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六级基本词汇后缀
后缀是添加在词尾、用来阐明一种单词是名词、形容词、动词还是副词字母组合。
一、形容词后缀
1、-able ; -ible (v.→adj.)
①that can be ~ed(表达能被……)
Eg: exchange(互换) → exchangeable(可互换)
adjust(调节) → adjustable(可调节)
cred(信任)→ credible(可信)
2、-al ; -ial ; -ual (n.→adj.)
①of~ ; having the quality of ~ (表达……;有……性质)
Eg: confidence(秘密) → confidential(秘密)
3、-ant ; -ent(v.+词根→adj.)
①that ~s(表达……)
Eg: resist(抵御) → resistant(抵御)
4、-ar ; -ular ; -icular(n.词根→adj.)
①of ~(表达……)
Eg: lun(月亮) → lunar(月亮)
②like ~(表达像……)
Eg: circ(圆) → circular(圆形)
③having the quality of ~(表达有……性质)
Eg: spectac(壮观) → spectacular(壮观)
5、-ary (n.+词根→adj.)
①of ~(表达……);being ~ (表达是……)
Eg: document(文档) → documentary(记录)
②characterized by ~(表达以……为特点)
Eg: custom(习惯) → customary(习惯)
6、-ate (n.+词根→adj.)
①of ~(表达……);having ~ (有……)
Eg: passion(热情) → passionate(热情)
affection(爱慕) → affectionate(爱慕)
7、-less (n.→adj.) → 和 –ful 相反
①without ~(无……);lacking ~ (缺少……);free from ~(没有……)
Eg: thought(思考) → thoughtless(欠思考)
ruth(怜悯) → ruthless(无情)
8、-ful(n.→adj.)
①full of ~(表达布满……)
Eg: sorrow(悲哀) → sorrowful(悲哀)
②showing ~(表达体现出……)
Eg: mercy(宽容) → merciful(宽容)
③having the nature of ~(表达有……性质)
Eg: power(力量) → powerful(有力量)
④the can be of ~(表达可……)
Eg: use(用) → useful(可用,有用)
9、-ical &-ic(n.→adj.)
①of ~(和……有关); having the quality of ~(表达有……性质)
Eg: history(历史) → historical(历史)
history(历史) → historic(有历史意义)
economy(经济)→ economical(经济,节俭)
economy(经济)→ economic(经济上,经济学上)
10、-ive(v.+词根→adj.)
①having the quality of ~(表达有……性质)
Eg: destruct(破坏) → destructive(破坏)
②tending to / likely to ~(表达倾向于做……)
Eg: offend(冒犯) → offensive(冒犯)
11、-ous(n.+词根→adj.)
①having ~ (有……);full of ~(布满……)
Eg: advantage(长处) → advantageous(有益)
fury(狂怒) → furious(狂怒)
12、-y(n.→adj.)
①full of ~(表达布满……)
Eg: might(力量) → mighty(强大)
②having ~ (有……);containing ~ (含……)
Eg: salt(盐) → salty(含盐)
③characterized by ~(表达有……特性)
Eg: wit(智慧) → witty(智慧)
二、动词后缀
1、-ate(n./adj./v词根、词干→v.)(也是形容词后缀) →相应-ion名词
①adj词根- to become ~ /to cause to be(使……)
Eg: liber(自由) → liberate(使获得自由、解放)
②n词根- to produce(生成……)
Eg: termin(终端) → terminate(使终结)
③v词根- -ate只表白词性/加强词义作用
Eg: vaccin(疫苗) → vaccinate(给……种疫苗)
2、-en(n./adj.→v.)
①adj词根- to become ~ /to cause to be(使……)
Eg: fresh(新鲜) → freshen(使新鲜)
②n词根- to become to have ~ /to cause to have ~(变得/使得有……)
Eg: height(高度) → heighten(提高,增长)
3、-fy, -ify, -efy(n./adj.+词根→vt.)
①to make ~ /to cause to be(使……)
Eg: sign(记号,信号,标志) → signify(意味,预示)
solid(结实)→ solidify(使变硬,使固化)
4、-ize, -ise(英式英语,不常用) (n./adj.→v.)
①to make ~(使成为……) / to become ~(变成……)
Eg: critic(批评家) → criticize(批评)
special(特殊,专门)→ specialize(专攻)
5、-ish(词根→v.)(来自法语~)
①to make ~(使成为……) / to become ~(变成……)
Eg: nour(养育) → nourish(养育)
abol(破坏) → abolish(废除,取消)
三、副词后缀
1、-ly(adj.→adv.)(不变意思,只变词性)
① 状态 cheerful → cheerfully (欢快地)
② 措施 financial → financially (财政方面)
③ 限度 great → greatly (大幅度)
④ 时间 recent → recently (近来)
⑤ 顺序 first → firstly (一方面)
⑥ 方向 northward → northwardly(向北方)
2、-s(adj./n./pre→adv.)
表达时间地点
afternoons / nowadays / outdoors / upstairs
3、-ward(s)(adj./n./pre→adv.)
①tending to or leading to ~(倾向……地) / toward ~(朝……地)
Eg: after(在……后来) → afterward(s)(后来,后来)
up(在……上端) → upward(s)(向上地)
4、-wise(adj./n./v.→adv.)
①in a ~ manner(以……措施)
Eg: like(相似) → likewise(同样地)
②in the ~ direction of(朝……方向)
③in the ~ respect(在……方面)
Eg: other(其他) → otherwise(否则,此外)
四、名词后缀
1、-age(n./v.→n.)
①the act / result of doing(表达某种行为及成果)
Eg: cover(覆盖) → coverage(覆盖范畴,新闻报道)
②a group of / a place for sth(表达物品、场合)
Eg: band(衣袋) → bandage(绷带,包带)
③the condition of ~(表达状态)
Eg: short(短) → shortage(短缺,缺少)
2、-ance / -ancy / -ence / -ency(n./v.词根→n.)
①the act / fact of doing(表达行为)
Eg: disturb(干扰) → disturbance(干扰)
②the quality of / condition of being ~ed(表达行为性质/状态)
Eg: depend(依托) → dependence(依托)
③a thing that ~s / what is ~ed(表达和该行为有关主体事物)
Eg: refer(参照) → reference(参照文献,参照系)
3、-ant / -ent(v.→n.)
①a person / thing that ~s(表达该动作积极者)
Eg: participate(参与) → participant(参与者)
4、-ion / -ation / -ition(v.→n.)
①the act / process of doing(表达动作过程)
Eg: circulate(循环) → circulation(循环)
②the result of (表达动作成果)
Eg: compensate(补偿) → compensation(补偿)
③the condition of being ~ed(表达状态)
Eg: fascinate(迷住) → fascination(迷恋)
5、-ment(v.+词根→n.) → 相应-mental形容词
①the act / state / fact of doing(表达行为/状态/事实)
Eg: align(联合) → alignment(联合)
②the condition of being ~ed(表达动作状态)
Eg: astonish(使惊讶) → astonishment(惊讶)
③the product / result of ~ing(表达产物/成果)
Eg: power(力量) → powerful(有力量)
④the cause / means of ~ing(表达因素/手段)
Eg: instruct(教育,指引) → instrument(工具,仪器)
6、-or(v.+词根→n.)
①a person / thing that ~s(表达人/物)
Eg: detect(发现) → detector(发现者)
7、-er
①(v.+词根→n.)
a person / thing that ~s(表达人/物)
Eg: detect(发现) → detector(发现者)
②(n.→n.)
a person who makes / works with ~ (表达从事……人)
Eg: philosophy(哲学) → philosopher(哲学家)
a person who living in ~ (表达住在……人)
Eg: village(村子) → villager(村民)
a person who has ~ (表达有……人)
Eg: farm(农场) → farmer(农民)
8、-ee(v.→n.)(重音在背面)
①a person who is ~ed(表达被……者)
Eg: employ(雇佣) → employee(雇员)
refuge(给……庇护,避难)→ refugee(避难者,难民)
9、-ty/ -ity / -ety(adj.+词根→n.)
①the quality / condition / fact of being ~ (表达性质、状态、事实)
Eg: available(可获得) → availability(可得性)
capable(有能力) → capability(才干)
10、-ure(v.+词根→n.)
①the act / fact of doing(表达行为/事实)
Eg: fail(失败) → failure(失败)
②the condition of being ~ed(表达被……状态)
Eg: please(使快乐) → pleasure(快乐)
③the result of being ~ed(表达被……成果)
Eg: expose(使暴露) → exposure(暴露)
④a thing that ~s / is ~ed(表达……事物)
Eg: enclose(包围) → enclosure(环绕,围场)
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