2022年专八听力minilecture真题预测及答案.doc

英语专业八级听力第一部分MINI-LECTURELISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREUnderstanding Academic LecturesListening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students.Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I. Understand all (1) _A. wordsB. (2) _-stress-intonation-(3) _ II. Adding informationA. lecturers: sharing information with audienceB. listeners: (4) _C. sources of information-knowledge of (5) _-(6) _ of the world D. listening involving three steps: -hearing-(7) _-addingIII. (8) _A. reasons:-overcome noise-save time B. (9) _ -content -organization IV. Evaluating while listeningA. helps to decide the (10) _ of notesB. helps to remember information答案：1. parts of meanings 2. sound/vocal features 3. rhythm 4. absorbing 5. subject 6. experience 7. reinterpreting 8. prediction 9. what to listen 10. ImportanceANSWER SHEET 1 (TEM8) PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE How to Reduce Stress Life is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it. I. Definition of stress A. (1) reaction (1) physical i.e. force exerted between two touching bodies B. human reaction i.e. response to (2) on someone (2) a demand eg. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3) (3) blood pressure or muscle tension II. (4) (4) Category of stress A. positive stress where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) (5) a job B. negative stress where it occurs: test-taking situations, friends death III. Ways to cope with stress A. recognition of stress signals monitor for (6) of stress (6) signals find ways to protect oneself B. attention to body demand effect of (7) (7) exercise and nutrition C. planning and acting appropriately reason for planning (8) of planning (8) result D. learning to (9) (9) accept e.g. delay caused by traffic E. pacing activities manageable task (10) (10) reasonable speed SECTION A MINI-LECTUREWhat Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with purposesA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1) _II. (2) _ and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.- connections between the known and the new information- identification of (3) _ concepts- judgment on the value of (4) _.III. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (5) _.B. before note-taking: listening and thinkingIV. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) _.B. Reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7) _.VI. Last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility- active learners: accept- passive learners: (8) _B. attitude toward (9) _- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour- passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) _.Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.参照答案：1. checking their understanding2. reflective on information3. incomprehensible4. what you read5. organized6. monitoring their understanding7. differentiate8. blame9. performance10. active learningSection A Mini-lecture或者1、checking understanding。2、reflective3、puzzling/confusing4、what is read5、comprehensive and organized6、constant understanding monitoring/monitoring their understanding7、differ8、blame others9、poor performance10、school work/studies Observation People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation. Differences daily life observation -casual -(1) _ -dependence on memory - research observation - (2) _ - careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in research - time sampling - systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour - random: fixed intervals but (3) _ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. - (4) _ - definition: selection of different locations - reason: humans or animals behaviour (5) _ across circumstances - (6) _: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _ - observation with intervention - participant observation: researcher as observer and participant - field experiment: research (8) _ over conditions - observation without intervention - purpose: describing behaviour (9) _ - (10) _ : no intervention- researcher: a passive recorder1: rarely formal records 2: systematic objective manner 3: variable4: situation sampling 5: vary 6: advantage 7: as it occurs 8: have more control 9: in natural setting 10: method Interview Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I. High-context culture A. feature - context: more important than the message - meaning: (1)_ i.e. more attention paid to (2) _ than to the message itself B. examples - personal space - preference for (3)_ - less respect for privacy / personal space - attention to (4)_ - concept of time - belief in (5)_ interpretation of time - no concern for punctuality - no control over time II. Low-context culture A. feature - message: separate from context - meaning: (6)_ B. examples - personal space - desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language - more concern for (7)_ - attitude toward time - concept of time: (8)_ - dislike of (9)_ - time seen as commodity III. Conclusion Awareness of different cultural assumptions - relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc. - (10)_ in successful communication1.apart from the message 2.what is happening 3.closeness 4.body language 5.multiple 6.in itself 7.the message itself 8.punctuality means everything 9.lateness 10.accounts 1. and significance 2. the context 或 what is doing 3. closeness to people 4. body language 5. polychronic 6. in itself 7. personal space 8. monochrome 9. lateness 10. multicultural situation Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)_: to express attitude or intention (1)_Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_: unimportance (2)_4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial expressions(3)_ (3)_- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions- eye brow raising: surprise or interest- lip biting: (4)_ (4)_gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture- shrugging shoulders: (5) _ (5)_- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures- placing hand upon heart:(6)_ (6)_- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers- closeness: intimacy or threat- (7)_: formality or absence of interest (7)_Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_ -specific. (8)_posture- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_ (9)_- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudeechoing- definition: imitation of similar posture- (10)_: aid in communication (10)_- conscious imitation: mockery1 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal。 4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance。 8 situation。 9 mood。 10 unconsciously same postureWriting Experimental ReportsI. Content of an experimental report, e.g.- study subject/ area- study purpose- _1_II. Presentation of an experimental report- providing details- regarding readers as _2_III. Structure of an experimental report- feature: highly structured and _3_- sections and their content:INTRODUCTION _4_。 why you did itMETHOD how you did itRESULT what you found out_5_ what you think it showsIV. Sense of readership- _6_: reader is the marker- _7_: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:introduction to relevant areanecessary background informationdevelopment of clear argumentsdefinition of technical termsprecise description of data _8_V. Demands and expectations in report writing- early stage:understanding of study subject/area and its implications basic grasp of the reports format- later stage: _9_ on research significance- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:Inadequate material _10_ of research justification for the studyMINI-LECTURE 1. Study result/ findings 2. Audience 3. Disciplined 4. what you did 5. DISCUSSION 6. a common mistake 7. in reality 8. obtained / that you obtained 9. attention / foucs / emphasis 10.暂无10.The Popularity of EnglishI. Present status of EnglishA. English as a native/first languageB. English as a lingua franca: a language for communication among peoplewhose (1)_ are different (1)_C. Number of people speaking English as a first or a second language: 320-380 million native speakers 250- (2) _ million speakers of English as a second language (2)_II. Reasons for the popular use of EnglishA. (3) _ reasons (3)_ the Pilgrim Fathers brought the language to America。 British settlers brought the language to Australia。 English was used as a means of control in (4)_ (4)_B. Economic reasons spread of (5) _ (5)_ language of communication iii the international business communityC. (6)_ in international travel (6)_ use of English in travel and tourism signs in airports language of announcement language of (7) _ (7)_D. Information exchange use of English in the academic world language of (8) _ or journal articles (8)_E. Popular culture pop music on (9)_ (9)_ films from the USAIII. Questions to think aboutA. status of English in the futureB. (10) _ of distinct varieties of English (10)_1. native language 2. 350 3. Historical 4. India 5. commerce 6. Boom 7. sea travel communication 8. conference 9. many radios 10. splitWhat Can We Learn from Art?I. Introduction A. Differences between general history and art history Focus: general history: (1)_ art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc. B. Significance of study More information and better understanding of human society and civilizationII. Types of information A. Information in history books is (2)_ facts, but no opinions B. Information in art history is subjective (3)_ and opinions e.g. Spanish painters works: misuse of governmental power Mexican artists works: attitudes towards social problemsIII. Art as a reflection of religious beliefs A. Europe: (4)_ in pictures in churches B. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palaces Reason: human and (5)_ are not seen as holy C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: masks, headdresses and costumes in special ceremonies Purpose: to seek the help of (6)_ to protect crops, animals and people.IV. Perceptions of Art How people see art is related to their cultural background. A. Europeans and Americans (7)_ expression of ideas B. People in other places part of everyday life (8)_ useV. Art as a reflection of social changes A. Cause of changes: (9)_ of different cultures. B. Changes tribal people: effects of (10)_ on art forms European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese paintingMeaning in literatineIn reading literary works, we are concerned with the meaning of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.I.Meaning is what intended by (1) _ is Apart from reading an authors work in question, readers need to1 )read (2) _ by the same author。 2) get familiar wi