2022年职称英语理工类A级考试真题预测及答案.doc

职称英语理工类A级考试真题预测及答案
第一部分：词汇选项
1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. 
A.control 
B.observe 
C.regulate 
D.accept 
答案：D
2.She showed a natural aptitude hard to accept.
A.sense 
B.talent 
C.flavor 
D.taste
答案：B
3.Most people find rejection hard to accept. 
A.excuse 
B.client 
C.destiny 
D.refusal 
答案：C
4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. 
A.pleased 
B.powerful 
C.brave 
D.sensible 
答案：C
5.They were locked in mortal cmbat.
A.deadly 
B.open 
C.actual 
D.active 
答案：A
6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. 
A.amount 
B.supply 
C.sum 
D.temp 
答案：C
7.The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.
A.clear
B.necessary
C.special
D.correct
答案：A
8.The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.
A.Service
B.danger
C.disorder
D.threat
答案：C
9.He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.
A.survice
B.last
C.die
D.move
答案：C
10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.
A.fair
B.full
C.coexisting
D.public
答案：C
11.They promote simulation of ethnic group into the main-streasm culture.
A.policy
B.value
C.equality
D.intergration
答案：D
12.A saleman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.
A.principal
B.offical
C.simple
D.legal
答案：A
13.I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation.
A.silence
B.praise
C.assure
D.complain
答案：B
14.We live for years in a perpetual state of fear.
A.emotion
B.nervous
C.terribile
D.Contimuous
答案：D
15.The starving children were a pathectic sight.
A.common
B.unexpected
C.unforgettable
D.pitiful
答案：D
第二部分：阅读判断
Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth
Scientistshave long speculated as to why animal species didn't flourish sooner,oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earth's surface.Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoic period,about 800 million years ago — but what about thebillion-year stretch before that,when most researchers think there also wasplenty of oxygen?
Well,it seems the air wasn't so great then,after all.
Ina study published Oct.31 in Science,Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and hiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the "boring billion"period wereonly 0.1% of what they are today.In other words,Earth's atmosphere couldn'thave supported a diversity of creatures,no matter what genetic advancementswere poised to occur.
"There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise ofanimals,but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level ofoxygen,"said Planavsky,co-lead author of the research along with ChristopherReinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology."We're providing the firstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentiallyprevent the rise of animals.”
Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancientsediments from China,Australia,Canada,and the United States.Chromium isfound in the Earth's continental crust,and chromium oxidation is directlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow,iron-rich ocean areas,near theshore.They compared their data with other samples taken from younger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.
Oxygen'srole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists."We were missing the right approach until now,"Planavsky said."Chromium gaveus the proxy."Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today'sconditions during pre-animal times,leaving open the possibility that oxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.
Inthe new study,the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were "highlydynamic"in the early atmosphere,with the potential for occasional spikes.However,they said,"It seems clear that there is a first-order difference inthe nature of Earth surface Cr cycling"before and after the rise of animals.
"If we are right,ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life,and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,"saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside."This could be agame changer.”
Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and the NationalScience Foundation's Earth-Life Transitions program,awarded to Planavsky,Reinhard,and Lyons.
Theother members of the research team included Xiangli Wang,a postdoctoral fellowat Yale; Thomas Johnson,of the University of Illinois; Danielle Thomson,ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick,of the University of Tasmania; andWoodward Fischer,of the California Institute of Technology.
16.The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoicperiod.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.The team was funded by several research institutes.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19.Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20.The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.The study revealed that chromium found in Earth's continental crust remained stablebefore and after the rise of animals.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
答案：BACBABC
第三部分：概括大意与完毕句子
FirstImage-recognition Software
1.Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial 1,software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far gre jthan ever before.
2.The new system,which was tested on photos and is now being applied to,Ishows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则)or,ma9e I recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough toimprove large seaie,document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素)data in images and potentia y video — rather than just text — to locatedocuments. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase bystudying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then beapplied to other photos without tags or captions making for more accuratedocument search results.
3."Over the last 30 years,"says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani,a co-author of the study,"the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern,massive,fast-growing multimedia data set,where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page,he immediately gets the gist (主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet,surprisingly,all existing popularsearch engines,such as Google or Bing,strip away the information contained inthe photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the documentretrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systemsare accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the informationcontained in image pixels to improve document search."
4.The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type ofartificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitlyprogrammed — that extracts semantic (语义旳) information from thepixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich thedescription of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. Theresearchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retheval searchengine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additionalsemantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Webpages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision overthe original search engine purely based on text.
23. Paragraph 1 __D__
24. Paragraph 2 __C__
25. Paragraph 3 __E__
26. Paragraph 4 __F__
A.Popularity of the new system
B.Publication of the new discovery
C.Function of the new system
D.Artificial intelligence software created
E.Problems of the existing search engines
F.Improvement in document retrieval
27. The new system does document retrieval by __C__.
28. The new system is expected toimprove precision in __E__.
29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore __A__
30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the __B__
A.information in images
B.current popular search engines
C.using photos
D.machine vision systems
E.document search
F.description of the HTML page
第四部分：阅读理解
第一篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat,More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs,generate both heat and electricity,but until now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector.That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells,which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn'ta very efficient way to gather heat.
That's a problem of economics.Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost.And it's also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,anassociate professor of materials science and engineering,has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University,Canada.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon.They don't create as much electricity,but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper.And,because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint.Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
"That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light— pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However,Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film siliconin a new type of PVT.You don't have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling point of water,they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect.When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they boosted the solar cell's electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
31.PVTs are not efficient in C
A.creating electricity.
B.cooling silicon solar cells.
C.generating heat.
D.powering solar thermal collectors.
32.One of the problems PVTs have is that D
A.their thermala pplications are costly.
B.they are too expensive to afford.
C.it is hard to fix them on the roof.
D.they occupy too much space.
33.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells? C
A.They are flexible.
B.They are less expensive.
C.They are electrically efficient.
D.They are environment friendly.
34.Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market because A
A.they do not work well if exposed to light.
B.their advantages are not well-recognized.
C.they need improving in appearance.
D.they are not advertised.
35 Which of the following statements is true? C
A.New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.
B Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.
C Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.
D Anew material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.
第二篇：Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu
1　If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case1.
2　But it's a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with2preliminary guidelines. "We don't want people wearing them everywhere," said the CDC. "The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure."
3　When that's not possible3, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, you're healthy and can't avoid going to a crowded place. Second, you're sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you4. Third, you live with someone who's sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out.
4　Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.
5　During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why aren't masks added to this self-protection list? Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway5 instead.
6　Nor does flu only spread through the air6. Say7 someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole8. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you've been exposed. It's harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.
7　Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.
36.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Widespread use of face masks.
B.Possibility of a worldwide flu outbreak.
C.New discoveries