2022年人教版新目标英语八年级整册知识要点.doc

[人教版]新目旳英语八年级上册知识要点
Unit 1 A：How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视？)
B：I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。)
A：What's your favorite program?(你最喜欢节目是什么？)
B：It's Animal World.(是《动物世界》。)
A：How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目？)
频率副词排序always(总是) > usually (一般) > often(常常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)
隔一段时间做某事多次用 数词 + 时间间隔 构造构成。如：
once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once) twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice)
three times a month 一种月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 构造构成)
重点短语：how often 多久一次
as for 至于；有关
how many 多少（针对可数名词）
how much 多少（针对不可数名词）
of course = sure 固然；确信
look after = take care of = care for 照顾；照看
a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多；大量
every day 每一天
every night 每晚
hardly ever 几乎不
be good for 对……有益
be good for one's health 有益健康
try to do sth. 尝试做某事
get good grades 获得好成绩
help sb. [to] do sth. 协助某人做某事
kind of 有点
want [sb.] to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事
keep in good health 保持健康
on weekends 在周末
go to the movies 去看电影
junk food 垃圾食品
eating habit 饮食习惯
as for 就…而言
stay / keep healthy 保持健康
make a big difference 有很大不同、对…很重要
1.What does she do on weekends? 她在周末常干什么？
2.She often goes to the movies. 她常常去看电影。
3.I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。
4.We often surf the Internet. 我们常常上网。
5.I read English books about twice a week. 我大概一周两次看英语书。
6.I shop once a month. 我每月购物一次。
7.She says it’s good for my health. 她说这对我健康有利。
8. How often do you eat junk food?你多久一次吃垃圾食品？
9.I look after my health. 我照看我健康。
10. My eating habits are pretty good. 我饮食习惯相称好。

Unit 2 例句：A：What's the matter?(怎么了？)
B：I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A：When did it start?(什么时候开始？)
B：About two days ago.(大概两天前开始。)
A：Oh，that's too bad.(哦，这很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你应当躺下休息。)
B：Yes，I think so.(是，我是这样觉得。)
A：I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康复。)
重点短语： have a cold 患感冒
shouldn't = should not
be stressed out 紧张；有压力
a few 有些；几种（针对可数名词）
a little [bit] 有些；几种（针对不可数名词）
at the moment 此刻；目前
What's the matter?= What's wrong?= What's the problem?怎么了？
lie down and rest 躺下休息
see a doctor 看病
hope to do sth. 但愿做某事
listen to 听
for example 举个例子
be good for 对……有益
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）……（加形容词）
get tired 感到疲倦
stay healthy 保持健康
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
need to do sth. 需要做某事
have a sore throat 喉咙痛
see a dentist 看牙医
yang foods 阳性食物
be stressed out 压力大
a balanced died 平衡饮食
healthy food 健康食品
go to bed 上床睡觉
listen to music 听音乐
conversation practice 对话练习
a lot of 诸多 、很厉害
1.I have a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。
2.Maybe you should see a dentist. 也许你应当看看牙医。
3.You should eat hot yang foods，like beef .你应当吃热阳性食品，像牛肉。
4. I’m stressed out. 我压力太大。
5. It’s important to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食很重要。
6.You should eat fruit and other healthy food. 你一种吃水果和其她健康食品。
7. You should lie down and rest. 你应当躺下来休息。
8. I like to listen to music. 我喜欢听音乐。
9. I really need some conversation practice. 我真需要某些对话练习。
10. I have a lot of headaches. 我头痛得很厉害。
11.What’s the matter (with you )?(你)怎么啦？I’m not feeling well. 我感觉不舒服。
12. That’s a good idea. 好主意。
13. I hope you feel better soon. 我但愿你尽快好起来。
Unit 3 例句：A：What are you doing for vacation，Lin Hui?(林辉，放假准备干什么呢？)
B：I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。)
A：That sounds interesting!(这听起来很有趣。)What are you doing there?(你去那里准备干些什么事？)
B：I'm going hiking in the mountains.(我准备上山徒步旅行。)How about you，Tony?(你呢，托尼？)What are you doing for vacation?(你放假准备干些什么呢？)
A：I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜访我在香港朋友。)
B：Oh yeah?(是吗？)How long are you staying?(你要去多久啊？)
A：Just for four days.(只去四天。)I don't like going away for too long.(我不想远走太长时间。)
B：Well，have a good time!(祝你旅途快乐！)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(记得从香港寄一张明信片回来！)
A：Sure. Show me your photos when we get back to school.(固然。当我们再回学校时候，再看看你照片。)
重点短语：how long 多久
get back = come back 回来
take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假
a lot = very much 很；非常
be going to do sth. 将要去做某事
sound + adj. 听起来……（加形容词）
sound like + n. 听起来像……（加名词）
have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得快乐
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看
want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事
plan to do sth. 筹划做某事
spend sometime [in] doing sth. 花时间做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
ask sb. about sth. 询问某人某方面事情
go shopping 去购物
leave for 离开去某地
for vacation度假
babysit sb．…照顾(婴儿)
how long多久
go sightseeing去观光
go fishing去钓鱼
rent videos租赁录像带
go camping去野营
on Monday在周一
go hiking去远足
go bike riding去骑车
take walks散步
an exciting vacation一种令人激动假期
1．What are you doing for vacation?你假期要干什么?
2．He's going camping with his parents．她要和父母去野营。
3．She's babysitting her sister．她要照看她妹妹。
4．I'm going on Monday．周一我要去。
5．How long are you staying?你要呆多长时间?
6．I'm going hiking in the mountains．我要到山中远足。
7．I'm going sightseeing．我要去观光。
8．I'm taking walks，going fishing，and going bike riding． 我要散步，钓鱼，骑自行车。
9．I'm renting videos and sleeping a lot．
我要租赁录像带并且要大睡一觉。
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 构造。
例句：A：How do you get to school?(你如何去上学？)
B：I take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。)
A：How far is it from your home to school?(从家到学校多远？)
B：It's three miles.(有三英里远。)
A：How long does it take you to get from home to school?(从家到学校需要花多长时间？)
B：It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分钟。)
重点短语：by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车
how far 多远
depend on 依赖于
by boat = take the boat 乘船
look at 看
by train = take the train 乘火车
by bike = ride one's bike 骑车
by subway =take the subway 乘地铁
by plane = take the plane 乘飞机
on foot 走路
get up 起床
have breakfast 吃早饭
leave for somewhere 离开去某地
take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地
half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时（三十分钟）
around the world = all over the world 全世界
get to school 到学校
think of 觉得
on weekend 在周末
from…to…从……到……
ride one's bike骑自行车
the subway station地铁站
take the bus坐公共汽车
the most popular最流行
North America北美
be different from与……不同
depend on依托，依赖
2 .How far is it from your home to school ?从你家到学校有多远?
3．How long does it take you to get from home to school?从家到学校你耗费多长时间?
4_I ride my bike to the subway station．我骑车去地铁车站。
5．In North America，not all students take the bus to sch001．在北美，并非所有学生坐公共汽车去学校。
6.In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中华人民共和国，自行车和公共汽车是最流行交通方式。
7．What do you think of the transportation in your town?你觉得你们镇上交通状况如何?
8．Other parts of the world are different from the United States．世界上其她地方与美国不同。
9. It depends on where you are. 它取决于你在哪里。
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
重点短语：the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
come over 来访
study for a test 复习迎考
go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病
have to 不得不；必要（强调客观上）
must 不得不；必要（强调主观上）
help sb. with sth. = help sb. [to] do sth. 协助某人做某事
too much + n. 太多（针对不可数名词）
too many + n. 太多（针对可数名词）
much too + adj. 太……（加形容词）
go to the movies 看电影
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
thanks for [doing] sth. 为（做）某事而感谢
go to the dentist 看牙医
be going to do sth. 将要做某事（该事已筹划好）
will do sth. 将要做某事（该事尚未筹划）
keep quiet 保持安静
come to 来到
have /take a piano lesson 上一节钢琴课
would love to…乐意…一
too much太多
play soccer踢足球
go to the doctor去看医生，去看病
study for a test 准备考试
have to不得不；必要
the day after tomorrow 后天
the science report科学报告
1．Can you come to my party on Wednesday?
你星期三能来参与我晚会吗?
2．Sorry。I can't．I have a piano lesson.
对不起，我不能。我要上钢琴课。
3．Sure．I'd love to．固然，我乐意。
4．I'm playing soccer．我在踢足球。
5.I have too much homework(to do) this weekend ．这个周末我有太多家庭作业(要做)。
6．I have to go to the doctor．我得去看医生。
7．On Thursday，I'm studying for a test．周四，我要备考。
8．I can't join you because I have to help my mom· 我不能参与，由于我要帮我妈妈干活。
9．I'm having a piano lesson the day after tomorrow·后天我要上钢琴课。
10．Can you come over to my house to discuss the science report'：你能来我家讨论这份科学报告吗?

Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
重点语法：在两件或多件事物中进行比较
使用形容词比较级和最高档
一般形容词比较级是在形容词后加 -er(以e结尾单词直接加r，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er)构造构成，最高档是在形容词前加 the ，形容词后加 -est(以e结尾单词直接加st，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est)构造构成。(eg/ big → bigger → the biggest 形容词 big 原级、比较级和最高档；small → smaller → the smallest 形容词 small 原级、比较级和最高档)
当一种单词有3个或以上音节时，其比较级是在形容词前加 more 构造，其最高档是在形容词前加 the most 构造构成。(eg/ expensive → more expensive → the most expensive 形容词 expensive 原级、比较级和最高档；outgoing → more outgoing → the most outgoing 形容词 outgoing 原级、比较级和最高档)
例句：A：Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活泼开朗某些。)
B：My friend is the same as me.(我朋友跟我同样。)We are both quiet.(我们都很静。)
A：Do you look the same?(你们长相相像吗？)
B：No，I'm a little taller than her.(不，我比她高一点。)
重点短语：more than 超过……
in common 共同
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
most of 大多数
in some ways 在某些方面
the same as 与……同样
make sb. + adj. 让某人（感觉）……（加形容词）
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停止目前做事去做另一件事
begin with 以……开始
each other 互相
enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得快乐
spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事
plan to do sth. 筹划做某事
on a farm 在农场
be outgoing爱抛头露面
short hair短发
more athletic更健美
as…as同……同样…
the same as 同……同样
lots of许多
look the same看起来同样
be good at /do well in 擅长 …
make sb．1augh使……发笑
3 centimeters taller高了三厘米
1．I'm more outgoing than my sister．我比我妹妹更爱出风头。
2．He has shorter hair than Sam．她头发比山姆短。
3．Tom is more athletic than Sam．汤姆比山姆更健美。
4．Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.刘莹不如她姐姐擅长体育。
5．Both girls go to lots of parties．两个女孩都参与了许多晚会。
6．In some ways we look the same，and in some ways we look different·在某些方面，我们看起来同样，在某些方面，我们看起来不同。
7．My good friend is good at schoolwork．我好朋友爱好干学校事务。
8．I think a good friend makes me laugh．我觉得好朋友会使我发笑。
9．I'm about 3 centimeters taller now．我目前(比此前)高了3厘米。

Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?
重点语法：描述一种过程
服从别人指令
询问做某事过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句
分步回答用 first(一方面)，next(接着)，then(然后)，finally(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。
例句：A：How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉？)
B：First cut up three bananas，three apples and a watermelon.(一方面切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一种西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下来把水果放到一种碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。) Finally mix it all up.(最后将它们放在一起搅拌。)
turn on打开
pour…into…把……倒人
put…into．．．把……放入……内
2 teaspoons of relish两茶匙调味品
cut up切碎
put…on．．．把……放到……上
add…to… 把……加入……中
mix up 混合在一起
make a banana smoothie做香蕉思木西
1．Turn on the blender．打开果汁搅拌机。
2．Cut up the bananas．切开香蕉。
3．Pour the milk into the blender．将牛奶倒入果汁机里。
4．Put some relish on a slice of bread．将调味品涂到一片面包上。
5．Put the bananas and yogurt into the blender．将香蕉和酸奶倒人果汁机。
6．How do you make a banana smoothie?你如何做香蕉思木西饮料?
7．First，put 1 teaspoon of mayonnaise on the sandwich.一方面，在三明治上放一茶匙蛋黄酱。
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
重点语法：一般过去时态
构造：主语 + 谓语动词过去式 + 宾语
谈论过去发生事情用一般过去时态
do/does 一般过去时态形式：did
例句：Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。)The weather was beautiful.(那儿天气较好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)
重点短语：hang out 闲逛
sleep late 睡过头
take photos = take pictures 照相
have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得快乐
at the end of 在……尽头
the class monitor 班长
a day off 一成天
go for a drive 开车兜风
have fun doing sth. 做某事不久乐
a bowl of 一碗
help sb. [to] do sth. 协助某人做某事
某些不规则动词原形和过去式：hang → hung
buy → bought
sleep → slept
read/ri:d/ → read/red/
go to the aquarium去水族馆
take photos照相
hang out with one’s friends与朋友闲逛
buy a souvenir买纪念品
a famous actor一种出名演员
go to the zoo去动物园
eat some ice cream吃些冰淇淋
go for a drive开车兜风
win a /(the first )prize赢得奖品(第一名)
have a yard sale 进行庭院旧货发售
school trip学校组织旅行
1．I went to the aquarium，I didn't go to the zoo我去了水族馆，我没去动物园。
2．Did you take any photos?你照相了吗?
3．I’d like to eat some ice cream．我乐意吃些冰淇淋
4.We often hang out with our friends．我们常常同朋友一起m去闲逛。
5.Would you like to go for a drive?你乐意去开车兜风吗?
6.Did Tina buy a souvenir?蒂纳买纪念品了吗?
7．Toby won a prize．托比赢了奖金。
8.Did Tina meet a famous actor?蒂纳碰见一位出名演员了吗?
9.The students had a terrible school trip．同窗们度过了一次糟糕学校旅行

Unit 9 When was he born?
重点语法：一般过去时态
谈论出名人物
例句：A：How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯·史密斯打嗝了多长时间？)
B：He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(她打嗝了 69 年零 5 个月。)
A：When did he start hiccupping?(她什么时候开始打嗝？)
B：He started in 1922.(她从 1922 年就开始打嗝了。)
A：When did he stop hiccupping?(她什么时候停止打嗝？)
B：He stopped in 1990.(她到 1990 年才停止打嗝。)
重点短语：too ... to ... 太……以致不能……
take part in = join 参与
because of 由于……
major in 主修；专研
start doing sth. 开始做某事（该事已筹划好）
start to do sth. 开始做某事（该事尚未筹划）
spend sometime with sb. 花时间和某人在一起
spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调全局）
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事（强调偶尔性）
a great Chinese ping—pong player一位了不起中华人民共和国乒乓球运动员
be born in 出生于……
for example例如……
too…to… 太……而不能……
a professional soccer star 一种专业足球明星
a movie star一位影星
a loving grandfather一位慈祥爷爷
free time业余时间；空余时间
a skating champion一位溜冰冠军
the first prize第一名
the 70－year history七十年历史
the International Piano Competition 国际钢琴比赛
major in sth．主修某科目
l.Deng Yaping is a great Chinese ping—pong player．邓亚萍是一位了不起中华人民共和国乒乓球运动员。
2.She was born in 1973．她出生于1973年。
3.For example，Tiger Woods started golfing when he was only ten months old. 例如，泰德。伍德十个月大时就开始打高尔去球。
4.Pele，became a professional soccer star when he was fifteen． 比利,在她十五岁时成了一位专业足球明星。
5.When did she become a movie star?她何时成了一名影星?
6.Arthur is a loving grandfather．亚瑟是一位慈祥爷爷。
7.He spends all his free time with his grandchildren．她所有业余时间都跟她孙子在一起。
8.She become a skating champion when she was ten． 当她十岁时，她成了一位溜冰冠军。
9.He won the first prize in his group．她在小组里赢得了第一名。
lO. He was also the first Chinese pianist in the 70-year history of the Chopin International Piano Competition t