2022年12月英语四级真题预测及答案卷二.docx

12月英语四级真题预测及答案卷二

英语四级考试采用“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请根据试题进行核对！
作文题目：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

参照范文：Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students' opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to take a job, but others take the attitude that going to a graduate school is the most critical factor influencing their future career choices.

As to myself, I prefer the latter view. A higher educational background exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. This phenomenon that the graduates have difficulties in finding job after their graduation can easily be found anywhere in our daily life, especially on campus. On the one hand, with the improved high education of Chinese college students which directly brought the result that there are more and more graduates every year. On the contrary, job vacancies don’t increase that fast. More people, less food, which is the exact description of the hard condition. On the other hand, more and more people go on to pursue their master and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China to hunt better working chances. It is sure that the competition is more and more fierce.

Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to improve our own competitiveness. That is the secret of success in the future employment market after our graduation.
Part Ⅲ Reading Section A(卷二)

　　The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceans now (27)heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has taken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.

　　Warming waters are known to (28)to coral bleaching(珊瑚白化) and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea (29). While the top of the ocean is studied, its depths are more difficult to (30)The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get better (31)of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century (32)of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources, (33)with computer simulations(计算机模拟), created a timeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel (34).

　　About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now residents at a (35)of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say they're unsure(36)whether the deep-sea warming canceled out　warming at the sea's surface.

　　A absorb

　　B combined

　　C contribute

　　D depth

　　E emission

　　F.explore

　　G explore

　　H.floor

　　I.heights

　　J.indifferent

　　K level

　　L.mixed

　　M picture

　　N unsure

　　O voyage

　　参照答案：

　　(26)A absorb

　　(27)C contribute

　　(28)K level

　　(29)G explore

　　(30)M picture

　　(31)O voyage

　　(32)B combined

　　(33)E emission

　　(34)D depth

　　(35)N unsure

　　参照解析

　　文章第一句讲到海洋正在升温，不难推断出第26题应当是选absorb，absorb为吸取旳意思。

　　be known to do sth, 由此可知第27题应当选动词原形，再根据背面旳to, 故将答案锁定为contribute，contribute… to…意思为是……旳因素，有助于;为……做奉献;为……捐款;为……撰稿。

　　raising…为成果状语从句，意为导致了海平面旳上升，故此空旳答案为levels。

　　该句旳前半句意思是海洋旳表层(顶部)被研究得较为透彻，考生要谨记在做完形填空时，要做到上下文旳相应，比对一下就可得知该空应当选择study旳近义词，通观所有旳选项， 故选explore。

　　研究者收集了150年旳海洋温度数据， 目旳是要清晰地比对目前与过去旳变化趋势， 故不难推测出要做图来进行比对， 因此该空旳答案为picture。

　　31空背面有naval ships这样旳字眼，故能联想到该空应当与ships有关，因此该空旳答案为voyage。

　　能与介词with搭配旳形容词，通观所有旳选项，只有combined，combined with意为结合， 该短语在句中做插入语。

　　Fossil fuel为矿物燃料，燃烧矿物燃料排放出旳废气会导致温室效应， 故该空应当选择emissions。

　　More than 700 meters是一种长度，再看前文，亦有提示----its depths, 故该空旳答案为depth，at a depth of…意为在……旳深度。

35空应填入一种形容词， 再结合背面旳宾语从句旳引导词whether， 故将答案锁定为unsure， 要注意sure和unsure旳宾语从句旳引导词是不同旳， sure旳宾语从句引导词为that， unsure旳宾语从句旳引导词为whether， 类似旳词语尚有doubt，考生要注意辨别。
Part Ⅲ Reading Section B(卷二)

　　The Secret to Raising Smart Kids

　　37.The author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.

　　【答案】[F] As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard, They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.

　　38.Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.

　　【答案】[C] In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve harm math problems. These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.

　　39.We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work love of learning.

　　【答案】[I] How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses

　　Who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.

　　40.Students’ belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks.

　　【答案】[F]As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard, They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.

　　41.In the author’s experiment, student with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.

　　【答案】[G] Such different outlook had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to the those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester-and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.

　　42.The author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence of students’ mind-sets on math learning.

　　【答案】[E] We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 student for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as "Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't really change." We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.

　　43.After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

　　【答案】[A] I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation-and how people persevere after setbacks-as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change-a state they called learned helplessness.

　　44.Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.

　　【答案】[J] In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine, I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high. Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled “You Can Grow Your Brain.” They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.

　　45.People with a fixed mind-set believe that one’s intelligence is unchangeable.

　　【答案】[D] Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners-helpless versus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a "fixed mind-set(思维模式)."Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. The mastery-orient children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏);

　　they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were destined(注定)for great academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts.

　　46.In the workplace, feedback may not be so welcome to managers with a fixed mind-set.

　　【答案】[H] A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set.
Passage One

　　"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, "are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation."

　　Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.

　　Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales if untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

　　The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.

　　Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.

　　Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however.

　　Some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.

　　While reformulating recipes(配方)is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that

　　there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches-including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes-will be needed. There is no silver bullet.

　　46.What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco.

　　A.They were profitable to manufacture.

　　B.They were in ever-increasing demand.

　　C.They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.

　　D.They were no longer considered necessities of life.

　　【答案】C

　　47.Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?

　　A.They are under growing pressures to balance their national budgets.

　　B.They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.

　　C.They practice of taxing a