实例讲解初中英语完形填空解题技巧实例导学案.doc

完型填空根底稳固与能力训练
一、 完形填空题特点是什么？
完形填空是一种旨在考察考生阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力典型题。文中平均每隔25个词左右设一空。人名、 地名、日期等不在设空之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。
文体多以记叙文为主，首句通常不设空。考察内容集中在对名词、动词、代词、形容词与副词等实词理解上。完形填空考察就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语情况下，能否通过推理判断、综合分析等全面理解文章正确意思，然后把答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、构造完整合理。它一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意干扰，把具体语言知识融进具体语言情境中去，考察学生通过上下文对整体文意进展把握能力。
二、 完形填空题设置方法
1. 句子层次设空 〔从词汇、惯用法, 语法规那么实际应用方面进展设计〕
指那些只需读懂“空格〞所在句子便可选出答案题目，包括词义识别，同义词辨析，英语惯用法, 语法规那么实际应用。
例1：When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of(养成…习惯) taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking.
(   ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away
例2：Only Mother’s Love is true love. She gives you everything all her life. When you are a baby, mother looks after you 16 . In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she 17 her work right away to look after you. When you are growing up, she feels 18 .
( )16. A. careful B. carefully C. good D. badly
( )17. A. does B. goes on C. stops D. likes
( )18. A. sad B. silly C. upset D. happy
2. 句群层次设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生阅读理解能力)
指根据上下文内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案题目。这种题目相对较难，但只要你能根据上下文内容进展考虑，一定能选出正确答案。
①前制性设空：即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案题目。
例1：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!
A. write    B. speak    C. sing     D. dance
例2：Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming(尖叫) loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 . You, probably!
(   ) 85. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable(舒适)
②后制性设空：指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案题目，即在下文某处有提示。
例1：Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …〞
A. believed    B. liked     C. hated     D. knew
例2： Country music comes from ____ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.
A. many         B. all        C. two       D. three
Even though you may not realize(意识到) it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But they’re not buying themselves new things every week, are they The simple truth is that there are more things to spend money on, like the electricity(电) bill and food.
A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising
3. 语篇性设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生阅读理解能力)
指那些需要联系全文情境、内容才能确定正确答案设空。这种题目难度较高，需要我们在全面理解文章正确意思下才能做出正确选择，这种题目主要用于拉开优秀生与其他学生分数，但题目不会太多。
例：Sometimes you may not understand your parents….You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.
(   ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last
三、完形填空解题步骤与要领
第一步：细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意
细读首句: 明确短文话题，了解篇章构造,预测全文内容。
跳过空格，快速通读，领会大意，把握中心。
生词处理；跳过、判断词性、了解大意、猜想。
第二步：上下联系，逐句阅读，先易后难，初定答案。
答案要求 语法正确, 搭配无误, 构造完整，意思通顺, 前后一致, 逻辑得当。
怎样分析： A. 从空格所在句子单独考虑。
B. 从空格所在前后2-3句考虑。
C. 从整个段落、整篇短文考虑。
思路一: 分析句子构造，从语法与句型构造考虑。
思路二: 理解句子含义，判断句义关系，从词汇意义、用法与搭配考虑。
思路三: 把握整体意思，寻找答题线索，从上下文考虑。
思路四: 结合前后语境，进展逻辑推理，从日常生活常识考虑。
第三步： 复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚决信心。
▲怎样验证答案：
① 所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。
② 具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。
③ 语法是否正确，其中包括时态选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。
④ 在通读全文时最好在可能条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。
四、具体解题方法与技巧
在解题时，除了运用“前制性设空〞、“后制性设空〞与“语篇性设空〞知识进展解题外，还有下面三种方法与技巧可供参考。
〔１〕语意第一，语法第二原那么。 根据文化背景与生活常识，利用上下文线索，分析并列句因果关系，可以选出正确答案。
　例1：A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden and talking about ______ ．
A.trees B.flowers C.children D.old people
【点拨】【A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden, and talking about __________. The young man said, "How strict should parents be with their children】
例2：Little Tom wondered what would happen to the eggs. Two weeks later, little Tom found some chicks ____ out of the shells(蛋壳).
A. walked B. ran C. jumped D. struggled
例3：It took Charlie Mui several months to save up seven dollars. He wanted to ______ a model plane and went to the shop with the money
　　A.sell B.buy C.hold D.bring
〔２〕语法正确，注意细节原那么。
在语意正确前题下，还要根据学过语法知识，词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面选择正确答案。如：
例1： One night the dog began to bark suddenly. It made Mr Erens ___ ①___ to sleep. He had to get up and tried his __ ② ___ to stop it， but the beast wouldn't stop， and kept on ____ ③ ___.　　
①　A.go not B.not go C.not to go D.to not go
②　A.well B.good C.better D.best
③　A.bark B.to bark C.barking D.barked
例2：Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty, His wife died a few years ago. His children ______ him by then．
　　A.left B.would leave C.have left D.had left
〔３〕从语法方面，根据所给答案不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择。
a.名词选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现有关词，注意其性与数一致。
b.动词选择，要注意词义与惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间用法差异及所给词形式。考虑动词时态、语态与是否是要填入非谓语动词。
c.介词选择，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成固定搭配。
d.代词选择，要注意性(男或女)、数(单复数)、格(主格、宾格、形代、名代)是否准确。
e.连词选择，要注意分析前后句或上下文逻辑关系。
f.形容词与副词选择，要注意词义区别，用于比拟时，还要注意比拟级与最高级等。
例如： A man and his wife had a small bar(酒吧) near a station. They often worked late into the night， ____ ① __ people came to drink there while they were __ ②__ trains. At two o'clock one morning， one man was still at a table in the small bar. He was asleep. The bar man's wife wanted to leave. She looked _ ③ __ the bar several times， and each time the man was ___ ④ __ there， Then at last she went to her husband and said to him， "You __ ⑤ __ that man six times， George ， ___ ⑥ __ he isn't drinking anything"
①A.as soon as B.because C.so D.though
②A.catching up with B.getting on C.looking after D.waiting for
③A.at B.for C.into D.out of
④A.always B.often C.still D.already
⑤A.have woken B.wake C.had woken D.will wake
⑥A.and B.but C.yet D.too
五、【实例讲解】
【例1】Last year I bought some flower pots (花盆). I didn’t __41__ them at once. One day, I went to a shop __42___ some flower seeds(种子). Then I put them into a pot with soil (土壤) and watered them. For a few days, ___43____happened. I went on watching. On the ____44___day, I finally saw the seeds develop and felt so ___45____.
Our life is sometimes like an ____46____ flower pot with nothing inside. Our days are filled with lots of different things. We usually don’t do them ___47___ we think they’re not very important. But ___48___we find that some important things are gone. Those things we lose in life are seeds of hope, love and dreams.
Planting fun in hearts is just like __49___flowers. The seeds of fun in hearts will develop as the seeds of flowers. So if I plant __50__ of hope, I can expect something wonderful. (2021年昆明市学业水平考试)
( )41. A. make B. use C. buy
( )42. A. for B. by C. without
( )43. A. everything B. something C. nothing
( )44. A. tenth B. ten C. twelve
( )45. A. worried B. happy C. tired
( )46. A. big B. colorful C. empty
( )47. A. so B. that C. because
( )48. A. when B. after C. later
( )49. A. keeping B. growing C. watering
( )50. A. seeds B. soil C. pots
【例2】Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate〔使发生联系〕 red with a strong feeling like 1 . Red is used for signs of 2 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of __5__. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in __6__. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people __7__ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and __8__. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be __9__. Those who like to be with __10 _ like red. The cool colors are __11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to __12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good __13_ for a living room or a __14_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. __15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.
( )1. A. sadness B. anger C. administration D. smile
( )2. A. roads B. ways C. danger D. places
( )3. A. land B. leaves C. grass D. mountains
( )4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D. frightening
( )5. A. moonlight B. light C. sunlight D. stars
( )6. A. summer B. spring C. autumn D. winter
( )7. A. speak B. say C. talk about D. tell
( )8. A. green B. yellow C. white D. gray
( )9. A. calm B. sleepy C. active D. helpful
( )10. A. the other B. another C. other one D. others
( )11. A. black B. green C. golden D. yellow
( )12. A. go round B. go by C. go off D. go along
( )13. A. one B. way C. fact D. matter
( )14. A. factory B. classroom C. restaurant D. hospital
( )15. A. Different B. Cool C. Warm D. All
完形填空专题练习
练习题〔1〕
When I was fifteen I went to a summer camp. There were lots of great 90 but there was one thing I was really scared (害怕)about: climbing the wall.
The wall is a kind of rock that people use to learn how to climb. It is very tall. We were all supposed to climb the wall, but I knew I couldn’t get to the top because I am 91 heights. I was ashamed and I didn’t want anyone to know that I was scared. I thought they would all laugh at me. I practiced my excuse: “I’m not scared, you know, I suffer from vertigo (患眩晕症).〞
The day came. It was time to climb the wall. The sun was shining but everyone was very quiet that morning. I took photographs at the bottom of the wall and tried to 92 . Everyone in the group went up. Then the moment came. It was my turn. I was so scared that all I could think about was my excuse. Someone said, “Shall I take your camera〞 and I answered, “I’m not scared, you know. I suffer from vertigo〞. The 93 was that I was more than scared, I was terrified (吓坏了). The camp leader said, “Don’t worry, you don’t have to do anything you don’t want to
do.〞 I was surprised. Everyone was understanding. No one 94 .
The next day, the leader asked me if I wanted to try the wall on my own, 95 the others watching. Although I was still very nervous I agreed and climbed slowly to the top with his help. I was still shaking when I came 96, but I was really happy and relieved too. For me, climbing the wall was a real achievement. (2021 上海中考试卷 完形填空)
( )90. A. activities B. operations C. accidents D. exams
( ) 91. A. poor at B. good at C. afraid of D. fond of
( ) 92. A. go B. hide C. appear D. run
( ) 93. A. truth B. situation C. story D. reason
( ) 94. A. jumped B. cheered C. smiled D. laughed
( ) 95. A. with B. without C. among D. behind
( ) 96. A. in B. out C. up D. down
练习题〔2〕
Every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads. Sometimes the drivers drive too fast or do not, drive carefully enough. Some of them 85 the traffic rules and cause accidents.
According to some researches, it is usually the pedestrians(行人)who cause the accidents. A lot of road users are very careless. They walk or run across the roads 86 the cars. They walk in the roads but not on the walkways. They get into or out of cars in the middle of the road. Some do not take the trouble to 87 the green lights and simply cross the roads against the red lights.
Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities, but this is not always true. 88 , Tokyo is one of the world’s largest cities and probably one of the busiest cities; however, there are 89 accidents to pedestrians. The reason is that the police there are very strict and the pedestrians are very careful. Pedestrians never cross against a red light and they 90 follow traffic rules.
Do you know alcohol〔酒精〕is another main cause of traffic accidents It delays people’s response. Those who have drunk alcohol are 91 in making decisions. They need a few more
seconds to react〔反响〕. Alcohol drinking is especially dangerous for motor car drivers. It is not only drivers who may have accidents after drinking. Drunken pedestrians may put their lives in danger as well. (2021 上海中考试卷 完形填空)
( )85. A. make B. break C. follow D. remember
( )86. A. at the end of  B. in the centre of C. on top of D. in front of
( )87. A. turn on B. worry about C. wait for D. point out
( )88. A. In addition B. For example C. By the way D. On the other hand
( )89. A. few B. many C. enough D. some
( )90. A. even B. never C. almost D. always
( )91. A. slow B. active C. interested D. excited
练习题〔3〕
Cartoon films have very few limits(限制). If you can draw something, you can make it 1 on the cinema screen. The use of new ideas and modern computer programs means that cartoons are becoming exciting again for people of 2 ages.
By 1970, the cinema world had decided that cartoons were 3 for children.
But soon after that, one or two film makers had some new ideas. They proved that it was 4 to make films in which both grown-ups and children could enjoy them.
However, 5 cartoon film was successful. The Black Cauldron, for example, failed, mainly because it was too 6 for children and too childish for grown-ups. Film makers learnt from this mistake, and then cartoons were welcomed by both children and grown-ups and 7 the film companies began to make large amounts of money.
( ) 1. A. arrive B. stay C. stand D. move
( ) 2. A. some B. either C. all D. both
( ) 3. A. never B. only C. still D. already
( ) 4. A. possible B. difficult C. complete D. interesting
( ) 5. A. not every B. none of the C. each D. neither of the
( ) 6. A. interesting B. popular C. relaxing D. frightening
( ) 7. A. once B. however C. again D. also
练习题〔4〕
The name of Daniel Williams has been known to the black people in the United States for many years. He became a 1 in Chicago in 1883.