英语仁爱版七年级下学期总复习市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

英语（仁爱版）七年级（下）学期总复习,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,书山有路勤为径,学海无边苦作舟,.,英语（仁爱版）,The early birds catches the worms!,七年级（下）,学期总复习,申明：本资料意在提升学生水平，仅供内部交流。汇编：林云,1/23,（一）普通现在时（,Simple persent tense,）,1,、定义：表示经常性、习惯性发生动作，常与,always,sometimes,usually,often,等频率副词连用。,2,、结构：主语,+V.,原形,+,其它。,3,、必定句：,主语（,I/You/We/They,）,+V.,原形,+,其它。如：,I/You/We/They often get up at six.,主语（,He/She/It,）,+V.,三单形式,+,其它。如：,He/She/It often gets up at six.,4,、否定句：,主语（,I/You/We/They,）,+dont+V.,原形,+,其它。如：,I/You/We/They dont get up at six.,主语（,He/She/It,）,+doesnt+V.,原形,+,其它。如：,He/She/It doesnt get up at six.,5,、普通疑问句及其回答：,Do+I/You/We/They+V.,原形,+,其它,?-Yes,I/We/They do.No,I/We/They dont.,Does+he/she/it+v.,原形,+,其它？,-Yes,he/she/it does.No,he/she/it doesnt.,2/23,6,、普通现在时特殊疑问句结构：疑问词,+,助动词,+,主语,+,其它？如：,How many lessons do you have every day?,你们天天有多少节课？,What time do morning class begin?,早上多少（什么）时间开始上课？,How often on does she meet her friend?,她多久见一次她朋友？,7,、普通现在时使用方法,1,）表现在状态。如：,I am in class 3,grade 1.,我在一年级三班。,2),表经常性、习惯性动作或存在状态，长与表示频率副词连用。如：,I usually go to school on foot.,（,=I usually walk to school.,）,3,）表主语具备性格和能力等。如：,She likes baseball games.,她喜欢棒球游戏（运动）。,4,）表客观事实或普遍真理。如：,The sun rises in the east.,太阳从东方升起。,The moon moves around the earth.,月亮绕着地球转。,5,）当主语是第三人称单数时，动词须用动词第三人称单数形式。如：,Tom always gets up at six oclock.,汤姆经常六点起床。,注：动词第三人称单数组成形式有以下几个改变：,（,1,）普通在动词后加,s,。在清辅音后读,/s/,，浊辅音后读,/z/,，在,/t/,后读,/ts/,，在,/d/,后读,/dz/,。,3/23,（,2,）以字母,s,x,d,ch,结尾词加,es,，读,/iz/,。,（,3,）以,o,字母结尾动词加,es,，读,/z/,。,（,4,）辅音字母加,y,结尾动词，先改,y,为,i,，再加,es,。读,/z/,。,6,）表示按要求预计要发生未来动作（只限于,go,come,leave,start,stay,return,begin,等动词）。如：,The plane takes off at 15:05.,飞机十五点零五分起飞。,The meetting is at nine tomorrow morning.,会议在明天早上九点开始。,7,）在连词,when,befor,until,if,as soon as,引导表示未来行为状语从句中，惯用普通现在时代替普通未来时。如：,If it is fine tomorrow,we shall visit the Great Wall.,假如明天天晴，我们就去浏览长城。,Tele graph me as soon as he arrives.,他一到，你就给我打电话。,（二）现在进行时（,Resent continuous,）,1,、定义：表示说话之时或现阶段正在进行动作。多与时间状语,now,at the moment,at persent,等连用。,2,、组成：主语,+be+v.,现在分词,+,其它。（其中,be,有,is,am,are,，由主语决定）,3,、必定句：主语,+be,（,is,am,are,）,+v.,现在分词,+,其它。如：,The children are watching TV now.,孩子们现在正在看电视。,4/23,4,、否定句：主语,+be,（,is,am,are,）,+not+v.,现在分词,+,其它。如：,The children are not watching TV now.,孩子们现在没看电视。,5,、普通疑问句及回答：,Be+,主语,+v.,现在分词,+,其它？,-Yes,主语,+be,（,is,am,are,）,./No,be,（,is,am,are,）,+not.,如：,Are the children watching TV now?,孩子们现在正在看电视吗？,-Yes,they are./No,they are not(arent).,6,、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词,+be+,主语,+v.,原形,+,其它？如：,What are you doing?,你们正在干什么？,-We are playing basketball.,我们正在打篮球。,（注：特殊疑问句应作完整回答）,7,、现在进行时使用方法：,1,）表示现在或说话时正在进行动作，常与,now/at the moment,连用，有时有,look,，,listen,at six oclock,等词提醒。如：,The children are earting pears.,孩子们正在吃梨。,Listen!Someone is playing the violin in the classroom.,听！有些人在教师拉小提琴。,Its 12 oclock,Mr.king is watching TV.,（现在）,12,点了，金先生正在看电视。,2,）表示当前一段时间内湖动或现阶段正在进行动作。往往和,this week,these days,at present,等时间状语连用。如：,What are you doing these days?,这些天你在做什么？,5/23,3,）表示经常性、重复性动作，常与,always,等频率副词连用，含有赞扬、厌恶、不满等感情色彩。如：,She is always helping others.,她总是在帮助他人。,4,）有时表示暂时或特殊情况。如：,Im feeling well this morning.,今天早晨我感到不舒适。,5,）表示打算，安排好最近即将发生事情。这种使用方法限少数动词（多为表示移动动词），如,go,come,arrive,leave,（起程）,return,stay,begin,do,die,lose,等词。如：,My uncle is coming tomorrow.,我叔叔明天回来。,I am leaving for YangZhou next month.,我下月要去扬州。,The train is arriving soon.,火车很快就要到了。,My sister is returning at tow this afternoon.,我姐姐今天下午,2,点回来。,注：有些动词不通常不能够用与进行时。这类词通常是表示“感觉、感情、隶属、思维“等动词。如：,see,hear,smell,feel,look,seem(,表示感觉动词,),；,hate,love,like,want,wish(,表示感情动词,),；,be,exsit,stay,remain(,表示存在状态动词,),；,have,passes,belong,consist(,表示占有与隶属动词,),。但假如词义转变，能表示一个正在进行动作，就能用与进行时态。如：,He is looking for his pen.,他正在寻找他钢笔。,I am having dinner.,我正在吃晚饭。,6/23,8、现在进行时中动词现在分词组成及发音规则：,普通在动词末尾加ing.,以不发音字母e结尾动词，先去e再加ing.,以重读闭音节结尾动词，假如结尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写该字母再加ing.,以上变更后ing发音通常为/.,（三）普通过去时（the Simple Past Tense）,1、定义：,表示过去发生且现在已经结束时间、动作或事件。常和last,ago,yesterday,last,night,last year ago,just now,in 1990等副词过去时间状语连用。普通过去时也表示过去经常性、重复性发生动作。这时常与always,often等频率副词表示时间状语连用。（如：She always went to school by bike last year.去年她总是骑自行车上学。）,2、结构：,主语+V.过去式+其它。（此中v.过去式，除系动词be 有些人称和数改变外，其它动词则没有些人称和数改变。）,3、必定句：,1）主语+was/were+其它。如：I was born in China.You were ten in.你在是10岁。2）主语+v.过去失+其它。如：She watched TV last night.她昨晚看了电视。,7/23,4,、否定句：,1,）主语,+was/were not+,其它。如：,I was not/wasnt here yestday.,昨天我不在这儿。,You were not/wasnt at that time.,那时，你不在这儿。,2,）主语,+did not/didnt+v.,原形,+,其它。如：,We did not/didnt go to school yesterday.,我们昨天没去上学。,You didnt come home last night.,你昨晚没有回家。,She didnt come back to school yesterday.,她昨天没有来学校。,5,、普通过去时普通疑问句及回答：,1,）,Was/were+,主语,+,其它？,-,简答为：,Yes,I+was/were.,或,No,主语,+wasnt/werent.,如：,Were you twelve last year?,你去年是十二岁吗？,-Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.,是,./,不，不是。,2,）,Did+,主语,+v.,原形,+,其它。,-,简答为：,Yes,主语,+did.,或,No,主语,+didnt.,如：,Did they play football last week?,他们上周踢过足球吗？,-Yes,they did./No,they didnt.,是。,/,不，没有。,6,、特殊疑问句：,疑问副词,+,（普通过去时）普通疑问句？如：,What did you do last night?,昨晚你做了什么？,-I did my homework last night.,我昨晚做家庭作业。,8/23,7,、动词过去式改变规则：,1,）,规则改变：普通在动词末尾加,ed;,结尾是,e,动词加,d;,末尾只有一个辅音字母重读鼻音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加,ed;,结尾是“辅字母,+y,，先该,y,为,i,，再加,ed.,2,）规则读音：在清辅音后面读,/t/;,在浊辅音后面读,/d/;,在,/t/d/,之后读,/id/,。,3,）不规则改变：（略）,8,、普通过去时使用方法：,1,）,表示过去发生动作存在状态。如：,Kangkang was very happy at the part.,在晚会上康康非常高兴。,He had a birthday last Friday.,上周五他过生日。,2,）,表示过去连续发生一连串动作。如：,Jack went to a bookshop and bought a story this morning.,今天早晨捷克去书店了，并买了一本故事书。,3,）,表示过去某一段时间内经常、重复发生动作。如：,When Tom was young,he always asked many stronge questions.,当汤姆还是小孩时候，他总是问许多奇怪问题。,During his middle schoolyears,he palyed football nearly every day.,（在他中课时代）他在中课时代几乎天天踢足球。,9/23,4,）,表示主语过去特征或性格等。如：,At that time she spoke very good English.,那时她英语说得很好。,5,）,用,need to+v.,原形 或,would+v.,原形，也能够表示过去经常或重复发生动作。如：,I always used to leave for work at 7:30.,我过去总是七点半离家上班。,What time did you use to get up last year?,去年你通常什么时候起床？,When ever I had a chance,I would go to Comrade Changsto have a talk with him.,我一有机会总到常同志家同他谈心。,注：普通过去时除与明确过去时间状语连用，也常和,when,if,等连词引导时间状语从句连用。如：,My father,when he was a child,worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.,我父亲很小时候就天天为地主工作,15,小时。,（四）频度副词（也说频率副词）（,Adverbs of frequemcy,）,1,、,表示频率副词常见有,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always,over,twic,three times(,三次,),等。他们通常在句中用往返答,How often.?,提问。如：,How often do you go to the library?,你多久去图书馆一次？,-I seldom go to the library.,我极少去图书馆。,10/23,2,、频度副词在句中基本位置是：,be,动词、助动词和情态动词之后，实意（行为）动词之前。如：,I am always late.,我总是迟到。,I never go to school by bus.,我从不乘公共汽车去上学。,3,、,sometimes,可放句首，而,once,twice,放句末。如：,Sometimes I go to school by bus.,有时我乘公共汽车去学校。,I go home once a week.,我一周回家一次。,4,、,never,反义词为,always.,（五）名词全部格,1,、定义：,表示名词与名词之间“全部”关系全部格。,2,、组成：,1,）,普通情况，在单数名词词尾加“,s”,。如：,Mikes pen.,迈克钢笔。,2,）,以,s,结尾单数名词加“,”,或“,s”,。如：,my boss,或,my bosss hat.,我老板帽子。,3,）,以,s,或,es,结尾复数名词加上“,”,。如：,a two hours walk.2,小时散步。,girls middle school.,女子中学。,11/23,4,）,不规则负数名词在词尾加“,s”,。如：,Womens Day.,妇女节。,3、,当表示二者或者二者以上共同全部时，把,s,加在最终名词上。如：,Lucy and Lilys friend.,露西和莉莉朋友。（两人共同朋友）,4、,当表示各自拥有某件东西时，没个名词都要用全部格形式。如：,Lucys and Lilys friends.,露西和莉莉朋友。（两人各自朋友）,（六）特殊疑问句（Sepecial Questions）,1、定义：,由一个疑问代词（what,who,which,whom,whose）或疑问副词（when,why,where,how）来引导问句。要求对方作出详细回答，不能用Yes或No往返答。,2、组成：,特殊疑问词+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语/口号+其它？如：What is your name?你名字叫什么？-My name is Kangkang.我名字叫康康。,3、语序：,有时是自然语序，有时是倒装句。疑问副词引导特殊疑问句是倒装语序，假如引导特殊疑问句是疑问代词作主语或主语一部分，那么这个疑问句是自然语序。假如它又做宾语或宾语一部分，那么这个疑问句就用倒装句。如：,12/23,1,）,where is my eraser?,我橡皮檫在哪儿？,-It;s on Marys desk.,它在玛丽桌子上。,2,）,What class are they having?,他们正在上什么课？,-They are having an Engilsh class.,他们正在上英语课,3,）,How many lessons do you have every week?,每七天你们有多少节课？,-Thirty-five.,三十五节。,4,）,Why do you like the film?,你为何喜欢这部电影？,-Because its interesting.,因为它很有趣。,（注：以上还需要掌握对应时态、人称和数改变。）,4,、,疑问副词相关疑问词组有,how old,多大（问年纪）,;how much/many,多少（问数量）（,how much,还可用于问询价格，如：,How much is it?,它要多少钱？,How much does this cost?,这个值多少钱？）,;how far,多远（问远近距离）,;how long,多久,;,多长（问询时间或长度）,;how wide,多宽（问宽度）,;how often,多久一次（问询相关频率问题）,;how soon,多久（问未来时时间）等等。如：,How old are you?,你多大啦？,How much time do we have?,我们有多时间？,How many lessons do you have every day?,天天你们有多少节课？,How far is it from here to there.?,从这儿到那儿有多远？,How long can I keep it?,我能够借多久？,How long is the book?,这本书有多少？,How soon,13/23,will you come back?,你多久将会回来？（,I will come back next month.,我将下个月回来。）,5,、,当问询加减、温度是多少时，要用,whats.?,提问，而不用,how many.?,如：,Whats 5 and/plus 6?5,加,6,等于多少？,Whats the temperature,do you know?,你知道温度是多少吗？,6,、,what+n.,所问询是物体（单、复数）或物质。如：,What class are they in?,他们在哪个班？,What books did you buy?,你买了什么书？,What+n.,有时能用来问询人身份，可指代男人或女人，单数或复数。如：,What boy(s)did you meet at the party?,你在聚会中碰到了什么男孩们？,Whats+,介词短语？问询某地有某物，它回答应用,there be,结构往返答。不论回答是单数还是复数，都要用,whats.?,来提问。如：,Whats on the plate?,盘子里有什么？,-There are some chopstick on it.,有些筷子。,Whats on the desk?,桌子上有什么？,-There is a book on it.,有一本书。,（七）,there be,结构句式,1,、定义：,表示在某处有某人,/,物句式。,there be,意思为“有，存在”，在句中作谓语，主语在,there be,后面，所以该句型为倒装句型。句中,there be,中,be,是用单数还是复数取决于其后主语，即谓语,there be,中,be,必须和主语在数上保持一致。若,be,动词后有两个或着两个以上名词主语时，,be,动词单复数与它邻近主语保持一致。,14/23,如：,There is a book on the desk.,桌子上有本书。,There are books on the desk.,桌子上有些书。,There is a lamp,a mirror,a computer and some books on it.,桌子上有一盏灯，一面镜子，一台电脑和一些书。,There are some books,a mirror,a computer and a lamp on it.,桌子上有一些书，一盏灯，一面镜子和一台电脑。,2,、结构：,there be+,主语,+,介词短语（即时间、地点介词短语）。如：,There are fifty students in our class.,在我们班有,50,个学生。,3,、,there be,结构中主语不能是形容词性物主代词修饰名词，如主语不能是,my skirt;Kangkangs football,等等。换句话说就是若表示被限定某人,/,物在某地时，惯用“某人,/,物,+be+,地点,/,时间状语,+,其它”结构。如：,There is my skirt on the bed.(,错误,)My skirt is on the bed.(,正确,)There is Kangkangs football the bed.(,错误,)Kangkangs football is under the bed.(,正确,),4,、,there be,结构中表示地点、时间状语普通放在句末，但有时也能够放在句首，这么是为了强调状语，或是为了上下文衔接。如：,There are many shops close to the buildings.=Close to the buildings there are many shops.,大楼附近有许多商店。,5,、,some,通惯用于,there be,结构必定句中，而,any,用于否定句中。,15/23,6、,there be结构一般疑问句：将be动词提前，其他照抬，句末加“？”。简答用Yes,there is/are.或No,there isnt/arent.如：Is there a computer in your study?在你书房里有台电脑吗？-Yes,there is./No,there isnt.有。/不，没有。Are there any books about Harry Petter?有没有哈利波特书？-Yes,there are./No,there arent.是，有。/不，没有。,7、,there be结构特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+（there be）一般疑问句？如：How many boys are there in our class.在我们班有多少男孩子？（注：针对there be结构主语提问，经常用是what，主语不论是单数还是复数,be动词都用is，且省掉there。即是说都“Whats.?”来提问。如：There is a desk in the room.房间里有张桌子。针对这句提问就应是：Whats in the room?房间里有什么？）,8、,there be与have(has)区分：前者表示某处有某物或某人；后者表示“某人有”，强调是拥有或占有，即某物或某人与主语是所属关系。轻易：I have a new computer.我有台新电脑。The old man has a son.那个老人有个儿子。We have twenty boys in our classroom.=Our class has twenty boys.我们班有20个男孩子。,（八）how many句型,提问某地有多少物体存在，其句型为：How many+可数n.复数+are+there+介词短语？若为不可数名词，则用How much+不可数n.+is+there+介词短语？如：,16/23,How many people are there in your family?在你家有多少人口？,How much water is there in the bottle?在瓶子里有多少水？,（九）介词及介词短语,1、表示时间,1）表示“在什么时候”惯用at,on,in等。,（1）at用来表示几点钟，休假日，及一些固定短语。如：at ten oclock.在十点钟。at the weekend.在周末。at Christmas.在圣诞节期间。（注：at用在这里是表示假日，节日期间，而不是节日当日。）at night.在晚上。at noon.在中午。at that time.在那时。,（2）on用来表示“天”，“日期”，详细某一天早晨、下午或晚上时。如：on Monday.在星期一。on January 1.在一月一日。on the following day.第二天。on Monday morning.星期一早上。on the afternoon of June 3.六月三日下午。in a cold winter evening.一个严寒冬天晚上。,（3）in用来表示“一段时间”，及用于一天当中某个时间。如：in August.在八月。in 1982.在一九八二年（过去时间）。in the morning/afternoon/evening.在早上/下午/晚上。in the months that followed.在以后几个月里。,2,）表示“期间”惯用,during,for,over,from.to.,within(,不超出,;,在,.,期间,),throughout(,贯通,.,时间,),等。,（,1,）,during,在,.,期间。如：,During my stay there.I visitied some places of historical interest.,我在那儿期间，参观了一些名胜古迹。,We travelled a lot during the summer.,我们夏天旅游了好几个地方。,17/23,（2）for 达，计。如：He studied at the university for four years.他在大学读了四年。I haventseen you for a long time.我很久没有看到你了。,（3）over 在.期间，过完（一段时间）。如：He had a good time over the weekend.他周末过得很愉快。There are the notes he made over the years.这是他多年来作笔记。,（4）from.to.从.到.。如：They children went caping from July to August.孩子们从七月到八月去野营了。（注：在from morning till night短语中，只能用till，不能用to.如：He seems to be busy from morning till night.他好像从早忙到晚。）,3）其它表示时间概念介词有befor,after,since,until,till,between,by,up,to等。,（1）befor 在.之前。如：Will you let me have the book befor Friday？请你在星期五以前把书还给我好吗？Ill be free befor ten oclock tomorrow.我明天十点前有空。,（2）after 在.之后。如：He always watches TV after supper.他晚饭后总是要看电视。,（3）since 自从.。如：I have been doing my homework since two oclock.我从二点开始就一直在做作业。,（,4,）,until/till,直到,(.,为止,),。如：,He didnt leave the swimming-pool until closing time.,他直到关门时才离开游泳池。,The meeting wll last till five oclock.,会议一直开到一点。,注：以上这些词后面跟从句时，就不再是介词，而是连词了。而且应尤其注意,until,和,till,区分：二者在必定句中时，动词要是延续性动词；否定句中时，动词要用终止性动词。如：,We must work until we succed.,我们必须工作直到成功。,(,动词,work,是延续性,)The noise of the street didnt stop until midnight.,街道上噪音没有停顿直到深夜。（这时,not.until/till,意思是“到,.,才”、“在,.,以前,”,）,18/23,（5）between 在.之间。如：Ill call on you between and four this afernoon.我今天下午二点到四点来造访你。He was at middle school between 1999 and.他从一九九九年到在上中学。注：在时间状语中，有良种情况不用介词：1）表示“去年”、“上个月”、“上周”、“今年”、“这个月”、“本周”、“明年”、“下个月”、“下周”、“没年”、“没月”和“每七天”等概念时。如：last year(month/week).去年/上个月/上周。this year(month/week).今年/这个月/本周。next year(month/week).下年/下个月/下周。every year(month/week).每年/月/周。2）用all表示整个“年、月、星期、天”等概念时。如：We worked ther all afternoon.我们一下午都在那儿干活。She has lived in the village all her life.他一辈子都住在那个村子里。,2、表示方位,1）表示位置介词有at,on,above,across from(或独用across),after,among,(a)round,before,behind,below,beside(=next to),from,inside,near(=close to),over,under,outside,by(=beside),in front of,between等。,（,1,）,at,在（某一点），在（某地）旁，通常指小地名。如：,at school.,在学校。,at the shop.,在商店,.at+,门牌号（注：,in+,街道名称）,at the end of road.,在路尽头。,Tom sat at the desk.,汤姆坐在桌子旁。,（,2,）,on,在,.,之上（尤其指在某物表面上）。如：,on the wall.,在墙上。,on the river.,在河上。,Theres a bottle of wine on the table.,桌上有一瓶酒。,（,3,）,above,在,.,上头，高出（着重上下位置）。如：,The picture is above the map.,画在地图上方。,The mountain is some 2,000 meters above the sea level.,那山约有海拔二千米高。,19/23,（4）across from(或独用across)在.对面，在.那一边。如：The department stroe is just across the street.百货企业就在街对面。Youll find the hotel is right across the bridge.你会发觉旅馆就在桥那边。,（5）after在.后面。如：I was frightened when the dog ran after at all.那狗在我后面追时候，我吓得不得了。I shouted after him,but he didnt hear at all.我在后面喊，可他怎么也听不见。,（6）among在.中间（三者或三者以上）。如：The animals usually hide among the trees during the day time.动物（野兽）白天通常藏在树林里。,（7）between在.之间（二者之间）。如：The school is between the classroom and the teachers office.学校在教室和教师办公室之间。You can sit between him and me.你能够坐在我和他之间。,（8）(a)round在.周围。如：She has a scarf/necklace around her neck.她脖子上围了一条围巾/项链。,（9）before在.前面。如：Whos the man standing before the fire?站在炉火边那个人是谁？He stood before his teacher,not knowing what to say.他站在老师面前，不知说什么。,（10）behind在.后面。如：He parked the car behind the house.他把汽车停在屋子后面。,（11）below在.下头，低于（着重上下位置，反义词是above）。如：Put the magzines below the books on the shelf.把这些杂志放在书架上书下面。The temperature today is below zero C.今天温度在摄氏零读以下。,20/23,（12）beside在.旁边，靠近（与by意思相近）。如：She sat in the chair beside the door.她坐在门边一张椅子上。The man standing beside the car is Mr White.站在汽车旁那个人是怀特先生。,（13）from离开。如：The village is two miles from the city.那个村子离城有两英里远。,（14）in front of在.前面。如：The children are palying in front of their house.那些孩子正在家门口玩。,（15）by(=beside)在.旁边，靠近。如：Harry is standing by the window.哈利站在窗户旁边。,（16）near(=close to)在.附近，靠近。如：The Smiths live near a park.史密斯一家住在一座公园附近。,（17）over在.上方，在.上面（反义词是