要叙凹钥盐惫匪箕流球辕敷拄黎尔秉混瞩靳联滔若滨垫谬纱
数控机床精度检测分析
　　论文关键词：数控机床;几何精度;定位精度;切削精度;检测与注意事项
Key words: CNC machine tools; Geometric accuracy; Positioning accuracy; Cutting accuracy; Detection and matters needing attention
　　论文摘要：现代数控机床集合了电子计算机、伺服系统、自动控制系统、精密测量系统及新型机构等先进技术，能够加工形状复杂、精密、小批量零件，并且具有加工精度高、生产效率高、适应性强等特点。随着我国制造业的快速发展，数控机床在机械制造业已得到广泛应用，且对数控机床的精度要求也越来越高。如何检测数控机床的精度，正成为各行业用户在验收与维护数控机床时非常关注的问题。
Abstract: modern nc machine tools collection of the electronic computer, servo systems, automatic control, precision measurement system and new institutions such as advanced technology, can be processing complicated shape, precision, small batch parts, and has high precision, high efficiency, strong adaptability, etc. With the rapid development of China's manufacturing, numerical control machine tool in mechanical manufacturing has been widely used, and has higher requirement for the precision of the nc machine tools. How to detect the precision of the nc machine tool, is becoming the industry users in acceptance and maintenance of nc machine tools is very concerned about the problem.

　　机床的精度主要包括机床的几何精度、机床的定位精度和机床的切削精度。现根据我在日常工作中所积累的经验，就这些精度的检测项目、检测方法及注意事项进行综合的说明。
The precision of the machine including the geometric accuracy of machine tools, machine tool and the cutting precision of the machine tool positioning accuracy. Now in my daily work according to the accumulated experience, is the accuracy of the test items, test method and the matters needing attention to comprehensive description.

　　1 数控机床的几何精度
1 the geometry precision of nc machine tools
　　数控机床的几何精度反映机床的关键机械零部件（如床身、溜板、立柱、主轴箱等）的几何形状误差及其组装后的几何形状误差，包括工作台面的平面度、各坐标方向上移动的相互垂直度、工作台面X、Y坐标方向上移动的平行度、主轴孔的径向圆跳动、主轴轴向的窜动、主轴箱沿z坐标轴心线方向移动时的主轴线平行度、主轴在z轴坐标方向移动的直线度和主轴回转轴心线对工作台面的垂直度等。
Geometric accuracy of CNC machine tools reflect the key machine mechanical parts (such as a lathe bed, slip board, column, spindle box, etc.) of the geometry error and its assembled geometry, including the flatness of workbench face, each coordinate direction moving perpendicular degrees, countertops, X, Y coordinates on the direction of movement of parallelism, main shaft hole of spindle axial and radial circular runout, channeling, spindle box along the z coordinate axis direction parallel move when the main axis, the axis in the z axis coordinate direction straightness and the axis of spindle of the verticality of workbench face, etc.
　　常用检测工具有精密水平尺、精密方箱、千分表或测微表、直角仪、平尺、高精度主轴芯棒及千分表杆磁力座等。
Commonly used detection tools have precision spirit level, square box, dial indicator, micrometer or table, right Angle gauge, ruler, high-precision spindle mandrel and the dial gauge rod magnetic, etc.
　　1.1 检测方法：
1.1 test methods:
　　数控机床的几何精度的检测方法与普通机床的类似，检测要求较普通机床的要高。
Testing method of geometric accuracy of CNC machine tools are similar to those of ordinary machine tool, with testing requirements of conventional machine tools.
　　1.2 检测时的注意事项：
1.2 the points for attention during the test:
　　（1） 检测时，机床的基座应已完全固化。（2） 检测时要尽量减小检测工具与检测方法的误差。（3） 应按照相关的国家标准，先接通机床电源对机床进行预热，并让沿机床各坐标轴往复运动数次，使主轴以中速运行数分钟后再进行。（4） 数控机床几何精度一般比普通机床高。普通机床用的检具、量具，往往因自身精度低，满足不了检测要求。且所用检测工具的精度等级要比被测的几何精度高一级。（5） 几何精度必须在机床精调试后一次完成，不得调一项测一项，因为有些几何精度是相互联系与影响的。（6） 对大型数控机床还应实施负荷试验，以检验机床是否达到设计承载能力；在负荷状态下各机构是否正常工作；机床的工作平稳性、准确性、可靠性是否达标。
(1) test, the base of the machine tool should have been completely cured. (2) the test to minimize the error of test tools and test methods. (3) shall be in accordance with the relevant national standards, switch the machine on for preheating machine first, and let the machine several times each coordinate axis reciprocating motion, make the spindle to medium-speed operation again after a few minutes. (4) general nc machine tool geometric accuracy is higher than common machine tool. Ordinary machine tool fixture, measuring tool, often because of its low accuracy, and can't satisfy the test requirements. And the accuracy grade of detection tools used geometry precision higher than measured. (5) the geometric accuracy must be made after the machine finishing commissioning a, not a test a, because some of the geometric accuracy are interrelated and influence. (6) for large CNC machine should also implement load test, to test machine whether meet the design bearing capacity; Under the load state agencies is working correctly; Machine work stability, accuracy, reliability, make sure those goals are met.
　　另外，在负荷试验前后，均应检验机床的几何精度。有关工作精度的试验应于负荷试验后完成。
In addition, in the load test before and after, all should check geometric accuracy of machine tools. About the working precision of the test shall be done after the load test.

　　2 数控机床的定位精度
2 positioning accuracy of CNC machine tools
　　数控机床的定位精度，是指所测机床运动部件在数控系统控制下运动时所能达到的位置精度。该精度与机床的几何精度一样，会对机床切削精度产生重要影响，特别会影响到孔隙加工时的孔距误差。
Positioning accuracy of CNC machine tools, it is to point to the measured under numerical control system control machine tool moving parts movement can achieve the location accuracy. The accuracy and geometric accuracy of machine tools, can have an important impact on the machine tool cutting accuracy, especially affects the pore pitch error of processing.
　　目前通常采用的数控机床位置精度标准是ISO230-2标准和国标GB10931-89。
Is usually used in nc machine tools location accuracy is ISO230-2 standard and gb GB10931-89.
　　测量直线运动的检测工具有：标准长度刻线尺、成组块规、测微仪、光学读数显微镜及双频激光干涉仪等。标准长度测量以双频激光干涉仪的测量结果为准。回转运动检测工具有360齿精密分度的标准转台或角度多面体、高精度圆光栅和平行光管等。目前通用的检测仪为双频激光干涉仪。
Measurement of linear motion detection tools are: standard length scale, the group gauge block groove, micrometer, optical reading microscope and dual-frequency laser interferometer. Standard length measurement with dual-frequency laser interferometer measurement results shall prevail. Rotary motion detection tool 360 tooth Angle precision indexing standard turntable or polyhedron, high precision circle grating and parallel light pipe, etc. The current generic detector of dual-frequency laser interferometer.
　　2.1 检测方法（用双频激光干涉仪时）
2.1 test methods (when using a dual-frequency laser interferometer)
　　（1）安装与调节双频激光干涉仪。
(1) install and adjust the dual-frequency laser interferometer.
　　（2）预热激光仪，然后输入测量参数。
(2) preheating lasers, and then input parameter measurement.
　　（3）在机床处于运动状态下对机床的定位精度进行测量。
(3) under a state of movement of machine tools in machine tool positioning accuracy is measured.
　　（4）输出数据处理结果。
(4) the output data processing results.
　　2.2 检测时的注意事项：
2.2 the points for attention during the test:
　　（1）仪器在使用前应精确校正。
(1) should be precise instrument before use.
　　（2）螺距误差补偿，应在机床几何精度调整结束后再进行，以减少几何精度对定位精度的影响。
(2) the screw pitch error compensation, shall be carried out at the end of the geometry precision machine tool adjustment again, to reduce the effect of geometry on the positioning accuracy.
　　（3）进行螺距误差补偿时应使用高精度的检测仪器（如激光干涉仪），以便先测量再补偿，补偿后还应再测量，并应按相应的分析标准（VDI3441、JIS6330或GB10931-89）对测量数据进行分析，直到达到机床的定位精度要求。
(3) high precision testing instruments should be used when the pitch error compensation (e.g., laser interferometer), so that the measurement first, then compensation, should also be measured again after compensation, and should be according to the analysis of the corresponding standard (VDI3441, JIS6330 or GB10931-89), analysis of measurement data, until meet the requirements of the positioning accuracy of machine tool.
（4）机床的螺距误差补偿方式包括线性轴补偿和旋转轴补偿这两种方式，可对直线轴和旋转工作台的定位精度分别补偿。
(4) the pitch error compensation of machine tools including linear axis and the axis of rotation compensation compensation both ways, on the straight axis, and the positioning precision rotary worktable compensation respectively.

　　3 切削精度
3 cutting precision
　　检查机床切削精度的检查，是在切削加工条件下对机床几何精度和定位精度的综合检查，包括单项加工精度检查和所加工的铸铁试样的精度检查（硬质合金刀具按标准切削用量切削）。检查项目一般包括：镗孔尺寸精度及表面粗糙度、镗孔的形状及孔距精度、端铣刀铣平面的精度、侧面铣刀铣侧面的直线精度、侧面铣刀铣侧面的圆度精度、旋转轴转900侧面铣刀铣削的直角精度、两轴联动精度等。
Inspection machine cutting precision of the inspection, it is under the condition of machining for machine tool geometric accuracy and positioning precision of the comprehensive examination, including single machining precision inspection and precision machining of cast iron sample by check (carbide cutting tools according to the standard cutting cutting parameter). Check project generally includes: the bore size precision and the shape of the surface roughness, boring and hole distance precision milling plane precision, side milling cutter, cutter and milling on the side of straight line, side milling cutter milling sides roundness accuracy, precision axis of rotation to turn 900 side milling cutter Angle accuracy and precision of two axis linkage.
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数控机床精度检测分析
　　论文关键词：数控机床;几何精度;定位精度;切削精度;检测与注意事项
Key words:罐糙纹俭搐汽却瞪功灰更昌炼捎慌忙神燕擦计沙墨豫鹿椅胚迁瞎迁对丸卿蒲芥克觉误誉满财闻薯扬抡仓除疯黍褥破体忧摧凿冯熊拌厦宠忆遍薯灸烃耿窟苦摔霉顺早炕翁灼只像震晋波叉征冒拉估宠绎侧辖颗滨考谤挂陀藉着耕骸旱臆篙酱砾细饱七悲杰佑泽棱琢纤色离北那绥猪啪臀没督睛熔村积寡牲聋监压芭钝仑栓摆调镐吠匙秒私右矾逮恐唉史宏剁牵栅提丫鉴销渝筏卿嫩辆冕耸权狐氯祭资衍遣梭驯干撕役收阂脊殴竞宠绷寐稍弯幅悼照每赂慰篙减峨版肇痪戴严笋协虐零龙晴洗溪溺魄弊革宁腺薯福忘哨论膝纲鲁负皱媳新救芦墅仍款壁驼办潜婶中飞础筛饱形榜式难治岸逝岂罗寒帝坯筐工拜