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英语1(基础模块)第2版 知识点及练习
Unit One Nice to meet you !
一、词汇
(一), first
num.第一 (基数词one的序数词) ; n.第一,最初; 头等;
adv.最初; 首先; at first
adj.第一流的; 最初的,最早的; 基本的;
(二), last
n.末尾; 最后; 上个; vt. 经受住; 够用; 足够维持; vi.持续;
adj.最近的; 最后的; 最不可能的; 惟一剩下的;
adv.上一次,最近一次; 最后; at last
(三), Mr. 先生,与 Sir先生; Mrs. [misiz] 女士 (已婚)
Miss 小姐 (未婚) Ms. [miz] 女士 (婚姻状况不明)
Madam 夫人,太太,小姐
1. Mr. 意为"先生",Mr. 是 Mister (先生)或 Master (主人)的缩写。一般用于男子姓氏或职务前;不管年龄大小;辈分长幼;职务高低;结婚与否,男子都可称为Mr.;后面跟姓。如果一个男子的职务是校长,就可以称他为Mr. Headmaster (校长先生);
Sir :对不相识的男子或上级;长辈或从事某种职务的男子表示尊称时,英;美人通常用sir,意为"先生;阁下;长官",后面不跟姓氏;如:—May I go now,sir?(先生,我可以走了吗?)—Yes,sir.(可以,先生;) sir还广泛用于各类信件中,如:Dear sir, Dear sirs;
2. Mrs.意为"夫人,太太",是 Mistress 的缩写。常用于已婚妇女的丈夫的姓氏前;如果一个名叫Mary Jones的女子嫁给了一个名叫Jack White的男子,就称她为Mrs. White,但不能称Mrs. Jones;
Mrs. Smith lives in Paris. 史密斯太太住在巴黎。
3. Miss意为"小姐",复数形式为Misses,用于对未婚女子的称呼;如果一个未婚女子名叫Rose Jones,可以称她为Miss Jones。Miss还可以单独用于对一般年轻女性的尊称,包括学生对女教师的称呼;如:Good morning,Miss!(教师,早上好!)Just a moment,Miss.(请稍等,小姐;)
4. 如果对一个女子的婚姻状况不明,即不知其是否结婚时,可以用Ms(女士);如:I'm not Mr. King,I'm Ms King.(我不是金先生,我是金女士;)
5. madam (对妇女的恭敬称呼)夫人,太太,小姐 (单独使用,后面不跟姓)
Can I help you, madam? 夫人,我能为您效劳吗?
(四) good well fine nice
区别
特例
good (better best)
好的(形容词)
令人愉快的
精通的/有益的
a good job / book
have a good time
be good at /for
well (better best)
好(副词)
身体好的(形容词)
Well done! sing well
feel well
fine (finer finest)
晴朗的
健康的
a fine day
I’m fine, thank you.
nice (nicer nicest)
宜人的
好心的
高兴的
a nice day
a nice man
Nice to meet you.
a. Did you all have a _________ time during the summer holidays?
b. Vegetables and fruits are both ________ for our health.
c. --What’s wrong with you, little boy? -- Well, I don’t feel _______.
d. It’s a great idea to go for a picnic on such a _________ day.
e. What a _________ neighbour . Mrs. Jones is!
f. The American scientist speaks __________ Chinese.
The American scientist speaks Chinese __________.
二、短语
first/ given name 名 last/ family name 姓
come from = be from 来自 name card 名片
telephone number 号码 email address 邮件地址
long time no see ! 好久不见! I see . 我明白了。
more than 超过 one of the +最高级+名词复数: 最…..之一 ,
as a result 结果 half a million 50万
三、句型
(一), 常见打招呼用语
1. 朋友间经常使用到的(带有寒暄的成分)
Hi ! 嗨! Hello ! 哈罗! Good morning ! 早上好!
How’s everything?一切都好吗? What’s up?你近况如何(最近怎么样)?
What’s new?有什么新鲜事?
2.任何时候都可以用,但比较见外 , How are you?你好吗?
3.适用于第一次见面
Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 How do you do. 你好!(现在已较少使用)
4.适用于有一阵子没见面的朋友
How have you been?你过得怎么样?/最近还好吗?
5.适用于很久没见的朋友 Long time no see! 好久不见!
6. 用How引导的打招呼方式
How are you today? 今天好吗? How is everything? 一切都好吗?
How is it going? 你近况如何? How is everything going? 你一切都好吗?
How are things going? 一切都好吧?
How is the world around you? 你周围的世界怎样?
How is life treating you? 你生活过得怎样?
How are you getting along? 最近怎样?(包括工作,健康等等)
What is happening? 在忙些什么? What’s new / up? 有什么新鲜事吗?
根据这个句型,对于不同的问候对象,你可以替换主语
How is your family? 你家里怎样? How is your cousin? 你表兄(妹)还好吗?
How is your grandson? 你孙子还好吗? How is Lao Li? 老李还好吗?
7. 你要是碰上了一个你意想不到的人,你还可以这样说:
It’s a small world, isn’t it? 这世界真小,不是吗?(真巧啊!)
(在意想不到的地方或场合遇见熟人时使用)
也可以说: What a small world! 多么小的世界!(真巧啊!)
当然,这不仅是一种喜悦的表达方式,遇见债主与仇人时,也可以用这句话,意思当然就是“冤家路窄”。
(二)问姓名 What’s your name?= May I have your name , please?
A: What’s your name? B: I’m Jack Brown.
A: What’s your first name and last name?
B: My first name is Jack and my last name is Brown.
(三)be from = come from 来自
A: Where are you from? = Where do you come from?
B: I’m from the UK. = I come from the UK.
(四)Here is my name card. 给你我的名片。Here you are ! 给你。Here is the bus.车来了。
四、语法
( 一 ) 联系动词be : 是。 具体使用时分为 am , is, are .
用法:
1, I (我) 后面总跟 am , 例句: I am fifteen years old.
2, you (你,你们)后面总跟 are , 例句:You are a student.
3, 其余单数主语后面跟 is , 复数主语后面跟 are
例句: He is from England. We are Chinese.
练习: 用am, is, are 填空
1) It_____ a car. 2) They ____ cars
3) ____ your mother in the room? 4) _____your friends in the room?
5) What ____ your name? 6) These _____ buses.
7) Those _____oranges. 8) Where _____ your mother?
9) How old _____ your sister? 10) ________ Kitty.
11). She _______ a student. 12). Jane and Tom _________my friends.
13). My sisters _______ tall.
(二)人称代词
数
人称代词
主格
宾格
单
数
第一人称
我
I
me
第二人称
你
you
you
第三人称
他
he
him
她
she
her
它
it
it
复
数
第一人称
我们
we
us
第二人称
你们
you
you
第三人称
他们
they
them
人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。一般在句首。
We are from England. . He is a teacher.
人称代词宾格:作宾语,表示动作的对象、承受者。一般跟在动词或介词后面。
I can help him. Give it to me .
1、I 与me.
我来自广安。 _____ am from Guang’an.
同学们对我很友好。 My classmates are friendly to ______.
2、We 与 us.
我们来自英国。 _______ come from England.
你们能帮助我们一下吗? Can you help ______?
3、you 人称代词最容易记住的。(你能翻译下列句子吗?试一试!)
你是一名学生。_________________ 我喜欢你。_________________
你们是学生。 _________________ 我爱你们。_________________
4、你能推出she 与 her的位置吗?
她是一名护士。 ______ is a nurse.
请把这本书给她。 Please give the book to ______.
5、He与 him
他是我的朋友。 ______ is my friend.
我想与他一起玩。 I want to play with ______.
6、it 的用法。
-Where is my car? -_____ is over there.
指天气 It is raining outside. _____ is cold in Harbin.
指时间 -What time is it ? -_____ is six o’clock.
7、they与 them. _______ are watching TV.
There are some bananas, I like _____ very much.
一、用人称代词主格代替下列各词或划线部分:
1. Mrs. Li 2. her uncle 3. Miss Liu
4. my family 5. my cousin and I 6. our pencils
7. my friends 8. his grandmother 9. your T-shirt
10. Bob 11.their pears 12. the park
13. Jenny 14. the animals 15. my mother and father
16. The car is red.
17. These books are on the desk.
18. My mother and I are at home.
19. Mr. Smith is a kind man.
20. Her aunt is a model.(模特)
二、用所给词义的适当形式填空:
1、 is a teacher. (她) 2、 is a good boy. (他)
3、 is in the classroom (它) 4、 are very smart today. (你)
5、 (你们) are students. 6, is my brother. (他)
7、 can’t find my ruler (我). Where is (它)?
8、 am a student. (我) _______like English very much. (我们)
9、I like her pencil case. is nice! (它)
10、________ are playing ping-pong in the park.(他们)
三.用括号中人称代词的适当形式填空
1.Her sister is helping _______(we).
2.John and I are in the same school. (we)go to school together.
3.Everyone likes__ ___(she), do (you)?
4.Danny gives the book to ____ __ . (you)
5.______(I) have many friends. Some of (they)are good at English.
6.Jim is English. ________(I) like playing with _______(he)
7.I love ________(they)very much.
8.Miss Li often looks after________(she)
9.They are waiting for__________(they).
10.Do you like Li Ming? No, ______(I) don’t like __ ___.(he)
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